Chemical targets to deactivate biological and chemical toxins using surfaces and fabrics.
Journal
Nature reviews. Chemistry
ISSN: 2397-3358
Titre abrégé: Nat Rev Chem
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101703631
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jun 2021
Jun 2021
Historique:
accepted:
24
03
2021
medline:
1
6
2021
pubmed:
1
6
2021
entrez:
28
4
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The most recent global health and economic crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has shown us that it is vital to be prepared for the next global threat, be it caused by pollutants, chemical toxins or biohazards. Therefore, we need to develop environments in which infectious diseases and dangerous chemicals cannot be spread or misused so easily. Especially, those who put themselves in situations of most exposure - doctors, nurses and those protecting and caring for the safety of others - should be adequately protected. In this Review, we explore how the development of coatings for surfaces and functionalized fabrics can help to accelerate the inactivation of biological and chemical toxins. We start by looking at recent advancements in the use of metal and metal-oxide-based catalysts for the inactivation of pathogenic threats, with a focus on identifying specific chemical bonds that can be targeted. We then discuss the use of metal-organic frameworks on textiles for the capture and degradation of various chemical warfare agents and their simulants, their long-term efficacy and the challenges they face.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37118021
doi: 10.1038/s41570-021-00275-4
pii: 10.1038/s41570-021-00275-4
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
370-387Informations de copyright
© 2021. Springer Nature Limited.
Références
Stevens, P. Diseases of Poverty and the 10/90 Gap (National Prevention Information Network
Human Wrongs Watch. How air pollution is destroying our health. Human Wrongs Watch https://human-wrongs-watch.net/2019/06/04/how-air-pollution-is-destroying-our-health/ (2019).
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (2005).
Perper, R. Over 10,000 tear gas canisters have been fired in Hong Kong’s vicious protests, and it could have long-term consequences for the city’s health. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/experts-long-term-effects-tear-gas-exposure-hong-kong-2020-1 (2020).
Dodd, V., Harding, L. & MacAskill, E. Sergei Skripal: former Russian spy poisoned with nerve agent, say police. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/07/russian-spy-police-appeal-for-witnesses-as-cobra-meeting-takes-place (2018).
BBC News. Syria war: What we know about Douma ‘chemical attack’. BBC https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-43697084 (2018).
Skurie, J. How does a gas mask protect against chemical warfare? National Geographic https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/9/130830-gas-masks-syria-israel-chemical-warfare/ (2013).
Giannakoudakis, D. A. & Bandosz, T. J. in Detoxification of Chemical Warfare Agents Ch. 2 (Springer, 2017).
Eitzen, E. M., & Takafuji, E. T. in Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare Ch.18 (Office of The Surgeon General Borden Institute, 1997).
Christopher, L. G. W. Biological warfare a historical perspective. J. Am. Medic. Assoc. 278, 412–417 (1997).
doi: 10.1001/jama.1997.03550050074036
Riedel, S. Biological warfare and bioterrorism: a historical review. Bayl. Univ. Med. Cent. Proc. 17, 400–406 (2004).
doi: 10.1080/08998280.2004.11928002
Barras, V. & Greub, G. History of biological warfare and bioterrorism. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 20, 497–502 (2014).
pubmed: 24894605
doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12706
World Health Organization. Cholera situation in Yemen: Governorate cases deaths CFR (2020).
Sondi, I. & Salopek-Sondi, B. Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 275, 177–182 (2004).
pubmed: 15158396
doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.012
Fernandes, J. C. et al. Antimicrobial effects of chitosans and chitooligosaccharides, upon Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, in food model systems. Food Microbiol. 25, 922–928 (2008).
pubmed: 18721683
doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2008.05.003
Guo, B., Pasco, E. V., Xagoraraki, I. & Tarabara, V. V. Virus removal and inactivation in a hybrid microfiltration–UV process with a photocatalytic membrane. Sep. Purif. Technol. 149, 245–254 (2015).
doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.05.039
Liga, M. V., Bryant, E. L., Colvin, V. L. & Li, Q. Virus inactivation by silver doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles for drinking water treatment. Water Res. 45, 535–544 (2011).
pubmed: 20926111
doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.012
Liga, M. V., Maguire-Boyle, S. J., Jafry, H. R., Barron, A. R. & Li, Q. Silica decorated TiO
pubmed: 23706000
doi: 10.1021/es400196p
Han, J. et al. Efficient and quick inactivation of SARS coronavirus and other microbes exposed to the surfaces of some metal catalysts. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 18, 176–180 (2005).
pubmed: 16131020
Macomber, L. & Imlay, J. A. The iron-sulfur clusters of dehydratases are primary intracellular targets of copper toxicity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 8344–8349 (2009).
pubmed: 19416816
pmcid: 2688863
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0812808106
Rao, P. V. & Holm, R. H. Synthetic analogues of the active sites of iron–sulfur proteins. Chem. Rev. 104, 527–559 (2004).
doi: 10.1021/cr020615+
Chaturvedi, K. S. & Henderson, J. P. Pathogenic adaptations to host-derived antibacterial copper. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 4, 3 (2014).
pubmed: 24551598
pmcid: 3909829
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00003
Lemire, J. A., Harrison, J. J. & Turner, R. J. Antimicrobial activity of metals: mechanisms, molecular targets and applications. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 11, 371–384 (2013).
pubmed: 23669886
doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3028
Stanić, V. et al. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of copper and zinc-doped hydroxyapatite nanopowders. Appl. Surf. Sci. 256, 6083–6089 (2010).
doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.03.124
He, H. et al. Catalytic inactivation of SARS coronavirus, Escherichia coli and yeast on solid surface. Catal. Commun. 5, 170–172 (2004).
pubmed: 32288691
pmcid: 7129964
doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2003.12.009
Salleh, A. et al. The potential of silver nanoparticles for antiviral and antibacterial applications: a mechanism of action. Nanomaterials 10, 1566 (2020).
pmcid: 7466543
doi: 10.3390/nano10081566
Elechiguerra, J. L. et al. Interaction of silver nanoparticles with HIV-1. J. Nanobiotechnol. 3, 6 (2005).
doi: 10.1186/1477-3155-3-6
Pal, S., Tak, Y. K. & Song, J. M. Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 1712–1720 (2007).
pubmed: 17261510
pmcid: 1828795
doi: 10.1128/AEM.02218-06
Prabhu, S. & Poulose, E. K. Silver nanoparticles: mechanism of antimicrobial action, synthesis, medical applications, and toxicity effects. Int. Nano Lett. 2, 32 (2012).
doi: 10.1186/2228-5326-2-32
Wang, C., Qian, X. & An, X. In situ green preparation and antibacterial activity of copper-based metal–organic frameworks/cellulose fibers (HKUST-1/CF) composite. Cellulose 22, 3789–3797 (2015).
doi: 10.1007/s10570-015-0754-4
Rodríguez, H. S., Hinestroza, J. P., Ochoa-Puentes, C., Sierra, C. A. & Soto, C. Y. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli of Cu-BTC (MOF-199) metal-organic framework immobilized onto cellulosic fibers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 131, 40815 (2014).
doi: 10.1002/app.40815
Tamames-Tabar, C. et al. A Zn azelate MOF: combining antibacterial effect. Cryst. Eng. Comm. 17, 456–462 (2015).
doi: 10.1039/C4CE00885E
Aguado, S. et al. Antimicrobial activity of cobalt imidazolate metal–organic frameworks. Chemosphere 113, 188–192 (2014).
pubmed: 25065809
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.029
Berchel, M. et al. A silver-based metal–organic framework material as a ‘reservoir’ of bactericidal metal ions. New J. Chem. 35, 1000–1003 (2011).
doi: 10.1039/c1nj20202b
Restrepo, J. et al. An antibacterial Zn-MOF with hydrazinebenzoate linkers. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2017, 574–580 (2017).
doi: 10.1002/ejic.201601185
Liu, Y., Xu, X., Xia, Q., Yuan, G. & Cui, Y. Multiple topological isomerism of three-connected networks in silver-based metal–organoboron frameworks. Chem. Commun. 46, 2608–2610 (2010).
doi: 10.1039/b923365b
Aryanejad, S., Bagherzade, G. & Moudi, M. Green synthesis and characterization of novel Mn-MOFs with catalytic and antibacterial potentials. New J. Chem. 44, 1508–1516 (2020).
doi: 10.1039/C9NJ04977K
Zhang, D., Zhou, Y., Cuan, J. & Gan, N. A lanthanide functionalized MOF hybrid for ratiometric luminescence detection of an anthrax biomarker. Cryst. Eng. Comm. 20, 1264–1270 (2018).
doi: 10.1039/C7CE01994G
Emam, H. E., Darwesh, O. M. & Abdelhameed, R. M. In-growth metal organic framework/synthetic hybrids as antimicrobial fabrics and its toxicity. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 165, 219–228 (2018).
pubmed: 29486450
doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.028
Quirós, J. et al. Antimicrobial metal–organic frameworks incorporated into electrospun fibers. Chem. Eng. J. 262, 189–197 (2015).
doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2014.09.104
Fagan, R., McCormack, D. E., Dionysiou, D. D. & Pillai, S. C. A review of solar and visible light active TiO
doi: 10.1016/j.mssp.2015.07.052
Fujishima, A., Zhang, X. & Tryk, D. A. TiO
doi: 10.1016/j.surfrep.2008.10.001
Huang, Z. et al. Bactericidal mode of titanium dioxide photocatalysis. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 130, 163–170 (2000).
doi: 10.1016/S1010-6030(99)00205-1
Yu, J. C., Ho, W., Lin, J., Yip, H. & Wong, P. K. Photocatalytic activity, antibacterial effect, and photoinduced hydrophilicity of TiO
pubmed: 12785540
doi: 10.1021/es0259483
Fang, F. C. Antimicrobial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Concepts and controversies. Nat. Rev. Microb. 2, 820–832 (2004).
doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1004
Liu, Y., Wang, X., Yang, F. & Yang, X. Excellent antimicrobial properties of mesoporous anatase TiO
doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2008.01.032
Cho, M., Chung, H., Choi, W. & Yoon, J. Different inactivation behaviors of MS-2 phage and Escherichia coli in TiO
pubmed: 15640197
pmcid: 544209
doi: 10.1128/AEM.71.1.270-275.2005
Li, Q., Page, M. A., Mariñas, B. J. & Shang, J. K. Treatment of coliphage MS2 with palladium-modified nitrogen-doped titanium oxide photocatalyst illuminated by visible light. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 6148–6153 (2008).
pubmed: 18767679
doi: 10.1021/es7026086
Sahariah, P. & Másson, M. Antimicrobial chitosan and chitosan derivatives: a review of the structure–activity relationship. Biomacromolecules 18, 3846–3868 (2017).
pubmed: 28933147
doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01058
Duan, J., Park, S.-I., Daeschel, M. A. & Zhao, Y. Antimicrobial chitosan-lysozyme (CL) films and coatings for enhancing microbial safety of mozzarella cheese. J. Food Sci. 72, M355–M362 (2007).
pubmed: 18034728
doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00556.x
Chirkov, S. N. The antiviral activity of chitosan (review). Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 38, 1–8 (2002).
doi: 10.1023/A:1013206517442
Raut, A. V., Yadav, H. M., Gnanamani, A., Pushpavanam, S. & Pawar, S. H. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-TiO
pubmed: 27693718
doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.09.028
Zhang, X. et al. Preparation of chitosan-TiO
pubmed: 28504125
doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.073
Xu, Y., Wen, W. & Wu, J.-M. Titania nanowires functionalized polyester fabrics with enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial performances. J. Hazard. Mater. 343, 285–297 (2018).
pubmed: 28988054
doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.044
Tahmasebizad, N., Hamedani, M. T., Shaban Ghazani, M. & Pazhuhanfar, Y. Photocatalytic activity and antibacterial behavior of TiO
doi: 10.1007/s10971-019-05085-1
Dai, W. X. et al. Influence of pH value of TiO
doi: 10.1179/174329408X326498
van Doremalen, N. et al. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 1564–1567 (2020).
pubmed: 32182409
doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2004973
Ornstein, J. et al. SARS-CoV-2 inactivation potential of metal organic framework induced photocatalysis. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.01.20204214 (2020).
Lan, G. et al. Titanium-based nanoscale metal–organic framework for type I photodynamic therapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 4204–4208 (2019).
pubmed: 30779556
doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b13804
Alzate-Sánchez, D. M., Smith, B. J., Alsbaiee, A., Hinestroza, J. P. & Dichtel, W. R. Cotton fabric functionalized with a β-cyclodextrin polymer captures organic pollutants from contaminated air and water. Chem. Mater. 28, 8340–8346 (2016).
doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b03624
Cohen, N. Ikea curtains break down pollutants, highlight interest in fabric purifiers. Tech Xplore https://techxplore.com/news/2019-02-ikea-curtains-pollutants-highlight-fabric.html (2019)
Howarth, A. J., Majewski, M. B. & Farha, O. K. in Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Environmental Applications Ch 6. 179-202 (Elsevier, 2019).
Liu, Y. et al. Catalytic degradation of chemical warfare agents and their simulants by metal-organic frameworks. Coord. Chem. Rev. 346, 101–111 (2017).
doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.11.008
Islamoglu, T. et al. Metal–organic frameworks against toxic chemicals. Chem. Rev. 120, 8130–8160 (2020).
pubmed: 32207607
doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00828
Kirlikovali, K. O., Chen, Z., Islamoglu, T., Hupp, J. T. & Farha, O. K. Zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks for the catalytic hydrolysis of organophosphorus nerve agents. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 14702–14720 (2020).
pubmed: 31951378
doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b20154
Grissom, T. G. et al. Metal–organic framework- and polyoxometalate-based sorbents for the uptake and destruction of chemical warfare agents. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 14641–14661 (2020).
pubmed: 31994872
doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b20833
Decoste, J. B. & Peterson, G. W. Metal–organic frameworks for air purification of toxic chemicals. Chem. Rev. 114, 5695–5727 (2014).
pubmed: 24750116
doi: 10.1021/cr4006473
Liu, Y. et al. Efficient and selective oxidation of sulfur mustard using singlet oxygen generated by a pyrene-based metal–organic framework. J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 13809–13813 (2016).
doi: 10.1039/C6TA05903A
Agrawal, M., Gallis, D. F. S., Greathouse, J. A. & Sholl, D. S. How useful are common simulants of chemical warfare agents at predicting adsorption behavior? J. Phys. Chem. C 122, 26061–26069 (2018).
doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b08856
Newmark, J. Nerve agents. Neurologist 13, 20–32 (2007).
pubmed: 17215724
doi: 10.1097/01.nrl.0000252923.04894.53
Mercey, G. et al. Reactivators of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by organophosphorus nerve agents. Acc. Chem. Res. 45, 756–766 (2012).
pubmed: 22360473
doi: 10.1021/ar2002864
Szinicz, L. History of chemical and biological warfare agents. Toxicology 214, 167–181 (2005).
pubmed: 16111798
doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2005.06.011
Talmage, S. S., Watson, A. P., Hauschild, V., Munro, N. B. & King, J. Chemical warfare agent degradation and decontamination. Curr. Org. Chem. 11, 285–298 (2007).
doi: 10.2174/138527207779940892
Zou, R. et al. A porous metal–organic replica of α-PbO
pubmed: 21138256
doi: 10.1021/ja101440z
Bromberg, L. et al. Alkylaminopyridine-modified aluminum aminoterephthalate metal-organic frameworks as components of reactive self-detoxifying materials. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4, 4595–4602 (2012).
pubmed: 22871803
doi: 10.1021/am3009696
Jiang, H., Feng, D., Liu, T., Li, J. J. & Zhou, H. J. Pore surface engineering with controlled loadings of functional groups via click chemistry in highly stable metal–organic frameworks. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 14690–14693 (2012).
pubmed: 22906023
doi: 10.1021/ja3063919
Balow, R. B. et al. Environmental effects on zirconium hydroxide nanoparticles and chemical warfare agent decomposition: implications of atmospheric water and carbon dioxide. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 39747–39757 (2017).
pubmed: 29053242
doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b10902
Klet, R. C., Liu, Y., Wang, T. C., Hupp, T. & Farha, O. K. Evaluation of Brønsted acidity and proton topology in Zr- and Hf-based metal–organic frameworks using potentiometric acid–base titration. J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 1479–1485 (2016).
doi: 10.1039/C5TA07687K
Howarth, A. J. et al. Chemical, thermal and mechanical stabilities of metal–organic frameworks. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1, 15018 (2016).
doi: 10.1038/natrevmats.2015.18
Troya, D. Reaction mechanism of nerve-agent decomposition with Zr-based metal organic frameworks. J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 29312–29323 (2016).
doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10530
Katz, M. J. et al. Simple and compelling biomimetic metal–organic framework catalyst for the degradation of nerve agent simulants. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 497–501 (2014).
doi: 10.1002/anie.201307520
Katz, M. J. et al. Exploiting parameter space in MOFs: a 20-fold enhancement of phosphate-ester hydrolysis with UiO-66-NH
pubmed: 29308142
pmcid: 5645779
doi: 10.1039/C4SC03613A
Ryu, S. G. et al. Availability of Zr-based MOFs for the degradation of nerve agents in all humidity conditions. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 274, 9–16 (2019).
doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.07.027
de Koning, M. C., van Grol, M. & Breijaert, T. Degradation of paraoxon and the chemical warfare agents VX, tabun, and soman by the metal–organic frameworks UiO-66-NH
pubmed: 28926222
doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01809
de Koning, M. C., Peterson, G. W., Van Grol, M., Iordanov, I. & McEntee, M. Degradation and detection of the nerve agent VX by a chromophore-functionalized zirconium MOF. Chem. Mater. 31, 7417–7424 (2019).
doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b02073
Khateri, S., Ghanei, M., Keshavarz, S., Soroush, M. & Haines, D. Incidence of lung, eye, and skin lesions as late complications in 34,000 Iranians with wartime exposure to mustard agent. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 45, 1136–1143 (2003).
pubmed: 14610394
doi: 10.1097/01.jom.0000094993.20914.d1
Munro, N. B. et al. The sources, fate, and toxicity of chemical warfare agent degradation products. Environ. Health Perspect. 107, 933–974 (1999).
pubmed: 10585900
pmcid: 1566810
doi: 10.1289/ehp.99107933
Weetman, C., Notman, S. & Arnold, P. L. Destruction of chemical warfare agent simulants by air and moisture stable metal NHC complexes. Dalton Trans. 47, 2568–2574 (2018).
pubmed: 29384545
doi: 10.1039/C7DT04805J
Roy, A. et al. Kinetics of degradation of sulfur mustard and sarin simulants on HKUST-1 metal organic framework. Dalton Trans. 41, 12346–12348 (2012).
pubmed: 22986457
doi: 10.1039/c2dt31888a
Kumar, V. & Anslyn, E. V. A selective and sensitive chromogenic and fluorogenic detection of a sulfur mustard simulant. Chem. Sci. 4, 4292–4297 (2013).
doi: 10.1039/c3sc52259h
Pereira, C. F. et al. Detoxification of a mustard-gas simulant by nanosized porphyrin-based metal–organic frameworks. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2, 465–469 (2019).
doi: 10.1021/acsanm.8b02014
Liu, Y., Moon, S., Hupp, J. T. & Farha, O. K. Dual-function metal–organic framework as a versatile catalyst for detoxifying chemical warfare agent simulants. ACS Nano 9, 12358–12364 (2015).
pubmed: 26482030
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05660
Son, F. A. et al. Uncovering the role of metal–organic framework topology on the capture and reactivity of chemical warfare agents. Chem. Mater. 32, 4609–4617 (2020).
doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c00986
Lee, D. T., Jamir, J. D., Peterson, G. W. & Parsons, G. N. Protective fabrics: metal-organic framework textiles for rapid photocatalytic sulfur mustard simulant detoxification. Matter 2, 404–415 (2020).
doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2019.11.005
Shen, C. et al. Catalytic MOF-loaded cellulose sponge for rapid degradation of chemical warfare agents simulant. Carbohydr. Polym. 213, 184–191 (2019).
pubmed: 30879659
doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.044
Kalinovskyy, Y. et al. Swell and destroy: a metal–organic framework-containing polymer sponge that immobilizes and catalytically degrades nerve agents. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 8634–8641 (2020).
pubmed: 31990517
doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b18478
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Practical Guide for Medical Management of Chemical Warfare Casualties (Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, 2019).
Cowsar, D. R., Dunn, R. L. & Casper, R. A. Process for decontaminating military nerve and blister agents. US Patent US4784699A (1988).
Phadatare, A. & Kandasubramanian, B. Metal organic framework functionalized fabrics for detoxification of chemical warfare agents. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 59, 569–586 (2020).
doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06695
Ma, K. et al. Fiber composites of metal–organic frameworks. Chem. Mater. 32, 7120–7140 (2020).
doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02379
Zhao, J. et al. Ultra-fast degradation of chemical warfare agents using MOF–nanofiber kebabs. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 13224–13228 (2016).
doi: 10.1002/anie.201606656
Kalaj, M. & Cohen, S. M. Spray-coating of catalytically Active MOF–polythiourea through postsynthetic polymerization. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59, 13984–13989 (2020).
doi: 10.1002/anie.202004205
Dwyer, D. et al. Chemical protective textiles of UiO-66 integrated PVDF composite fibers with rapid heterogeneous decontamination of toxic organophosphates. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 34585–34591 (2018).
pubmed: 30207449
doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b11290
López-Maya, E. et al. Textile/metal–organic-framework composites as self-detoxifying filters for chemical-warfare agents. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 6790–6794 (2015).
doi: 10.1002/anie.201502094
Lu, A. X. et al. MOFabric: electrospun nanofiber mats from PVDF/UiO-66-NH
pubmed: 28355051
doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b01621
McCarthy, D. L. et al. Electrospun metal–organic framework polymer composites for the catalytic degradation of methyl paraoxon. New J. Chem. 41, 8748–8753 (2017).
doi: 10.1039/C7NJ00525C
Kalaj, M., Denny, M. S., Bentz, K. C., Palomba, J. M. & Cohen, S. M. Nylon–MOF composites through postsynthetic polymerization. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58, 2336–2340 (2019).
doi: 10.1002/anie.201812655
Lee, D. T., Jamir, J. D., Peterson, G. W. & Parsons, G. N. Water-stable chemical-protective textiles via euhedral surface-oriented 2D Cu–TCPP metal-organic frameworks. Small 15, 1805133 (2019).
doi: 10.1002/smll.201805133
Xu, G., Otsubo, K., Yamada, T., Sakaida, S. & Kitagawa, H. Superprotonic conductivity in a highly oriented crystalline metal–organic framework nanofilm. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 7438–7441 (2013).
pubmed: 23647098
doi: 10.1021/ja402727d
Chen, S. This cloth destroys deadly nerve agents in minutes. WIRED https://www.wired.com/story/this-cloth-destroys-deadly-nerve-agents/ (2020).
Ma, K. et al. Scalable and template-free aqueous synthesis of zirconium-based metal–organic framework coating on textile fiber. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 15626–15633 (2019).
pubmed: 31532665
doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b07301
Chen, Z. et al. Integration of metal–organic frameworks on protective layers for destruction of nerve agents under relevant conditions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 20016–20021 (2019).
pubmed: 31833359
doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b11172
Yao, A., Jiao, X., Chen, D. & Li, C. Bio-inspired polydopamine-mediated Zr-MOF fabrics for solar photothermal-driven instantaneous detoxification of chemical warfare agent simulants. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 18437–18445 (2020).
pubmed: 32202409
doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b22242
Kim, M. K., Kim, S. H., Park, M., Ryu, S. G. & Jung, H. Degradation of chemical warfare agents over cotton fabric functionalized with UiO-66-NH
doi: 10.1039/C8RA06805D
Giannakoudakis, D. A., Hu, Y., Florent, M. & Bandosz, T. J. Smart textiles of MOF/g-C
pubmed: 32260666
doi: 10.1039/C7NH00081B
Wismer, T. in Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents 721–738 (Elsevier, 2009).
Coppock, R. W. in Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents 747–751 (Elsevier, 2009).
Ragnarsdottir, K. V. Environmental fate and toxicology of organophosphate pesticides. J. Geol. Soc. 157, 859–876 (2000).
doi: 10.1144/jgs.157.4.859
Stewart, D. K. R., Chisholm, D. & Ragab, M. T. H. Long term persistence of parathion in soil. Nature 229, 47 (1971).
pubmed: 4922785
doi: 10.1038/229047a0
BBC News Russian spy poisoning: What we know so far. BBC https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-43315636 (2018).
Son, Y. R., Ryu, S. G. & Kim, H. S. Rapid adsorption and removal of sulfur mustard with zeolitic imidazolate frameworks ZIF-8 and ZIF-67. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 293, 109819 (2020).
doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.109819
Pereira, J. F., Ferreira, D. P., Pinho, E. & Fangueiro, R. Chemical and biological warfare protection and self-decontaminating flax fabrics based on CaO nanoparticles. Key Eng. Mater. 812, 75–83 (2019).
doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.812.75
Jung, D. et al. Reactive porous polymers for detoxification of a chemical warfare agent simulant. Chem. Mater. 32, 9299–9306 (2020).
doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03160
Lee, D. T., Zhao, J., Peterson, G. W. & Parsons, G. N. Catalytic “MOF-Cloth” formed via directed supramolecular assembly of UiO-66-NH
doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00949
Song, L. et al. Photothermal graphene/UiO-66-NH
pubmed: 32120207
doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122332