Carbon emission reduction effects of intellectual property institution construction in China.
Carbon emissions
Difference in difference
Institution
Intellectual property
National Intellectual Property Demonstration City
Technology innovation
Journal
Environmental science and pollution research international
ISSN: 1614-7499
Titre abrégé: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9441769
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jun 2023
Jun 2023
Historique:
received:
16
08
2022
accepted:
26
04
2023
medline:
7
6
2023
pubmed:
9
5
2023
entrez:
8
5
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Institutions are the fundamental determinants of carbon emission performance. However, the environmental impact of intellectual property institution, especially its impact on carbon emissions, has been paid little attention. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to assess the effect of intellectual property institution on carbon emission reduction, revealing a new solution to control carbon emissions. To achieve the goal, this study regards the National Intellectual Property Demonstration City (NIPDC) policy in China as a quasi-natural experiment of intellectual property institution construction and exploits the difference in difference approach to objectively evaluate the impact of intellectual property institution on carbon emission reduction based on the panel data of China's cities. The study draws the following important conclusions. First, compared with non-pilot cities, the NIPDC policy has reduced urban carbon emissions by 8.64% in pilot cities. In particular, the "carbon emission reduction dividend" of the NIPDC policy is in the long term but not in the short term. Second, the influence mechanism analysis shows that the NIPDC policy can promote carbon emission reduction by stimulating technology innovation, especially breakthrough innovation. Third, the space overflow analysis reveals that the NIPDC policy can mitigate carbon emissions in adjacent areas, resulting in obvious spatial radiation effect. Fourth, the heterogeneity analysis confirms that the carbon emission reduction effect of the NIPDC policy is more obvious in low administrative hierarchic cities, small and medium-sized cities, and western cities. As a result, Chinese policymakers should orderly promote the construction of NIPDCs, strengthen technology innovation, give full play to the spatial radiation role of NIPDCs, and optimize the role of government, so as to better release the carbon emission abatement effect of intellectual property institution.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37156945
doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27347-w
pii: 10.1007/s11356-023-27347-w
doi:
Substances chimiques
Carbon
7440-44-0
Carbon Dioxide
142M471B3J
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
70569-70591Subventions
Organisme : The Key Project of Excellent Youth Support Program of University in Anhui Province
ID : gxyqZD2021028
Organisme : Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Sichuan Province
ID : SK2019A0106
Organisme : Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Anhui Province
ID : AHSKQ2019D040
Organisme : Anhui Polytechnic University Research Projects
ID : Xjky2022125
Organisme : Social Science Innovation and development research project of Anhui Province
ID : 2018CX111
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Références
Al Mamun M, Boubaker S, Nguyen DK (2022) Green finance and decarbonization: evidence from around the world. Financ Res Lett 46:102807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.102807
doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2022.102807
Allred BB, Park WG (2007) The influence of patent protection on firm innovation investment in manufacturing industries. J Int Manag 13(2):91–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2007.02.001
doi: 10.1016/j.intman.2007.02.001
Ang JB (2010) Financial reforms, patent protection, and knowledge accumulation in India. World Dev 38(8):1070–1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.12.011
doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.12.011
Arun K, Yıldırım DÇ (2017) Effects of foreign direct investment on intellectual property, patents and R&D. Queen Mary J Intellect Prop 7(2):226–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2007.02.001
doi: 10.1016/j.intman.2007.02.001
Ashraf J, Luo L, Anser MK (2022) Do BRI policy and institutional quality influence economic growth and environmental quality? An empirical analysis from South Asian countries affiliated with the Belt and Road Initiative. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29(6):8438–8451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16330-y
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16330-y
Awokuse TO, Yin H (2010) Intellectual property rights protection and the surge in FDI in China. J Comp Econ 38(2):217–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2007.02.001
doi: 10.1016/j.intman.2007.02.001
Bai C, Du K, Yu Y, Chen F (2019) Understanding the trend of total factor carbon productivity in the world: insights from convergence analysis. Energy Econ 81:698–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.05.004
doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2019.05.004
Baron RM, Kenny DA, psychology s (1986) The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol 51(6):1173. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Beck T, Levine R, Levkov A (2010) Big bad banks? The winners and losers from bank deregulation in the United States. J Financ 65(5):1637–1667. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01589.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01589.x
Branstetter LG, Fisman R, Foley CF (2006) Do stronger intellectual property rights increase international technology transfer? Empirical evidence from US firm-level panel data. Q J Econ 121(1):321–349. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/121.1.321
doi: 10.1093/qje/121.1.321
Cardinal LB (2001) Technological innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: the use of organizational control in managing research and development. Organ Sci 12(1):19–36. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.12.1.19.10119
doi: 10.1287/orsc.12.1.19.10119
Cassiman B, Valentini G (2016) Open innovation: are inbound and outbound knowledge flows really complementary? Strateg Manag J 37(6):1034–1046. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2375
doi: 10.1002/smj.2375
Chang KM (2020) Empirical analysis of causal relationship between R&D investment, intellectual property and regional economic growth in Korea. J Ind Bus Econ 33(3):853–872. https://doi.org/10.22558/jieb.2020.6.33.3.853
doi: 10.22558/jieb.2020.6.33.3.853
Chen J, Gao M, Cheng S, Hou W, Song M, Liu X, Liu Y, Shan Y (2020) County-level CO2 emissions and sequestration in China during 1997–2017. Sci Data 7(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13090370
doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13090370
Chen X, Chen Z (2021) Can green finance development reduce carbon emissions? Empirical evidence from 30 Chinese provinces. Sustainability 13(21):12137. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112137
doi: 10.3390/su132112137
Cheng Y, Awan U, Ahmad S et al (2021) How do technological innovation and fiscal decentralization affect the environment? A story of the fourth industrial revolution and sustainable growth. Technol Forecast Soc Chang 162:120398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120398
doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120398
Dewar RD, Dutton JE (1986) The adoption of radical and incremental innovations: an empirical analysis. Manag Sci 32(11):1422–1433. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.11.1422
doi: 10.1287/mnsc.32.11.1422
Dinda S (2004) Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: a survey. Ecol Econ 49(4):431–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.02.011
doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.02.011
Doll ChristopherN H, Muller J-P, Elvidge CD (2000) Night-time imagery as a tool for global mapping of socioeconomic parameters and greenhouse gas emissions. Ambio 29(3):157–162. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-29.3.157
doi: 10.1579/0044-7447-29.3.157
Dong B, Xu Y, Fan X (2020) How to achieve a win-win situation between economic growth and carbon emission reduction: empirical evidence from the perspective of industrial structure upgrading. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(35):43829–43844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09883-x
doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09883-x
Du K, Li J (2019) Towards a green world: how do green technology innovations affect total-factor carbon productivity. Energy Policy 131:240–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.04.033
doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.04.033
Dussaux D, Dechezleprêtre A, Glachant M (2017) Intellectual property rights protection and the international transfer of low-carbon technologies. Working Papers hal-01693539, HAL
Elvidge CD, Baugh KE, Kihn EA, Kroehl HW, Davis ER, Davis CW (1997) Relation between satellite observed visible-near infrared emissions, population, economic activity and electric power consumption. Int J Remote Sens 18(6):1373–1379. https://doi.org/10.1080/014311697218485
doi: 10.1080/014311697218485
Elvidge CD, Sutton PC, Ghosh T, Tuttle BT, Baugh KE, Bhaduri B, Bright E (2009) A global poverty map derived from satellite data. Comput & Geosci-UK 35(8):1652–1660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2009.01.009
doi: 10.1016/j.cageo.2009.01.009
Furukawa Y (2010) Intellectual property protection and innovation: an inverted-U relationship. Econ Lett 109(2):99–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2010.09.004
doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2010.09.004
Gallini N, Scotchmer S (2002) Intellectual property: when is it the best incentive system? Innov Policy Econ 2:51–77. https://doi.org/10.1086/653754
doi: 10.1086/653754
Gamba S (2017) The effect of intellectual property rights on domestic innovation in the pharmaceutical sector. World Dev 99:15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.06.003
doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.06.003
Gangopadhyay K, Mondal D (2012) Does stronger protection of intellectual property stimulate innovation? Econ Lett 116(1):80–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2012.01.006
doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.01.006
Gao Y, Li M, Xue J, Liu Y (2020) Evaluation of effectiveness of China’s carbon emissions trading scheme in carbon mitigation. Energy Econ 90:104872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104872
Ghosh T, Elvidge CD, Sutton PC, Baugh KE, Ziskin D, Tuttle BT (2010) Creating a global grid of distributed fossil fuel CO2 emissions from nighttime satellite imagery. Energies 3(12):1895–1913. https://doi.org/10.3390/en3121895
doi: 10.3390/en3121895
Glass AJ, Saggi KJ (2002) Intellectual property rights and foreign direct investment. J Int Econ 56(2):387–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(01)00117-9
doi: 10.1016/S0022-1996(01)00117-9
Grossman GM, Krueger AB (1995) Economic growth and the environment. Q J Econ 110(2):353–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0099(05)03023-8
doi: 10.1016/S1574-0099(05)03023-8
Guo R, Yuan Y (2020) Different types of environmental regulations and heterogeneous influence on energy efficiency in the industrial sector: evidence from Chinese provincial data. Energy Policy 145:111747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111747
doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111747
Horii R, Iwaisako T (2007) Economic growth with imperfect protection of intellectual property rights. J Econ 90(1):45–85. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.776264
doi: 10.2139/SSRN.776264
Hu AG, Png IP (2013) Patent rights and economic growth: evidence from cross-country panels of manufacturing industries. Oxf Econ Pap 65(3):675–698. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpt011
doi: 10.1093/oep/gpt011
Huang SZ, Sadiq M, Chien F (2021) The impact of natural resource rent, financial development, and urbanization on carbon emission. Environ Sci Pollut Res 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16818-7
Huang C, Yin K, Guo H et al (2022) Regional differences and convergence of inter-provincial green total factor productivity in China under technological heterogeneity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(9):5688. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095688
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095688
Jahanger A, Yu Y, Hossain MR, Murshed M, Daniel BL, Khan U (2022) Going away or going green in NAFTA nations? Linking natural resources, energy utilization, and environmental sustainability through the lens of the EKC hypothesis. Res Policy 79:103091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103091
Kang KH, Kang J (2014) Do external knowledge sourcing modes matter for service innovation? Empirical evidence from South Korean service firms. J Prod Innov Manag 31(1):176–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12087
doi: 10.1111/jpim.12087
Khan Z, Ali S, Dong K et al (2021) How does fiscal decentralization affect CO2 emissions? The roles of institutions and human capital. Energy Econ 94:105060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.105060
doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2020.105060
Khan H, Weili L, Khan I (2022) Institutional quality, financial development and the influence of environmental factors on carbon emissions: evidence from a global perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29(9):13356–13368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16626-z
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16626-z
Khoury TA, Peng MW (2011) Does institutional reform of intellectual property rights lead to more inbound FDI? Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean. J World Bus 46(3):337–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2010.07.015
doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2010.07.015
Kim YK, Lee K, Park WG, Choo K (2012) Appropriate intellectual property protection and economic growth in countries at different levels of development. Res Policy 41(2):358–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.09.003
doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2011.09.003
La Ferrara E, Chong A, Duryea S (2012) Soap operas and fertility: evidence from Brazil. Am Econ J Appl Econ 4(4):1–31. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.4.1
doi: 10.1257/app.4.4.1
Levin N, Kyba CC, Zhang Q, de Miguel AS, Román MO, Li X, Elvidge CD (2020) Remote sensing of night lights: a review and an outlook for the future. Remote Sens Environ 237(2):1114–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111443
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111443
Li J, Omoju OE, Zhang J, Ikhide EE, Lu G, Lawal AI, Ozue VA (2020) Does intellectual property rights protection constitute a barrier to renewable energy? An econometric analysis. Natl Inst Econ Rev 251:R37–R46. https://doi.org/10.1017/nie.2020.5
doi: 10.1017/nie.2020.5
Li Z-Z, Li RYM, Malik MY, Murshed M, Khan Z, Umar M (2021) Determinants of carbon emission in China: how good is green investment? Sustain Prod Consum 27:392–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.11.008
doi: 10.1016/j.spc.2020.11.008
Liu Q, Lu Y (2015) Firm investment and exporting: evidence from China’s value-added tax reform. J Int Econ 97(2):392–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2015.07.003
doi: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2015.07.003
Liu Z, Mu R, Hu S, Wang L, Wang S (2018) Intellectual property protection, technological innovation and enterprise value—an empirical study on panel data of 80 advanced manufacturing SMEs. Cogn Syst Res 52:741–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2018.08.012
doi: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2018.08.012
Lu J, Li H (2020) The impact of government environmental information disclosure on enterprise location choices: heterogeneity and threshold effect test. J Clean Prod 277:124055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124055
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124055
Ma J, Hou Y, Wang Z, Yang W (2021) Pricing strategy and coordination of automobile manufacturers based on government intervention and carbon emission reduction. Energy Policy 148:111919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111919
doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111919
Mao K, Failler P (2022) Does stronger protection of intellectual property improve sustainable development? Evidence from city data in China. Sustainability 14(21):14369. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114369
Maresch D, Fink M, Harms R (2016) When patents matter: the impact of competition and patent age on the performance contribution of intellectual property rights protection. Technovation 57:14–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2015.11.009
doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2015.11.009
Markusen JR (2001) Contracts, intellectual property rights, and multinational investment in developing countries. J Int Econ 53(1):189–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(00)00058-1
doi: 10.1016/S0022-1996(00)00058-1
Meo MS, Abd Karim MZ (2022) The role of green finance in reducing CO2 emissions: an empirical analysis. Borsa Istanbul Rev 22(1):169–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2021.03.002
doi: 10.1016/j.bir.2021.03.002
Mercurio B (2012) The protection and enforcement of intellectual property in China since accession to the WTO: Progress and retreat. China Perspectives 2012(2012/1):23–28. https://doi.org/10.4000/CHINAPERSPECTIVES.5795
doi: 10.4000/CHINAPERSPECTIVES.5795
Mingaleva Z, Mirskikh I (2013) The problems of legal regulation and protection of intellectual property. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 81:329–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.437
doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.437
Naghavi A, Strozzi C (2015) Intellectual property rights, diasporas, and domestic innovation. J Int Econ 96:150–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2015.01.007
doi: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2015.01.007
Neves PC, Afonso O, Silva D, Sochirca E (2021) The link between intellectual property rights, innovation, and growth: a meta-analysis. Econ Model 97:196–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2021.01.019
doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2021.01.019
Omri A, Nguyen DK, Rault C (2014) Causal interactions between CO2 emissions, FDI, and economic growth: evidence from dynamic simultaneous-equation models. Econ Model 42:382–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2014.07.026
doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2014.07.026
Papageorgiadis N, Xu Y, Alexiou C (2019) The effect of European intellectual property institutions on Chinese outward foreign direct investment. Manag Organ Rev 15(1):81–110. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2018.38
doi: 10.1017/mor.2018.38
Qiu S, Wang Z, Liu S (2021) The policy outcomes of low-carbon city construction on urban green development: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment conducted in China. Sustain Cities Soc 66:102699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102699
doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102699
Raihan A, Muhtasim DA, Farhana S et al (2022a) Nexus between carbon emissions, economic growth, renewable energy use, urbanization, industrialization, technological innovation, and forest area towards achieving environmental sustainability in Bangladesh. Energy Clim Change 3:100080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egycc.2022.100080
doi: 10.1016/j.egycc.2022.100080
Raihan A, Begum RA, Said MNM, Pereira JJ (2022b) Relationship between economic growth, renewable energy use, technological innovation, and carbon emission toward achieving Malaysia’s Paris agreement. Environ Syst Decis 42:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-022-09848-0
doi: 10.1007/s10669-022-09848-0
Roh T, Lee K, Yang JY (2021) How do intellectual property rights and government support drive a firm’s green innovation? The mediating role of open innovation. J Clean Prod 317:128422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128422
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128422
Sadiqa BA, Zaman K, Rehman FU et al (2022) Evaluating race-to-the-top/bottom hypothesis in high-income countries: controlling emissions cap trading, inbound FDI, renewable energy demand, and trade openness. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:50552–50565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19385-7
doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19385-7
Schneider PH (2005) International trade, economic growth and intellectual property rights: a panel data study of developed and developing countries. J Dev Econ 78(2):529–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2004.09.001
doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2004.09.001
Shane S, Somaya D (2007) The effects of patent litigation on university licensing efforts. J Econ Behav Organ 63(4):739–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2006.05.012
doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2006.05.012
Sharif A, Saqib N, Dong K et al (2021) Nexus between green technology innovation, green financing, and CO2 emissions in the G7 countries: the moderating role of social globalisation. Sustain Dev 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.786659
Sheraz M, Deyi X, Mumtaz MZ, Ullah A (2022) Exploring the dynamic relationship between financial development, renewable energy, and carbon emissions: a new evidence from belt and road countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29(10):14930–14947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16641-0
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16641-0
Su Z, Wang C, Peng MW (2022) Intellectual property rights protection and total factor productivity. Int Bus Rev 31(3):101956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2021.101956
doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2021.101956
Sweet CM, Maggio DSE (2015) Do stronger intellectual property rights increase innovation? World Dev 66:665–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.08.025
doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.08.025
Thakur-Wernz P, Wernz C (2022) Impact of stronger intellectual property rights regime on innovation: evidence from de alio versus de novo Indian bio-pharmaceutical firms. J Bus Res 138:457–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.08.074
doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.08.074
Thio E, Tan MX, Li L, Salman M, Long XL, Sun HP, Zhu BZ (2022) The estimation of influencing factors for carbon emissions based on EKC hypothesis and STIRPAT model: evidence from top 10 countries. Environ Dev Sustain 24:11226–11259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01905-z
Tufail M, Song L, Adebayo TS et al (2021) Do fiscal decentralization and natural resources rent curb carbon emissions? Evidence from developed countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:49179–49190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13865-y
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13865-y
Vu TV (2021) Does institutional quality foster economic complexity? The fundamental drivers of productive capabilities. Empir Econ 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-021-02175-4
Wang L, Su CW, Ali S et al (2020) How China is fostering sustainable growth: the interplay of green investment and production-based emission. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(31):39607–39618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09933-4
doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09933-4
Wang F, Rani T, Razzaq A (2022) Environmental impact of fiscal decentralization, green technology innovation and institution’s efficiency in developed countries using advance panel modelling. Energy Environ. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X221074727
Yang L, Maskus KE (2009) Intellectual property rights, technology transfer and exports in developing countries. J Dev Econ 90(2):231–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.11.003
doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.11.003
Yang Z, Yuan Y, Zhang Q (2022) Carbon emission trading scheme, carbon emissions reduction and spatial spillover effects: quasi-experimental evidence from China. Front Env Sci 9:824298. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.824298
Yu Y, Zhang N (2021) Low-carbon city pilot and carbon emission efficiency: quasi-experimental evidence from China. Energy Econ 96:105125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105125
Yuan L, Chen Y, He W et al (2022) The influence of carbon emission disclosure on enterprise value under ownership heterogeneity: evidence from the heavily polluting corporations. Environ Sci Pollut Res:1–18. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1138342/v1
Zhang Y-J, Liu Z, Zhang H, Tan T-D (2014) The impact of economic growth, industrial structure and urbanization on carbon emission intensity in China. Nat Hazards 73(2):579–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1091-x
doi: 10.1007/s11069-014-1091-x
Zhou Y, Smith SJ, Elvidge CD, Zhao K, Thomson A, Imhoff M (2014) A cluster-based method to map urban area from DMSP/OLS nightlights. Remote Sens Environ 147(5):173–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.004
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.004
Zhu Q, Peng X, Wu K (2012) Calculation and decomposition of indirect carbon emissions from residential consumption in China based on the input–output model. Energy Policy 48:618–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.05.068
doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.05.068