[Diagnosis and management of patients with diabetes and co-existing osteoporosis (Update 2023) : Common guideline of the Austrian Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Austrian Diabetes Society].
Diagnose und Management der Osteoporose bei Diabetes mellitus (Update 2023) : Gemeinsame Leitlinie der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Knochen- und Mineralstoffwechsel und der Österreichischen Diabetes Gesellschaft.
Diabetes
Diabetes-related bone disease
Fracture
Medication
Osteoporosis
Journal
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
ISSN: 1613-7671
Titre abrégé: Wien Klin Wochenschr
Pays: Austria
ID NLM: 21620870R
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2023
Jan 2023
Historique:
accepted:
09
11
2022
medline:
28
4
2023
pubmed:
27
4
2023
entrez:
26
4
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Fragility fractures are increasingly recognized as a complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with fracture risk that increases with disease duration and poor glycemic control. The identification and management of fracture risk in these patients remains challenging. This manuscript explores the clinical characteristics of bone fragility in adults with diabetes and highlights recent studies that have evaluated areal bone mineral density (BMD), bone microstructure and material properties, biochemical markers, and fracture prediction algorithms (FRAX) in these patients. It further reviews the impact of diabetes drugs on bone tissue as well as the efficacy of osteoporosis treatments in this population. An algorithm for the identification and management of diabetic patients at increased fracture risk is proposed. Diabetes mellitus und Osteoporose zählen zu den häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen und kommen deshalb beide häufig in ein und demselben Individuum vor. Da die Prävalenz beider mit steigendem Alter zunimmt, wird in Anbetracht der Altersstruktur unserer Bevölkerung deren Häufigkeit zunehmen. innen mit Diabetes haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für Fragilitätsfrakturen. Die Pathophysiologie ist unklar und vermutlich multifaktoriell.Longitudinale Studien haben den Nachweis erbracht, dass das Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) und die Knochendichte (BMD) mittels DXA (T-score) Messungen und einem eventuell vorhandenen Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) das individuelle Frakturrisiko vorhersagen können. Hierfür muss allerdings eine Adjustierung vorgenommen werden, um das Risiko nicht zu unterschätzen.Es gibt derzeit aus osteologischer Sicht noch nicht den optimalen Ansatz, da es keine Studien mit rein diabetischen Patient:innen und Osteoporose gibt. innen mit Diabetes mellitus und einem erhöhten Frakturrisiko sollten genauso wie Patient:innen ohne Diabetes und einem erhöhten Frakturrisiko behandelt werden.Der Vitamin-D-Spiegel sollte auf jeden Fall immer optimiert werden und auf eine ausreichende Kalziumaufnahme (vorzugsweise durch die Nahrung) ist zu achten.Bei der Wahl der antihyperglykämischen Therapie sollten Substanzen mit nachgewiesen negativem Effekt auf den Knochen weggelassen werden. Bei Vorliegen einer Fragilitätsfraktur ist auf jeden Fall – unabhängig von allen vorliegenden Befunden – eine langfristige spezifische osteologische Therapie indiziert.Zur Prävention von Fragilitätsfrakturen sind antiresorptive Medikamente die erste Wahl, entsprechend den nationalen Erstattungskriterien auch anabole Medikamente. Das Therapiemonitoring soll im Einklang mit der nationalen Osteoporose Leitlinie erfolgen.
Autres résumés
Type: Publisher
(ger)
Diabetes mellitus und Osteoporose zählen zu den häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen und kommen deshalb beide häufig in ein und demselben Individuum vor. Da die Prävalenz beider mit steigendem Alter zunimmt, wird in Anbetracht der Altersstruktur unserer Bevölkerung deren Häufigkeit zunehmen.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37101043
doi: 10.1007/s00508-022-02118-8
pii: 10.1007/s00508-022-02118-8
pmc: PMC10133052
doi:
Substances chimiques
Minerals
0
Types de publication
English Abstract
Journal Article
Langues
ger
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
207-224Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
Références
Kerschbaum J. Jahresbericht 2018 Und 2019 Des Österreichischen Dialyse- Und Transplantationsregisters. ÖDTR; 2021.
Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L. Diabetes and its complications and their relationship with risk of fractures in type 1 and 2 diabetes. Calcif Tissue Int. 2009;84(1):45–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-008-9195-5 .
doi: 10.1007/s00223-008-9195-5
pubmed: 19067021
Lee SE, Yoo J, Kim KA, Han K, Choi HS. Hip fracture risk according to diabetic kidney disease phenotype in a Korean population. Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(1):148–58. https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.1315 .
doi: 10.3803/EnM.2021.1315
de Boer IH, Caramori ML, Chan JCN, et al. KDIGO 2020 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2020;98(4):S1–S115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.019 .
doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.019
Zinman B, Lachin JM, Inzucchi SE. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(11):1094. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1600827 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1600827
pubmed: 26981940
Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, et al. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1413–24. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2022190 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2022190
pubmed: 32865377
Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP, et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(4):347–57. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1812389 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812389
pubmed: 30415602
Heerspink HJL, v. Stefánsson B, Correa-Rotter R, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1436–46. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2024816 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2024816
pubmed: 32970396
Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, et al. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(7):644–57. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1611925 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1611925
pubmed: 28605608
Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal B, et al. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(24):2295–306. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1811744 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1811744
pubmed: 30990260
Cherney DZI, Charbonnel B, Cosentino F, et al. Effects of ertugliflozin on kidney composite outcomes, renal function and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis from the randomised VERTIS CV trial. Diabetologia. 2021;64(6):1256–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-021-05407-5 .
doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05407-5
pubmed: 33665685
pmcid: 8099851
Blau JE, Bauman V, Conway EM, et al. Canagliflozin triggers the FGF23/1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/PTH axis in healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study. JCI Insight. 2018;3(8):e99123. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.99123 .
doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.99123
pubmed: 29669938
pmcid: 5931122
de Jong MA, Petrykiv SI, Laverman GD, et al. Effects of dapagliflozin on circulating markers of phosphate homeostasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;14(1):66–73. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.04530418 .
doi: 10.2215/CJN.04530418
pubmed: 30559106
McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(21):1995–2008. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1911303 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911303
pubmed: 31535829
Cannon CP, Pratley R, Dagogo-Jack S, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with ertugliflozin in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1425–35. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2004967 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2004967
pubmed: 32966714
Zhuo M, Hawley CE, Paik JM, et al. Association of sodium-glucose cotransporter–2 inhibitors with fracture risk in older adults with type 2 diabetes. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2130762. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30762 .
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30762
pubmed: 34705014
pmcid: 8552056
Zhao B, Shen J, Zhao J, Pan H. Do sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors lead to fracture risk? A pharmacovigilance real-world study. J Diabetes Investig. 2021;12(8):1400–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.13481 .
doi: 10.1111/jdi.13481
pubmed: 33325646
pmcid: 8354498
Qian BB, Chen Q, Li L, Yan CF. Association between combined treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus on fracture risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporos Int. 2020;31(12):2313–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05590-y .
doi: 10.1007/s00198-020-05590-y
pubmed: 32780153
Ueda P, Svanström H, Melbye M, et al. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of serious adverse events: nationwide register based cohort study. BMJ. 2018; https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k4365 .
doi: 10.1136/bmj.k4365
pubmed: 30429124
pmcid: 6233755
Napoli N, Shah K, Waters DL, Sinacore DR, Qualls C, Villareal DT. Effect of weight loss, exercise, or both on cognition and quality of life in obese older adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(1):189–98. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.082883 .
doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.082883
pubmed: 24787497
pmcid: 4144098
Hurskainen AR, Virtanen JK, Tuomainen TP, Nurmi T, Voutilainen S. Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with type 2 diabetes and markers of insulin resistance in a general older population in Finland. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012;28(5):418–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2286 .
doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2286
pubmed: 22318870
Bolland MJ, Grey A, Avenell A. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(11):847–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30265-1 .
doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30265-1
pubmed: 30293909
Conway BN, Long DM, Figaro MK, May ME. Glycemic control and fracture risk in elderly patients with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016;115:47–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2016.03.009 .
doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.03.009
pubmed: 27242122
pmcid: 4930877
Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American diabetes association and the European association for the study of diabetes. diabetes Care. 2015;38(1):140–9. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-2441 .
doi: 10.2337/dc14-2441
pubmed: 25538310
Napoli N, Chandran M, Pierroz DD, Abrahamsen B, v. Schwartz A, Ferrari SL. Mechanisms of diabetes mellitus-induced bone fragility. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017;13(4):208–19. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2016.153 .
doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.153
pubmed: 27658727
Palermo A, D’Onofrio L, Eastell R, v. Schwartz A, Pozzilli P, Napoli N. Oral anti-diabetic drugs and fracture risk, cut to the bone: safe or dangerous? A narrative review. Osteoporos Int. 2015;26(8):2073–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3123-0 .
doi: 10.1007/s00198-015-3123-0
pubmed: 25910746
Śmieszek A, Tomaszewski K, Kornicka K, Marycz K. Metformin promotes osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells and exerts pro-osteogenic effect stimulating bone regeneration. JCM. 2018;7(12):482. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7120482 .
doi: 10.3390/jcm7120482
pubmed: 30486321
pmcid: 6306720
Eller-Vainicher C, Cairoli E, Grassi G, et al. Pathophysiology and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus bone fragility. J Diabetes Res. 2020;2020:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7608964 .
doi: 10.1155/2020/7608964
Liu Q, Xu X, Yang Z, et al. Metformin alleviates the bone loss induced by ketogenic diet: an in vivo study in mice. Calcif Tissue Int. 2019;104(1):59–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-018-0468-3 .
doi: 10.1007/s00223-018-0468-3
pubmed: 30167745
Hidayat K, Du X, Wu M, Shi B. The use of metformin, insulin, sulphonylureas, and thiazolidinediones and the risk of fracture: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Obes Rev. 2019;20(10):1494–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12885 .
doi: 10.1111/obr.12885
pubmed: 31250977
Jackuliak P, Kužma M, Payer J. Effect of antidiabetic treatment on bone. Physiol Res. 2019;68(2):S107–S20. https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.934297 .
doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934297
pubmed: 31842574
Zhang YS, Zheng YD, Yuan Y, Chen SC, Xie BC. Effects of anti-diabetic drugs on fracture risk: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol. 2021; https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.735824 .
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.735824
List JF, Woo V, Morales E, Tang W, Fiedorek FT. Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes. diabetes Care. 2009;32(4):650–7. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1863 .
doi: 10.2337/dc08-1863
pubmed: 19114612
Nauck MA, Del Prato S, Meier JJ, et al. Dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with metformin. diabetes Care. 2011;34(9):2015–22. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-0606 .
doi: 10.2337/dc11-0606
pubmed: 21816980
pmcid: 3161265
Ljunggren Ö, Bolinder J, Johansson L, et al. Dapagliflozin has no effect on markers of bone formation and resorption or bone mineral density in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012;14(11):990–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01630.x .
doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01630.x
pubmed: 22651373
Watts NB, Bilezikian JP, Usiskin K, et al. Effects of canagliflozin on fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(1):157–66. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-3167 .
doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3167
pubmed: 26580237
Li X, Li T, Cheng Y, et al. Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on fractures and bone mineral density in type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019; https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3170 .
doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3170
pubmed: 31758631
pmcid: 6606362
Sanz C, Vázquez P, Blázquez C, Barrio PA, Alvarez MDM, Blázquez E. Signaling and biological effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010;298(3):E634–E43. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00460.2009 .
doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00460.2009
pubmed: 20040695
Kim JY, Lee SK, Jo KJ, et al. Exendin‑4 increases bone mineral density in type 2 diabetic OLETF rats potentially through the down-regulation of SOST/sclerostin in osteocytes. Life Sci. 2013;92(10):533–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2013.01.001 .
doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.01.001
pubmed: 23357248
Gilbert MP, Marre M, Holst JJ, et al. Comparison of the long-term effects of liraglutide and glimepiride monotherapy on bone mineral density in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocr Pract. 2016;22(4):406–11. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP15758.OR .
doi: 10.4158/EP15758.OR
pubmed: 26574791
Zhang YS, Zheng YD, Yuan Y, Chen SC, Xie BC. Effects of anti-diabetic drugs on fracture risk: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol. 2021; https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.735824 .
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.735824
Cheng L, Hu Y, Li Y, et al. Glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists and risk of bone fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019; https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3168 .
doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3168
pubmed: 31833236
Xie B, Chen S, Xu Y, et al. The impact of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on bone metabolism and its possible mechanisms in osteoporosis treatment. Front Pharmacol. 2021; https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.697442 .
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.697442
pubmed: 36338294
pmcid: 8721041
Mabilleau G, Mieczkowska A, Chappard D. Use of glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists and bone fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Diabetes. 2014;6(3):260–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.12102 .
doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12102
pubmed: 24164867
Su B, Sheng H, Zhang M, et al. Risk of bone fractures associated with glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists’ treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endocrine. 2015;48(1):107–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0361-4 .
doi: 10.1007/s12020-014-0361-4
pubmed: 25074632
Johnston SS, Conner C, Aagren M, Ruiz K, Bouchard J. Association between hypoglycaemic events and fall-related fractures in medicare-covered patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012;14(7):634–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01583.x .
doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01583.x
pubmed: 22335246
Cortet B, Lucas S, Legroux-Gerot I, Penel G, Chauveau C, Paccou J. Bone disorders associated with diabetes mellitus and its treatments. Joint Bone Spine. 2019;86(3):315–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2018.08.002 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2018.08.002
pubmed: 30098423
v. Schwartz A, Sellmeyer DE. Thiazolidinedione therapy gets complicated. diabetes Care. 2007;30(6):1670–1. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-0554 .
doi: 10.2337/dc07-0554
pubmed: 17526825
Lazarenko OP, Rzonca SO, Hogue WR, Swain FL, Suva LJ, Lecka-Czernik B. Rosiglitazone induces decreases in bone mass and strength that are reminiscent of aged bone. Endocrinology. 2007;148(6):2669–80. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1587 .
doi: 10.1210/en.2006-1587
pubmed: 17332064
Shockley KR, Lazarenko OP, Czernik PJ, Rosen CJ, Churchill GA, Lecka-Czernik B. PPARγ2 nuclear receptor controls multiple regulatory pathways of osteoblast differentiation from marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem. 2009;106(2):232–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.21994 .
doi: 10.1002/jcb.21994
pubmed: 19115254
pmcid: 2745312
Chen HH, Horng MH, Yeh SY, et al. Glycemic control with thiazolidinedione is associated with fracture of T2DM patients. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(8):e135530. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135530 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135530
pubmed: 26317995
pmcid: 4552881
Paschou SΑ, Dede AD, Anagnostis PG, Vryonidou A, Morganstein D, Goulis DG. Type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis: a guide to optimal management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(10):3621–34. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-00042 .
doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-00042
pubmed: 28938433
Viscoli CM, Inzucchi SE, Young LH, et al. Pioglitazone and risk for bone fracture: safety data from a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-3237 .
doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-3237
pmcid: 5460686
Melton LJ, Leibson CL, Achenbach SJ, Therneau TM, Khosla S. Fracture risk in type 2 diabetes: update of a population-based study. J Bone Miner Res. 2008;23(8):1334–42. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.080323 .
doi: 10.1359/jbmr.080323
pubmed: 18348689
pmcid: 2574704
Ivers RQ, Cumming RG, Mitchell P, Peduto AJ. Diabetes and risk of fracture. diabetes Care. 2001;24(7):1198–203. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.24.7.1198 .
doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.7.1198
pubmed: 11423502
Napoli N, Strotmeyer ES, Ensrud KE, et al. Fracture risk in diabetic elderly men: the MrOS study. Diabetologia. 2014;57(10):2057–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-014-3289-6 .
doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3289-6
pubmed: 24908567
pmcid: 4344350
v. Schwartz A, Sellmeyer DE, Ensrud KE, et al. Older women with diabetes have an increased risk of fracture: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(1):32–8. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.1.7139 .
doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.1.7139
pubmed: 11231974
Behanova M, Haschka J, Zwerina J, et al. The doubled burden of diabetic bone disease: hip fracture and post-hip fracture mortality. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021;184(5):627–36. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-20-1155 .
doi: 10.1530/EJE-20-1155
pubmed: 33630752
Wallander M, Axelsson KF, Nilsson AG, Lundh D, Lorentzon M. Type 2 diabetes and risk of hip fractures and non-skeletal fall injuries in the elderly: a study from the fractures and fall injuries in the elderly cohort (FRAILCO). J Bone Miner Res. 2017;32(3):449–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3002 .
doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3002
pubmed: 27664946
Leidig-Bruckner G, Grobholz S, Bruckner T, Scheidt-Nave C, Nawroth P, Schneider JG. Prevalence and determinants of osteoporosis in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Endocr Disord. 2014;14(1):33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6823-14-33 .
doi: 10.1186/1472-6823-14-33
pubmed: 24721668
pmcid: 4021186
Hauptverband der österreichischen Sozialversicherungsträger. Initiative „Arznei & Vernunft“ – ein gemeinsames Projekt von Hauptverband der österreichischen Sozialversicherungsträger, Pharmig, Österreichischer Ärztekammer und Österreichischer Apothekerkammer.. www.arzneiundvernunft.at/DE/Thema/Osteoporose1.aspx . Zugegriffen: 22. August 2022.
Hough FS, Pierroz DD, Cooper C, Ferrari SL, IOF CSA Bone and Diabetes Working Group. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: mechanisms and evaluation of bone fragility in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016;174(4):R127–38. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-15-0820 .
doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-0820
pubmed: 26537861
Ma L, Oei L, Jiang L, et al. Association between bone mineral density and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2012;27(5):319–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-012-9674-x .
doi: 10.1007/s10654-012-9674-x
pubmed: 22451239
pmcid: 3374119
Schacter GI, Leslie WD. DXA-based measurements in diabetes: can they predict fracture risk? Calcif Tissue Int. 2017;100(2):150–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-016-0191-x .
doi: 10.1007/s00223-016-0191-x
pubmed: 27591864
Leslie WD, Morin SN, Majumdar SR, Lix LM. Effects of obesity and diabetes on rate of bone density loss. Osteoporos Int. 2018;29(1):61–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4223-9 .
doi: 10.1007/s00198-017-4223-9
pubmed: 28917003
Muschitz C, Kocijan R, Haschka J, et al. TBS reflects trabecular microarchitecture in premenopausal women and men with idiopathic osteoporosis and low-traumatic fractures. Bone. 2015;79:259–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.06.007 .
doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.06.007
pubmed: 26092650
McCloskey EV, Odén A, Harvey NC, et al. A meta-analysis of trabecular bone score in fracture risk prediction and its relationship to FRAX. J Bone Miner Res. 2016;31(5):940–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2734 .
doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2734
pubmed: 26498132
Leslie WD, Aubry-Rozier B, Lamy O, Hans D. TBS (trabecular bone score) and diabetes-related fracture risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(2):602–9. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-3118 .
doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-3118
pubmed: 23341489
Yamaguchi T, Yamamoto M, Kanazawa I, et al. Quantitative ultrasound and vertebral fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Bone Miner Metab. 2011;29(5):626–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-011-0265-9 .
doi: 10.1007/s00774-011-0265-9
pubmed: 21437613
Nilsson AG, Sundh D, Johansson L, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with better bone microarchitecture but lower bone material strength and poorer physical function in elderly women: a population-based study. J Bone Miner Res. 2017;32(5):1062–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3057 .
doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3057
pubmed: 27943408
Patsch JM, Rasul S, Huber FA, et al. Similarities in trabecular hypertrophy with site-specific differences in cortical morphology between men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(4):e174664. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174664 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174664
pubmed: 28384358
pmcid: 5383225
Ferrari S. Diabetes and bone. Calcif Tissue Int. 2017;100(2):107–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-017-0234-y .
doi: 10.1007/s00223-017-0234-y
pubmed: 28180918
Manavalan JS, Cremers S, Dempster DW, et al. Circulating osteogenic precursor cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(9):3240–50. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1546 .
doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-1546
pubmed: 22740707
pmcid: 3431571
Tanaka S, Kuroda T, Saito M, Shiraki M. Urinary pentosidine improves risk classification using fracture risk assessment tools for postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26(11):2778–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.467 .
doi: 10.1002/jbmr.467
pubmed: 21773990
Ardawi MSM, Akhbar DH, AlShaikh A, et al. Increased serum sclerostin and decreased serum IGF‑1 are associated with vertebral fractures among postmenopausal women with type‑2 diabetes. Bone. 2013;56(2):355–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2013.06.029 .
doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.06.029
pubmed: 23845326
Starup-Linde J, Lykkeboe S, Gregersen S, et al. Bone structure and predictors of fracture in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(3):928–36. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-3882 .
doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3882
pubmed: 26756117
Morales-Santana S, García-Fontana B, García-Martín A, et al. Atherosclerotic disease in type 2 diabetes is associated with an increase in sclerostin levels. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(6):1667–74. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1691 .
doi: 10.2337/dc12-1691
pubmed: 23288857
pmcid: 3661830
Kurban S, Selver Eklioglu B, Selver MB. Investigation of the relationship between serum sclerostin and dickkopf‑1 protein levels with bone turnover in children and adolescents with type‑1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2022;35(5):673–9. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0001 .
doi: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0001
pubmed: 35411762
Tsentidis C, Gourgiotis D, Kossiva L, Marmarinos A, Doulgeraki A, Karavanaki K. Increased levels of Dickkopf‑1 are indicative of Wnt/β-catenin downregulation and lower osteoblast signaling in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, contributing to lower bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(3):945–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-016-3802-5 .
doi: 10.1007/s00198-016-3802-5
pubmed: 27766367
Garcia-Martín A, Reyes-Garcia R, García-Fontana B, et al. Relationship of Dickkopf1 (DKK1) with cardiovascular disease and bone metabolism in caucasian type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e111703. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111703 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111703
pubmed: 25369286
pmcid: 4219763
Hildebrandt N, Colditz J, Dutra C, et al. Role of osteogenic Dickkopf‑1 in bone remodeling and bone healing in mice with type I diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1920. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81543-7 .
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81543-7
pubmed: 33479403
pmcid: 7820472
Pepe J, Bonnet N, Herrmann FR, et al. Interaction between LRP5 and periostin gene polymorphisms on serum periostin levels and cortical bone microstructure. Osteoporos Int. 2018;29(2):339–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4272-0 .
doi: 10.1007/s00198-017-4272-0
pubmed: 29038835
Heilmeier U, Hackl M, Skalicky S, et al. Serum miRNA signatures are indicative of skeletal fractures in postmenopausal women with and without type 2 diabetes and influence osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. J Bone Miner Res. 2016;31(12):2173–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2897 .
doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2897
pubmed: 27345526
Feichtinger X, Muschitz C, Heimel P, et al. Bone-related circulating MicroRNAs miR-29b-3p, miR-550a-3p, and miR-324-3p and their association to bone microstructure and histomorphometry. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):4867. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22844-2 .
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22844-2
pubmed: 29559644
pmcid: 5861059
Dachverband Osteologie e. V.. Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie der Osteoporose. 2017.
Li X, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Wang P, Zhang Y. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2018; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030375 .
doi: 10.3390/nu10030375
pubmed: 30577661
pmcid: 6357009
Hajhashemy Z, Rouhani P, Saneei P. Dietary calcium intake in relation to type‑2 diabetes and hyperglycemia in adults: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Sci Rep. 2022; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05144-8 .
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05144-8
pubmed: 36402830
pmcid: 9675810
Ferrari SL, Abrahamsen B, Napoli N, et al. Diagnosis and management of bone fragility in diabetes: an emerging challenge. Osteoporos Int. 2018;29(12):2585–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4650-2 .
doi: 10.1007/s00198-018-4650-2
pubmed: 30066131
pmcid: 6267152
Tsourdi E, Makras P, Rachner TD, et al. Denosumab effects on bone density and turnover in postmenopausal women with low bone mass with or without previous treatment. Bone. 2019;120:44–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.001 .
doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.001
pubmed: 30292818
Hamann C, Rauner M, Höhna Y, et al. Sclerostin antibody treatment improves bone mass, bone strength, and bone defect regeneration in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Bone Miner Res. 2013;28(3):627–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.1803 .
doi: 10.1002/jbmr.1803
pubmed: 23109114
Saag KG, Petersen J, Brandi ML, et al. Romosozumab or alendronate for fracture prevention in women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(15):1417–27. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1708322 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1708322
pubmed: 28892457
World Health Organization (WHO). Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis : report of a WHO study group. 1994. Meeting Held in Rome from 22 to 25 June 1992.
FRAX.. www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX . Zugegriffen: 8. Juni 2022.
Giangregorio LM, Leslie WD, Lix LM, et al. FRAX underestimates fracture risk in patients with diabetes. J Bone Miner Res. 2012;27(2):301–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.556 .
doi: 10.1002/jbmr.556
pubmed: 22052532
Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J, Pacini G. Sex and gender differences in risk, pathophysiology and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Rev. 2016;37(3):278–316. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2015-1137 .
doi: 10.1210/er.2015-1137
pubmed: 27159875
pmcid: 4890267
Harding JL, Pavkov ME, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE, Gregg EW. Global trends in diabetes complications: a review of current evidence. Diabetologia. 2019;62(1):3–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4711-2 .
doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4711-2
pubmed: 30171279
Francesconi C, Niebauer J, Haber P, Weitgasser R, Lackinger C. Lebensstil: körperliche Aktivität und Training in der Prävention und Therapie des Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus (Update 2019). Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2019;131(S1):61–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-019-1457-x .
doi: 10.1007/s00508-019-1457-x
pubmed: 30980166
LeRoith D, Biessels GJ, Braithwaite SS, et al. Treatment of diabetes in older adults: an endocrine society* clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(5):1520–74. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00198 .
doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-00198
pubmed: 30903688
pmcid: 7271968
International Osteoporosis Foundation. Exercise.. www.osteoporosis.foundation/patients/prevention/exercise . Zugegriffen: 22. August 2022.
Beck BR, Daly RM, Singh MAF, Taaffe DR. Exercise and sports science Australia (ESSA) position statement on exercise prescription for the prevention and management of osteoporosis. J Sci Med Sport. 2017;20(5):438–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.10.001 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.10.001
pubmed: 27840033
Xu J, Lombardi G, Jiao W, Banfi G. Effects of exercise on bone status in female subjects, from young girls to postmenopausal women: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Sports Med. 2016;46(8):1165–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0494-0 .
doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0494-0
pubmed: 26856338
v. Papa E, Dong X, Hassan M. Resistance training for activity limitations in older adults with skeletal muscle function deficits: a systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:955–61. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S104674 .
doi: 10.2147/CIA.S104674
pubmed: 28670114
pmcid: 5479297
Ikedo A, Kido K, Ato S, et al. The effects of resistance training on bone mineral density and bone quality in type 2 diabetic rats. Physiol Rep. 2019; https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14046 .
doi: 10.14814/phy2.14046
pubmed: 30916457
pmcid: 6436184
Maggio ABR, Rizzoli RR, Marchand LM, Ferrari S, Beghetti M, Farpour-Lambert NJ. Physical activity increases bone mineral density in children with type 1 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(7):1206–11. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182496a25 .
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182496a25
pubmed: 22246217
Daly RM, Dunstan DW, Owen N, Jolley D, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ. Does high-intensity resistance training maintain bone mass during moderate weight loss in older overweight adults with type 2 diabetes? Osteoporos Int. 2005;16(12):1703–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-005-1906-4 .
doi: 10.1007/s00198-005-1906-4
pubmed: 15937634
Bello M, Sousa MC, Neto G, et al. The effect of a long-term, community-based exercise program on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. J Hum Kinet. 2014;43(1):43–8. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0088 .
doi: 10.2478/hukin-2014-0088
pubmed: 25713643
pmcid: 4332183
Abildgaard J, Johansen MY, Skov-Jeppesen K, et al. Effects of a lifestyle intervention on bone turnover in persons with type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the U‑TURN trial. med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022;54(1):38–46. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002776 .
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002776
pubmed: 34431828
Al Dahamsheh Z, Al Rashdan K, Al Hadid A, Jaradat R, Al Bakheet M, Bataineh ZS. The impact of aerobic exercise on female bone health indicators. Med Arch. 2019;73(1):35–8. https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2019.73.35-38 .
doi: 10.5455/medarh.2019.73.35-38
pubmed: 31097858
pmcid: 6445629
Alghadir AH, Aly FA, Gabr SA. Effect of moderate aerobic training on bone metabolism indices among adult humans. Pak J Med Sci. 2014;30(4):840–4. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.304.4624 .
doi: 10.12669/pjms.304.4624
pubmed: 25097528
pmcid: 4121709
Benedetti MG, Furlini G, Zati A, Mauro GL. The effectiveness of physical exercise on bone density in osteoporotic patients. Biomed Res Int. 2018; https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4840531 .
doi: 10.1155/2018/4840531
pubmed: 30671455
pmcid: 6323511
Martin D, Notelovitz M. Effects of aerobic training on bone mineral density of postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 1993;8(8):931–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650080805 .
doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650080805
pubmed: 8213255
Tomlin DL, Wenger HA. The relationship between aerobic fitness and recovery from high intensity intermittent exercise. Sports Med. 2001;31(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131010-00001 .
doi: 10.2165/00007256-200131010-00001
pubmed: 11219498
Sherrington C, Fairhall NJ, Wallbank GK, et al. Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;1:204–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012424.pub2 .
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012424.pub2
Hewston P, Deshpande N. Fear of falling and balance confidence in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scoping review. Can J Diabetes. 2018;42(6):664–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.02.009 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.02.009
pubmed: 29914779
Stolarczyk A, Jarzemski I, Maciąg BM, Radzimowski K, Świercz M, Stolarczyk M. Balance and motion coordination parameters can be improved in patients with type 2 diabetes with physical balance training: non-randomized controlled trial. BMC Endocr Disord. 2021; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00804-8 .
doi: 10.1186/s12902-021-00804-8
pubmed: 34217288
pmcid: 8255022
Martínez-López Emilio EJ, Hita-Contreras F, Jiménez-Lara PM, Latorre-Román P, Martínez-Amat A. The association of flexibility, balance, and lumbar strength with balance ability: risk of falls in older adults. J Sports Sci Med. 2014;13(2):349–57.
Pyatak EA, Carandang K, Vigen CLP, et al. Occupational therapy intervention improves glycemic control and quality of life among young adults with diabetes: the resilient, empowered, active living with diabetes (REAL diabetes) randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(4):696–704. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-1634 .
doi: 10.2337/dc17-1634
pubmed: 29351961
pmcid: 5860833
Frenkel Rutenberg T, Vintenberg M, Khamudis A, et al. Outcome of fragility hip fractures in elderly patients: does diabetes mellitus and its severity matter? Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2021; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104297 .
doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104297
pubmed: 33248319
Kerschan-Schindl K, Preisinger E. Rehabilitation Bei Osteoporose. In: Crevenna R, Hrsg. Kompendium Physikalische Medizin Und Rehabilitation: Diagnostische Und Therapeutische Konzepte. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49035-8 .
doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-49035-8
Peters A, Friebe H. Osteoporose: Diagnostik – Prävention – Therapie. In: Stein V, Greitemann B, Hrsg. Rehabilitation in Orthopädie Und Unfallchirurgie. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015. S. 246–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-44999-4 .
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-44999-4
Shigenobu K, Hashimoto T, Kanayama M, Ohha H, Yamane S. The efficacy of osteoporotic treatment in patients with new spinal vertebral compression fracture pain, ADL, QOL, bone metabolism and fracture-healing—In comparison with weekly teriparatide with bisphosphonate. Bone Rep. 2019; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100217 .
doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100217
pubmed: 31440529
pmcid: 6700423
Chinipardaz Z, Liu M, Graves D, Yang S. Diabetes impairs fracture healing through disruption of cilia formation in osteoblasts. Bone. 2021; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2021.116176 .
doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116176
pubmed: 34508881
pmcid: 9160738
Giangregorio LM, Ponzano M. Exercise and physical activity in individuals at risk of fracture. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;36(2):101613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2021.101613 .
doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101613
pubmed: 35210190
Belzl H, Ernst U, Heining S, et al. Nachbehandlungsempfehlungen 2021: Arbeitskreis Nachbehandlungsempfehlungen, Sektion Physikalische Therapie Und Rehabilitation Der DGOU. 2021.
Watson SL, Weeks BK, Weis LJ, Harding AT, Horan SA, Beck BR. High-intensity exercise did not cause vertebral fractures and improves thoracic kyphosis in postmenopausal women with low to very low bone mass: the LIFTMOR trial. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(5):957–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-04829-z .
doi: 10.1007/s00198-018-04829-z
pubmed: 30612163
Harding AT, Weeks BK, Lambert C, Watson SL, Weis LJ, Beck BR. Exploring thoracic kyphosis and incident fracture from vertebral morphology with high-intensity exercise in middle-aged and older men with osteopenia and osteoporosis: a secondary analysis of the LIFTMOR‑M trial. Osteoporos Int. 2021;32(3):451–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05583-x .
doi: 10.1007/s00198-020-05583-x
pubmed: 32935171
Heisel J. Spezifische Behandlungsstrategien in der orthopädisch-traumatologischen Rehabilitation. In: Stein V, Greitemann B, Hrsg. Rehabilitation in Orthopädie Und Unfallchirurgie. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015. S. 137–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-44999-4 .
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-44999-4
Pils K. Rehabilitation in der Geriatrie. In: Crevenna R, Hrsg. Kompendium Physikalische Medizin Und Rehabilitation: Diagnostische Und Therapeutische Konzepte. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2017. S. 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49035-8 .
doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-49035-8
Gimigliano F, Liguori S, Moretti A, et al. Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for adults with fractures: identification of best evidence for rehabilitation to develop the WHO’s package of interventions for rehabilitation. J Orthop Traumatol. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1186/s10195-020-00560-w .
doi: 10.1186/s10195-020-00560-w
pubmed: 33188610
pmcid: 7666651
Pieber K. Rehabilitation bei Sportverletzungen. In: Crevenna R, Hrsg. Kompendium Physikalische Medizin Und Rehabilitation. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer; 2017. S. 279–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49035-8 .
doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-49035-8