Fundamental neurochemistry review: Old brain stories - Influence of age and sex on the neurodegeneration-associated lipid changes.


Journal

Journal of neurochemistry
ISSN: 1471-4159
Titre abrégé: J Neurochem
Pays: England
ID NLM: 2985190R

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
08 2023
Historique:
revised: 30 03 2023
received: 09 12 2022
accepted: 19 04 2023
medline: 24 7 2023
pubmed: 10 5 2023
entrez: 10 5 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Brain aging is a naturally occurring process resulting in the decline of cognitive functions and increased vulnerability to develop age-associated disorders. Fluctuation in lipid species is crucial for normal brain development and function. However, impaired lipid metabolism and changes in lipid composition in the brain have been increasingly recognized to play a crucial role in physiological aging, as well as in several neurodegenerative diseases. In the last decades, the role of sexual dimorphism in the vulnerability to develop age-related neurodegeneration has increased. However, further studies are warranted for detailed assessment of how age, sex, and additional non-biological factors may influence the lipid changes in brains. The aim of this work is to address the presence of sex differences in the brain lipid changes that occur along aging, and in the two most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases). We included the studies that assessed lipid-related alterations in the brain of both humans and experimental models. Additionally, we explored the influence of sex on lipid-lowering therapies. We conclude that sex exerts a notable effect on lipid modifications occurring with age and neurodegeneration, and in lipid-reducing interventions. Therefore, the application of sex as an experimental variable is strongly encouraged for future research in the field of precision medicine approach.

Identifiants

pubmed: 37161795
doi: 10.1111/jnc.15834
doi:

Substances chimiques

Lipids 0

Types de publication

Journal Article Review Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

427-452

Informations de copyright

© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Neurochemistry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society for Neurochemistry.

Références

Abe-Dohmae, S., Ikeda, Y., Matsuo, M., Hayashi, M., Okuhira, K. I., Ueda, K., & Yokoyama, S. (2004). Human ABCA7 supports apolipoprotein-mediated release of cellular cholesterol and phospholipid to generate high density lipoprotein. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 604-611.
Acaz-Fonseca, E., Ortiz-Rodriguez, A., Lopez-Rodriguez, A. B., Garcia-Segura, L. M., & Astiz, M. (2017). Developmental sex differences in the metabolism of cardiolipin in mouse cerebral cortex mitochondria. Scientific Reports, 7, 43878. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43878
Adamson, A., Buck, S. A., Freyberg, Z., & De Miranda, B. R. (2022). Sex differences in dopaminergic vulnerability to environmental toxicants-implications for Parkinson's disease. Current Environmental Health Reports, 9(4), 563-573.
Almena, M., & Mérida, I. (2011). Shaping up the membrane: Diacylglycerol coordinates spatial orientation of signaling. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 36(11), 593-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2011.06.005
Altmann, A., Tian, L., Henderson, V. W., & Greicius, M. D. (2014). Sex modifies the APOE-related risk of developing Alzheimer disease. Annals of Neurology, 75, 563-573.
Alzheimer's disease Association. (2021). 2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimer's Dement, 17, 327-406.
Ancelin, M. L., Ripoche, E., Dupuy, A. M., Samieri, C., Rouaud, O., Berr, C., Carrière, I., & Ritchie, K. (2014). Gender-specific associations between lipids and cognitive decline in the elderly. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 24, 1056-1066.
Antonny, B., Vanni, S., Shindou, H., & Ferreira, T. (2015). From zero to six double bonds: phospholipid unsaturation and organelle function. Trends in Cell Biology, 25(7), 427-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2015.03.004
Apostolova, L. G., Risacher, S. L., Duran, T., Stage, E. C., Goukasian, N., West, J. D., Do, T. M., Grotts, J., Wilhalme, H., Nho, K., Phillips, M., Elashoff, D., Saykin, A. J., & Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. (2018). Associations of the Top 20 Alzheimer disease risk variants with brain amyloidosis. JAMA Neurology, 75(3), 328-341. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.4198
Arbor, S. C., Lafontaine, M., & Cumbay, M. (2016). Amyloid-beta Alzheimer targets - Protein processing, lipid rafts, and amyloid-beta pores. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 89, 5-21.
Ariga, T. (2017). The pathogenic role of ganglioside metabolism in Alzheimer's disease-cholinergic neuron-specific gangliosides and neurogenesis. Humana Press Inc.
Aureli, M., Grassi, S., Prioni, S., Sonnino, S., & Prinetti, A. (2015). Lipid membrane domains in the brain. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1851, 1006-1016.
Bailly, L., David, R., Chevrier, R., Grebet, J., Moncada, M., Fuch, A., Sciortino, V., Robert, P., & Pradier, C. (2019). Alzheimer's disease: Estimating its prevalence rate in a French geographical unit using the National Alzheimer Data Bank and national health insurance information systems. PLoS One, 14, e0216221.
Bakeberg, M. C., Gorecki, A. M., Kenna, J. E., Jefferson, A., Byrnes, M., Ghosh, S., Horne, M. K., McGregor, S., Stell, R., Walters, S., Chivers, P., Winter, S. J., Mastaglia, F. L., & Anderton, R. S. (2021). Differential effects of sex on longitudinal patterns of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, 268, 1903-1912.
Bakker, J. (2022). The role of steroid hormones in the sexual differentiation of the human brain. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 34, 1-11.
Balaban, R. S., Nemoto, S., & Finkel, T. (2005). Mitochondria, oxidants, and aging.
Baldereschi, M., Di Carlo, A., Rocca, W. A., Vanni, P., Maggi, S., Perissinotto, E., Grigoletto, F., Amaducci, L., & Inzitari, D. (2000). Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in a longitudinal study: Two-fold higher incidence in men. ILSA Working Group. Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Neurology, 55, 1358-1363.
Barakat, R., Oakley, O., Kim, H., Jin, J., & Ko, C. M. J. (2016). Extra-gonadal sites of estrogen biosynthesis and function.
Barker, J. M., & Galea, L. A. M. (2008). Repeated estradiol administration alters different aspects of neurogenesis and cell death in the hippocampus of female, but not male, rats. Neuroscience, 152, 888-902.
Barnes, L. L., Wilson, R. S., Bienias, J. L., Schneider, J. A., Evans, D. A., & Bennett, D. A. (2005). Sex differences in the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer disease pathology. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 685.
Barrier, L., Ingrand, S., Damjanac, M., Rioux, B. A., Hugon, J., & Page, G. (2007). Genotype-related changes of ganglioside composition in brain regions of transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 28, 28-1872.
Barrier, L., Ingrand, S., Fauconneau, B., & Page, G. (2010). Gender-dependent accumulation of ceramides in the cerebral cortex of the APPSL/PS1Ki mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 31, 1843-1853.
Bartke, N., & Hannun, Y. A. (2009). Bioactive sphingolipids: Metabolism and function. Journal of Lipid Research, 50 Suppl(Suppl), S91-S96. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R800080-JLR200
Bauer, E. P. (2023). Sex differences in fear responses: Neural circuits. Neuropharmacology, 222, 109298.
Baulieu, E. E., & Robel, P. (1990). Neurosteroids: A new brain function? The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 37, 395-403.
Bayless, D. W., & Daniel, J. M. (2015). Sex differences in myelin-associated protein levels within and density of projections between the orbital frontal cortex and dorsal striatum of adult rats: Implications for inhibitory control. Neuroscience, 300, 286-296.
Bergeron, S., Barus, R., Leboullenger, C., Auger, F., Bongiovanni, A., Tardivel, M., Jonneaux, A., Laloux, C., Potey, C., Bordet, R., Chen, Y., & Gautier, S. (2021). Beneficial effects of atorvastatin on sex-specific cognitive impairment induced by a cerebral microhaemorrhage in mice. British Journal of Pharmacology, 178, 1705-1721.
Blankers, S. A., & Galea, L. A. M. (2021). Androgens and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Androgens: Clinical Research and Therapeutics, 2(1), 203-215.
Bloem, B. R., Okun, M. S., & Klein, C. (2021). Parkinson's disease. Lancet, 397, 2284-2303.
Blomqvist, M., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., & Månsson, J. E. (2021). Sulfatide in health and disease. The evaluation of sulfatide in cerebrospinal fluid as a possible biomarker for neurodegeneration. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103670
Bowman, R., Frankfurt, M., & Luine, V. (2022). Sex differences in cognition following variations in endocrine status. Learning & Memory, 29(9), 234-245.
Brandt, N., Fester, L., & Rune, G. M. (2020). Neural sex steroids and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Vitamins and Hormones, 114, 125-143.
Breitner, J. C., Wyse, B. W., Anthony, J. C., Welsh-Bohmer, K. A., Steffens, D. C., Norton, M. C., Tschanz, J. T., Plassman, B. L., Meyer, M. R., Skoog, I., & Khachaturian, A. (1999). APOE-epsilon4 count predicts age when prevalence of AD increases, then declines: The Cache County Study. Neurology, 53(2), 321-331. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.53.2.321
Bretsky, P. M., Buckwalter, J. G., Seeman, T. E., Miller, C. A., Poirier, J., Schellenberg, G. D., Finch, C. E., & Henderson, V. W. (1999). Evidence for an interaction between apolipoprotein E genotype, gender, and Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 13, 216-221.
Brown, E. C. Z., Steadman, C. J., Lee, T. M., Padmanabhan, V., Lehman, M. N., & Coolen, L. M. (2015). Sex differences and effects of prenatal exposure to excess testosterone on ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons in adult sheep. The European Journal of Neuroscience, 41, 1157-1166.
Brown, W. V., Mackey, R. H., Orringer, C. E., & Pearson, T. A. (2015). JCL roundtable: Gender differences in reduction of CVD in response to lipid-lowering drugs, in J. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 9(5), 624-633.
Buchanan, D. D., Silburn, P. A., Prince, J. A., & Mellick, G. D. (2007). Association of APOE with Parkinson disease age-at-onset in women. Neuroscience Letters, 411, 185-188.
Buckley, R. F., Mormino, E. C., Rabin, J. S., Hohman, T. J., Landau, S., Hanseeuw, B. J., Jacobs, H. I. L., Papp, K. V., Amariglio, R. E., Properzi, M. J., Schultz, A. P., Kirn, D., Scott, M. R., Hedden, T., Farrell, M., Price, J., Chhatwal, J., Rentz, D. M., Villemagne, V. L., … Sperling, R. A. (2019). Sex differences in the association of global amyloid and regional tau Deposition Measured by positron emission tomography in clinically Normal older adults. JAMA Neurology, 76, 76.
Cabré, R., Naudí, A., Dominguez-Gonzalez, M., Jové, M., Ayala, V., Mota-Martorell, N., Pradas, I., Nogueras, L., Rué, M., Portero-Otín, M., Ferrer, I., & Pamplona, R. (2018). Lipid profile in human frontal cortex is sustained throughout healthy adult life span to decay at advanced ages. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 73(6), 703-710.
Calabrese, V., Butterfield, D. A., & Stella, A. M. G. (2008). Aging and oxidative stress response in the CNS, in Handb. In Neurochemistry and molecular neurobiology (pp. 103-146). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-32671-9_6
Canerina-Amaro, A., Hernandez-Abad, L. G., Ferrer, I., Quinto-Alemany, D., Mesa-Herrera, F., Ferri, C., Puertas-Avendaño, R. A., Diaz, M., & Marin, R. (2017). Lipid raft ER signalosome malfunctions in menopause and Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar, 9, 111-126.
Castro, B. M., Prieto, M., & Silva, L. C. (2014). Ceramide: A simple sphingolipid with unique biophysical properties. Progress in Lipid Research, 54, 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2014.01.004
Cereda, E., Cilia, R., Klersy, C., Siri, C., Pozzi, B., Reali, E., Colombo, A., Zecchinelli, A. L., Mariani, C. B., Tesei, S., Canesi, M., Sacilotto, G., Meucci, N., Zini, M., Isaias, I. U., Barichella, M., Cassani, E., Goldwurm, S., & Pezzoli, G. (2016). Dementia in Parkinson's disease: Is male gender a risk factor? Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 26, 67-72.
Cerghet, M., Skoff, R. P., Bessert, D., Zhang, Z., Mullins, C., & Ghandour, M. S. (2006). Proliferation and death of oligodendrocytes and myelin proteins are differentially regulated in male and female rodents. The Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 1439-1447.
Chabrun, F., Dieu, X., Rousseau, G., Chupin, S., Letournel, F., Procaccio, V., Bonneau, D., Lenaers, G., Simard, G., Mirebeau-Prunier, D., Chao de la Barca, J. M., & Reynier, P. (2020). Metabolomics reveals highly regional specificity of cerebral sexual dimorphism in mice. Progress in Neurobiology, 184, 101698.
Chalangal, J., Mazid, S., Windisch, K., & Milner, T. A. (2022). Sex differences in the rodent hippocampal opioid system following stress and oxycodone associated learning processes. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 212, 173294.
Chan, R. B., Oliveira, T. G., Cortes, E. P., Honig, L. S., Duff, K. E., Small, S. A., Wenk, M. R., Shui, G., & Di Paolo, G. (2012). Comparative lipidomic analysis of mouse and human brain with Alzheimer disease. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287, 2678-2688.
Chan, S. L., Kim, W. S., Kwok, J. B., Hill, A. F., Cappai, R., Rye, K. A., & Garner, B. (2008). ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 regulates processing of amyloid precursor protein in vitro. Journal of Neurochemistry, 106, 793-804.
Chang, D., Nalls, M. A., Hallgrímsdóttir, I. B., Hunkapiller, J., van der Brug, M., Cai, F., International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium, Me Research Team, Kerchner, G. A., Ayalon, G., Bingol, B., Sheng, M., Hinds, D., Behrens, T. W., Singleton, A. B., Bhangale, T. R., & Graham, R. R. (2017). A meta analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies 17 new Parkinson's disease risk loci. Nature Genetics 49, 1511, 1516.
Chartier-Harlin, M. C., Parfitt, M., Legrain, S., Pérez-Tur, J., Brousseau, T., Evans, A., Berr, C., Vidal, O., Roques, P., & Gourlet, V. (1994). Apolipoprotein E, epsilon 4 allele as a major risk factor for sporadic early and late-onset forms of Alzheimer's disease: analysis of the 19q13.2 chromosomal region. Human Molecular Genetics, 3(4), 569-574.
Chen, J. R., Yan, Y. T., Wang, T. J., Chen, L. J., Wang, Y. J., & Tseng, G. F. (2009). Gonadal hormones modulate the dendritic spine densities of primary cortical pyramidal neurons in adult female rat. Cerebral Cortex, 19, 2719-2727.
Chen, X. Q., & Mobley, W. C. (2019). Alzheimer disease pathogenesis: Insights from molecular and cellular biology studies of oligomeric Aβ and tau species. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 659.
Chesik, D., & De Keyser, J. (2010). Progesterone and dexamethasone differentially regulate the IGF-system in glial cells. Neuroscience Letters, 468, 178-182.
Chew, H., Solomon, V. A., & Fonteh, A. N. (2020). Involvement of lipids in Alzheimer's disease pathology and potential therapies. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, 598. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00598
Chiurchiù, V., Tiberi, M., Matteocci, A., Fazio, F., Siffeti, H., Saracini, S., Mercuri, N. B., & Sancesario, G. (2022). Lipidomics of bioactive lipids in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: Where are we? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(11), 6235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116235
Chowen, J. A., Azcoitia, I., Cardona-Gomez, G. P., & Garcia-Segura, L. M. (2000). Sex steroids and the brain: Lessons from animal studies. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 13, 1045-1066.
Cini, M., & Moretti, A. (1995). Studies on lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in the aging brain. Neurobiology of Aging, 16, 53-57.
Claus, J. J., Gool, W. A., Van, T. S., Walstra, G. J. M., Kwa, V. I. H., Hijdra, A., Verbeeten, B., Koelman, J. H. T. M., Bour, L. J., & Ongerboer De Visser, B. W. (1998). Predicting survival in patients with early Alzheimer's disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 9, 284-293.
Couttas, T. A., Kain, N., Tran, C., Chatterton, Z., Kwok, J. B., & Don, A. S. (2018). Age-dependent changes to sphingolipid balance in the human hippocampus are gender-specific and May sensitize to neurodegeneration. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 63, 503-514.
Coyoy, A., Guerra-Araiza, C., & Camacho-Arroyo, I. (2016). Metabolism regulation by estrogens and their receptors in the central nervous system before and after menopause. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 48, 489-496.
Cuenca, L., Gil-Martínez, A. L., Cano-Fernandez, L., Sanchez-Rodrigo, C., Estrada, C., & Fernandez-Villalba, E. H. M. T. (2018). Parkinson's disease: A short story of 200 years. Histology and Histopathology, 12, 18073.
Dagliati, A., Peek, N., Brinton, R. D., & Geifman, N. (2021). Sex and apoe genotype differences related to statin use in the aging population. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, 7, 7.
Dai, L., Zou, L., Meng, L., Qiang, G., Yan, M., & Zhang, Z. (2021). Cholesterol metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Molecular Neurobiology, 58, 2183-2201.
Davis, E. J., Broestl, L., Abdulai-Saiku, S., Worden, K., Bonham, L. W., Miñones-Moyano, E., Moreno, A. J., Wang, D., Chang, K., Williams, G., Garay, B. I., Lobach, I., Devidze, N., Kim, D., Anderson-Bergman, C., Yu, G. Q., White, C. C., Harris, J. A., Miller, B. L., … Dubal, D. B. (2020). A second X chromosome contributes to resilience in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Science Translational Medicine, 12(558), eaaz5677. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz5677
de Carvalho Guimarães, B., Valente Pereira, A. C., da Costa Rodrigues, F., Vaz dos Santos, A., Júnior, M. C., Mendonça dos Santos, J., Lima dos Santos, F., Zuma de Rosso, A. L., Nicaretta, D. H., Pereira, J. S., José da Silva, D., Della Coletta, M. V., Santos-Rebouças, C. B., & Gonçalves Pimentel, M. M. (2012). Glucocerebrosidase N370S and L444P mutations as risk factors for Parkinson's disease in Brazilian patients. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 18(5), 688-689.
de Chaves, E. P., & Narayanaswami, V. (2008). Apolipoprotein E and cholesterol in aging and disease in the brain. Future Lipidology, 3(5), 505-530.
de Rojas, I., Moreno-Grau, S., Tesi, N., Grenier-Boley, B., Andrade, V., Jansen, I. E., Pedersen, N. L., Stringa, N., Zettergren, A., Hernández, I., Montrreal, L., Antúnez, C., Antonell, A., Tankard, R. M., Bis, J. C., Sims, R., Bellenguez, C., Quintela, I., González-Perez, A., … Ruiz, A. (2021). Common variants in Alzheimer's disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores. Nature Communications, 12, 3417.
De Virgilio, A., Greco, A., Fabbrini, G., Inghilleri, M., Rizzo, M. I., Gallo, A., Conte, M., Rosato, C., Ciniglio, A. M., & de Vincentiis, M. (2016). Parkinson's disease: Autoimmunity and neuroinflammation. Autoimmunity Reviews, 15(10), 1005-1011.
DeCasien, A. R., Guma, E., Liu, S., & Raznahan, A. (2022). Sex differences in the human brain: A roadmap for more careful analysis and interpretation of a biological reality. Biology of Sex Differences, 13(1), 43.
den Hoedt, S., Crivelli, S. M., Leijten, F. P. J., Losen, M., Stevens, J. A. A., Mané-Damas, M., de Vries, H. E., Walter, J., Mirzaian, M., Sijbrands, E. J. G., Aerts, J. M. F. G., Verhoeven, A. J. M., Martinez-Martinez, P., & Mulder, M. T. (2021). Effects of sex, age, and apolipoprotein E genotype on brain ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate in Alzheimer's disease and control mice. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 13, 1-11.
Derby, C. A., Crawford, S. L., Pasternak, R. C., Sowers, M., Sternfeld, B., & Matthews, K. A. (2009). Lipid changes during the menopause transition in relation to age and weight. American Journal of Epidemiology, 169, 1352-1361.
Di Domenico, F., Tramutola, A., & Butterfield, D. A. (2017). Role of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and other selected age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 111, 253-261.
Díaz, M., Fabelo, N., Ferrer, I., & Marín, R. (2018). “Lipid raft aging” in the human frontal cortex during nonpathological aging: Gender influences and potential implications in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 67, 42-52.
Do, C. B., Tung, J. Y., Dorfman, E., Kiefer, A. K., Drabant, E. M., Francke, U., Mountain, J. L., Goldman, S. M., Tanner, C. M., Langston, J. W., Wojcicki, A., & Eriksson, N. (2011). Web-based genome-wide association study identifies two novel loci and a substantial genetic component for Parkinson's disease. PLoS Genetics, 7, 7.
Domingues, R. M., Domingues, P., Melo, T., Pérez-Sala, D., Reis, A., & Spickett, C. M. (2013). Lipoxidation adducts with peptides and proteins: Deleterious modifications or signaling mechanisms? Journal of Proteomics, 92, 110-131.
Dong, H. K., Gim, J. A., Yeo, S. H., & Kim, H. S. (2017). Integrated late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) susceptibility genes: Cholesterol metabolism and trafficking perspectives. Gene, 597, 10-16.
Drouva, S. V., Rerat, E., Leblanc, P., Laplante, E., & Kordon, C. (1987). Variations of phospholipid methyltransferase(s) activity in the rat pituitary: Estrous cycle and sex differences. Endocrinology, 121, 569-574.
Duarte-Guterman, P., Yagi, S., Chow, C., & Galea, L. A. M. (2015). Hippocampal learning, memory, and neurogenesis: Effects of sex and estrogens across the lifespan in adults. Hormones and Behavior, 74, 37-52.
Dubal, D. B. (2020). Sex difference in Alzheimer's disease: An updated, balanced and emerging perspective on differing vulnerabilities. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 175, 261-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64123-6.00018-7
Duckles, S. P., & Krause, D. N. (2007). Cerebrovascular effects of oestrogen: Multiplicity of action. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology, 34, 801-808.
Duka, T., Tasker, R., & McGowan, J. F. (2000). The effects of 3-week estrogen hormone replacement on cognition in elderly healthy females. Psychopharmacology, 149, 129-139.
Egawa, J., Pearn, M. L., Lemkuil, B. P., Patel, P. M., & Head, B. P. (2016). Membrane lipid rafts and neurobiology: Age-related changes in membrane lipids and loss of neuronal function. The Journal of Physiology, 594, 4565-4579.
Ekstrand, B., Scheers, N., Rasmussen, M. K., Young, J. F., Ross, A. B., & Landberg, R. (2021). Brain foods-The role of diet in brain performance and health. Nutrition Reviews, 79(6), 693-708.
Fadeyibi, O., Rybalchenko, N., Mabry, S., Nguyen, D. H., & Cunningham, R. L. (2022). The role of lipid rafts and membrane androgen receptors in androgen's neurotoxic Effects. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 6(5), bvac030. https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac030
Faubion, S. S., Kapoor, E., Moyer, A. M., Hodis, H. N., & Miller, V. M. (2019). Statin therapy: Does sex matter? Menopause, 26(12), 1425-1435.
Ferdouse, A., Leng, S., Winter, T., & Aukema, H. M. (2019). The brain Oxylipin profile is resistant to modulation by dietary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in male and female rats. Lipids, 54, 67-80.
Fernandez, H. H., & Lapane, K. L. (2002). Predictors of mortality among nursing home residents with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Medical Science Monitor, 8, 241-247.
Ferretti, M. T., Martinkova, J., Biskup, E., Benke, T., Gialdini, G., Nedelska, Z., Rauen, K., Mantua, V., Religa, D., Hort, J., Santuccione Chadha, A., & Schmidt, R. (2020). Sex and gender differences in Alzheimer's disease: Current challenges and implications for clinical practice: Position paper of the dementia and cognitive disorders panel of the European academy of neurology. European Journal of Neurology, 27, 928-943.
Forger, N. G. (2016). Epigenetic mechanisms in sexual differentiation of the brain and behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 371(1688), 20150114.
Frieden, C., Wang, H., & Ho, C. M. W. (2017). A mechanism for lipid binding to apoE and the role of intrinsically disordered regions coupled to domain-domain interactions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114, 6292-6297.
Fritsche, K. L. (2015). The science of fatty acids and inflammation. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 6(3), 293S-301S. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.114.006940
Fu, Y., He, Y., Phan, K., Pickford, R., Kim, Y. B., Dzamko, N., Halliday, G. M., & Kim, W. S. (2022). Sex-specific lipid dysregulation in the Abca7 knockout mouse brain. Brain Communications, 4(3), fcac120. https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac120
Fu, Y., Hsiao, J. H. T., Paxinos, G., Halliday, G. M., & Kim, W. S. (2016). ABCA7 mediates phagocytic clearance of amyloid-β in the brain. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 54, 569-584.
Gaamouch, F. E.l., Jing, P., Xia, J., & Cai, D. (2016). Alzheimer's disease risk genes and lipid regulators. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 53(1), 15-29.
Gall, C. M., Le, A. A., & Lynch, G. (2023). Sex differences in synaptic plasticity underlying learning. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 101(5), 764-782. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24844
Galli, C., White, H. B., & Paoletti, R. (1970). Brain lipid modifications induced by essential fatty acid deficiency in growing male and female rats. Journal of Neurochemistry, 17, 347-355.
Galper, J., Dean, N. J., Pickford, R., Lewis, S. J. G., Halliday, G. M., Kim, W. S., & Dzamko, N. (2022). Lipid pathway dysfunction is prevalent in patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain, 145(10), 3472-3487.
Gamache, J., Yun, Y., & Chiba-Falek, O. (2020). Sex-dependent effect of APOE on Alzheimer's disease and other age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Disease Models and Mechanisms, 13, 13.
Gan-Or, Z., Ozelius, L. J., Bar-Shira, A., Saunders-Pullman, R., Mirelman, A., Kornreich, R., Gana-Weisz, M., Raymond, D., Rozenkrantz, L., Deik, A., Gurevich, T., Gross, S. J., Schreiber-Agus, N., Giladi, N., Bressman, S. B., & Orr-Urtreger, A. (2013). The p.L302P mutation in the lysosomal enzyme gene SMPD1 is a risk factor for Parkinson disease. Neurology, 80, 1606-1610.
Gao, Y., Tang, Y., Zhang, H., Yang, Y., Dong, T., & Jia, Q. (2022). Sex differences of cerebellum and cerebrum: Evidence from graph convolutional network. Interdisciplinary Sciences: Computational Life Sciences, 14, 532-544.
Garza-Contreras, J., Duong, P., Snyder, B. D., Schreihofer, D. A., & Cunningham, R. L. (2017). Presence of androgen receptor variant in neuronal lipid rafts. eNeuro, 4, ENEURO.0109-ENEU17.2017.
Gaudet, D., Drouin-Chartier, J. P., & Couture, P. (2017). Lipid metabolism and emerging targets for lipid-lowering therapy. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 33, 872-882.
Gegenhuber, B., & Tollkuhn, J. (2020). Signatures of sex: Sex differences in gene expression in the vertebrate brain. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology, 9, e348.
Gerges, S. H., & El-Kadi, A. O. S. (2022). Sexual dimorphism in the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes in rat heart, liver, kidney, lung, brain, and Small intestine. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 51(1), 81-94.
Ghanem, A. C., Degerny, C., Hussain, R., Liere, P., Pianos, A., Tourpin, S., Habert, R., Macklin, W. B., Schumacher, M., & Ghoumari, A. M. (2017). Long-lasting masculinizing effects of postnatal androgens on myelin governed by the brain androgen receptor. PLoS Genetics, 13, 13.
Gildawie, K. R., Orso, R., Peterzell, S., Thompson, V., & Brenhouse, H. C. (2020). Sex differences in prefrontal cortex microglia morphology: Impact of a two-hit model of adversity throughout development. Neuroscience Letters, 738, 135381.
Gillett, M. J., Martins, R. N., Clarnette, R. M., Chubb, S. A. P., Bruce, D. G., & Yeap, B. B. (2003). Relationship between testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and plasma amyloid beta peptide 40 in older men with subjective memory loss or dementia. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 5, 267-269.
Gillies, G. E., Pienaar, I. S., Vohra, S., & Qamhawi, Z. (2014). Sex differences in Parkinson's disease. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 35, 370-384.
Ginder, D. E., Wright, H. R., & McLaughlin, R. J. (2022). The stoned age: Sex differences in the effects of adolescent cannabinoid exposure on prefrontal cortex structure and function in animal models. International Review of Neurobiology, 161, 121-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.005
Goldstein, J. M., Seidman, L. J., Horton, N. J., Makris, N., Kennedy, D. N., Caviness, V. S., Faraone, S. V., & Tsuang, M. T. (2001). Normal sexual dimorphism of the adult human brain assessed by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Cereb Cortex, 11, 11-497.
Gorski, R. A., Gordon, J. H., Shryne, J. E., & Southam, A. M. (1978). Evidence for a morphological sex difference within the medial preoptic area of the rat brain. Brain Research, 148, 333-346.
Grassi, S., Giussani, P., Mauri, L., Prioni, S., Sonnino, S., & Prinetti, A. (2020). Lipid rafts and neurodegeneration: Structural and functional roles in physiologic aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of Lipid Research, 61, 636-654.
Growdon, J. H., & Hyman, B. T. (2014). APOE genotype and brain development. JAMA Neurology, 71(1), 7-8.
Guillamón, A., Segovia, S., Abril, A., & del. (1988). Early effects of gonadal steroids on the neuron number in the medial posterior region and the lateral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the rat. Developmental Brain Research, 44, 44-290.
Guo, X., Qiu, W., Garcia-Milian, R., Lin, X., Zhang, Y., Cao, Y., Tan, Y., Wang, Z., Shi, J., Wang, J., Liu, D., Song, L., Xu, Y., Wang, X., Liu, N., Sun, T., Zheng, J., Luo, J., Zhang, H., … Luo, X. (2017). Genome-wide significant, replicated and functional risk variants for Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria:1996), 124(11), 1455-1471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-017-1773-0
Gurvich, C., Thomas, N., & Kulkarni, J. (2020). Sex differences in cognition and aging and the influence of sex hormones. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 175, 103-115.
Haaxma, C. A., Bloem, B. R., Borm, G. F., Oyen, W. J. G., Leenders, K. L., Eshuis, S., Booij, J., Dluzen, D. E., & Horstink, M. W. I. M. (2007). Gender differences in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 78, 819-824.
Hadaczek, P., Wu, G., Sharma, N., Ciesielska, A., Bankiewicz, K., Davidow, A. L., Lu, Z. H., Forsayeth, J., & Ledeen, R. W. (2015). GDNF signaling implemented by GM1 ganglioside; failure in Parkinson's disease and GM1-deficient murine model. Experimental Neurology, 263, 177-189.
Hallett, P. J., Engelender, S., & Isacson, O. (2019). Lipid and immune abnormalities causing age-dependent neurodegeneration and Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 16, 1-15.
Hansberg-Pastor, V., González-Arenas, A., Piña-Medina, A. G., & Camacho-Arroyo, I. (2015). Sex hormones regulate cytoskeletal proteins involved in brain plasticity. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 6, 165.
Hanukoglu, I., Karavolas, H. J., & Goy, R. W. (1977). Progesterone metabolism in the pineal, brain stem, thalamus and corpus callosum of the female rat. Brain Research, 125, 313-324.
Hao, J., Rapp, P. R., Janssen, W. G. M., Lou, W., Lasley, B. L., Hof, P. R., & Morrison, J. H. (2007). Interactive effects of age and estrogen on cognition and pyramidal neurons in monkey prefrontal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 11465-11470.
Hartmann, P. A. (2011). Going the wrong road: Fyn and targeting of amyloid precursor protein to lipid rafts. Journal of Neurochemistry, 118, 677-679.
Heck, A. L., & Handa, R. J. (2019). Sex differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis' response to stress: An important role for gonadal hormones. Neuropsychopharmacology, 44(1), 45-58.
Henderson, V. W., & Buckwalter, J. G. (1994). Cognitive deficits of men and women with alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 44, 90.
Hennebelle, M., Morgan, R. K., Sethi, S., Zhang, Z., Chen, H., Grodzki, A. C., Lein, P. J., & Taha, A. Y. (2020). Linoleic acid-derived metabolites constitute the majority of oxylipins in the rat pup brain and stimulate axonal growth in primary rat cortical neuron-glia co-cultures in a sex-dependent manner. Journal of Neurochemistry, 152, 195-207.
Hillard, C. J. (2018). Circulating endocannabinoids: From whence Do they come and where are they Going? Neuropsychopharmacology, 43(1), 155-172.
Hohman, T. J., Dumitrescu, L., Barnes, L. L., Thambisetty, M., Beecham, G., Kunkle, B., Gifford, K. A., Bush, W. S., Chibnik, L. B., Mukherjee, S., de Jager, P. L., Kukull, W., Crane, P. K., Resnick, S. M., Keene, C. D., Montine, T. J., Schellenberg, G. D., Haines, J. L., Zetterberg, H., … for the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. (2018). Sex-specific association of apolipoprotein e with cerebrospinal fluid levels of tau. JAMA Neurology, 75, 989-998.
Hojo Y., Higo S., Ishii,H., Ooishi Y., Mukai H., Murakami G., Kominami T., Kimoto T., Honma S., Poirier D., Kawato S. (2009) Comparison between hippocampus- synthesized and circulation-derived sex steroids in the hippocampus. Endocrinology 150 (11), 5106-5112.
Hollingworth, P., Harold, D., Sims, R., Gerrish, A., Lambert, J. C., Carrasquillo, M. M., Abraham, R., Hamshere, M. L., Pahwa, J. S., Moskvina, V., Dowzell, K., Jones, N., Stretton, A., Thomas, C., Richards, A., Ivanov, D., Widdowson, C., Chapman, J., Lovestone, S., … Williams, J. (2011). Common variants at ABCA7, MS4A6A/MS4A4E, EPHA1, CD33 and CD2AP are associated with Alzheimer's disease. Nature Genetics, 43, 429-436.
Hong, D. S., & Reiss, A. L. (2014). Cognitive and neurological aspects of sex chromosome aneuploidies. Lancet Neurology, 13(3), 306-318.
Hsue, P. Y., Bittner, V. A., Betteridge, J., Fayyad, R., Laskey, R., Wenger, N. K., & Waters, D. D. (2015). Impact of female sex on lipid lowering, clinical outcomes, and adverse effects in atorvastatin trials. The American Journal of Cardiology, 115, 447-453.
Huang, G. Z., & Woolley, C. S. (2012). Estradiol acutely suppresses inhibition in the hippocampus through a sex-specific endocannabinoid and mGluR-dependent mechanism. Neuron, 74, 801-808.
Iliff, J. J., Jia, J., Nelson, J., Goyagi, T., Klaus, J., & Alkayed, N. J. (2010). Epoxyeicosanoid signaling in CNS function and disease. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators, 91(3-4), 68-84.
Ingalhalikar, M., Smith, A., Parker, D., Satterthwaite, T. D., Elliott, M. A., Ruparel, K., Hakonarson, H., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., & Verma, R. (2014). Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111, 823-828.
Itokazu, Y., Wang, J., & Yu, R. K. (2018). Gangliosides in nerve cell specification. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 156, 241-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.12.008
Izco, M., Carlos, E., & Alvarez-Erviti, L. (2022). Impact of endolysosomal dysfunction upon exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiology of Disease, 166, 105651.
Jacenik, D., Bagüés, A., López-Gómez, L., López-Tofiño, Y., Iriondo-DeHond, A., Serra, C., Banovcanová, L., Gálvez-Robleño, C., Fichna, J., Del Castillo, M. D., Uranga, J. A., & Abalo, R. (2021). Changes in fatty acid dietary profile affect the brain-gut axis functions of healthy young adult rats in a sex-dependent manner. Nutrients, 13(6), 1864. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061864
Janssen, C. I., & Kiliaan, A. J. (2014). Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from genesis to senescence: The influence of LCPUFA on neural development, aging, and neurodegeneration. Progress in Lipid Research, 53, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2013.10.002
Jeong, S. H., Lee, H. S., Chung, S. J., Yoo, H. S., Jung, J. H., Baik, K., Lee, Y. H., Sohn, Y. H., & Lee, P. H. (2021). Effects of statins on dopamine loss and prognosis in Parkinson's disease. Brain, 144, 3191-3200.
Jones, L., Holmans, P. A., Hamshere, M. L., Harold, D., Moskvina, V., Ivanov, D., Pocklington, A., Abraham, R., Hollingworth, P., Sims, R., Gerrish, A., Pahwa, J. S., Jones, N., Stretton, A., Morgan, A. R., Lovestone, S., Powell, J., Proitsi, P., Lupton, M. K., … Williams, J. (2010). Genetic evidence implicates the immune system and cholesterol metabolism in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease. PloS One, 5(11), e13950. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013950
Jové, M., Pradas, I., Dominguez-Gonzalez, M., Ferrer, I., & Pamplona, R. (2019). Lipids and lipoxidation in human brain aging. Mitochondrial ATP-synthase as a key lipoxidation target. Redox Biology, 23, 101082.
Kaczkurkin, A. N., Raznahan, A., & Satterthwaite, T. D. (2019). Sex differences in the developing brain: Insights from multimodal neuroimaging. Neuropsychopharmacology, 44, 71-85.
Kalia, L. V., & Lang, A. E. (2015). Parkinson's disease. Lancet, 386, 896-912.
Kao, Y., Ho, P., Tu, Y., Jou, I., & Tsai, K. (2020). Lipids and Alzheimer ’ s disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, 1505.
Karimi, R., Zarepur, E., Khosravi, A., Mohammadifard, N., Nouhi, F., Alikhasi, H., Nasirian, S., Sadeghi, M., Roohafza, H., Moezi Bady, S. A., Janjani, P., Solati, K., Lotfizadeh, M., Ghaffari, S., Javanmardi, E., Gholipour, M., Dehghani, M., Cheraghi, M., Assareh, A., … Sarrafzadegan, N. (2023). Ethnicity based differences in statin use and hypercholesterolemia control among patients with premature coronary artery disease-results of I-PAD study. International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention, 16, 200168.
Kay, J. G., & Grinstein, S. (2013). Phosphatidylserine-mediated cellular signaling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 991, 177-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6331-9_10
Khan, S. U., Khan, M. Z., Raghu Subramanian, C., Riaz, H., Khan, M. U., Lone, A. N., Khan, M. S., Benson, E. M., Alkhouli, M., Blaha, M. J., Blumenthal, R. S., Gulati, M., & Michos, E. D. (2020). Participation of women and older participants in randomized clinical trials of lipid-lowering therapies: A systematic review. JAMA Network Open, 3(5), e205202.
Kiely, K. M., Brady, B., & Byles, J. (2019). Gender, mental health and ageing. Maturitas, 129, 76-84.
Kight, K. E., McCarthy, M. M., & McCarthy, M. M. (2020). Androgens and the developing hippocampus. Biology of Sex Differences, 11(1), 30.
Kim, R., Park, S., Yoo, D., Ju, S. Y., Jun, J. S., & Jeon, B. (2021). Potential sex-specific effects of apolipoprotein e ϵ4 on cognitive decline in early Parkinson's disease. Journal of Parkinson's Disease, 11, 497-505.
Kim, W. S., Fitzgerald, M. L., Kang, K., Okuhira, K. I., Bell, S. A., Manning, J. J., Koehn, S. L., Lu, N., Moore, K. J., & Freeman, M. W. (2005). Abca7 null mice retain normal macrophage phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol efflux activity despite alterations in adipose mass and serum cholesterol levels. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280, 41953-41966.
Kissoondoyal, A., Rai-Bhogal, R., & Crawford, D. A. (2021). Abnormal dendritic morphology in the cerebellum of cyclooxygenase-2− knockin mice. The European Journal of Neuroscience, 54, 6355-6373.
Kitson, A. P., Smith, T. L., Marks, K. A., & Stark, K. D. (2012). Tissue-specific sex differences in docosahexaenoic acid and Δ6-desaturase in rats fed a standard chow diet. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 37, 1200-1211.
Kloske, C. M., & Wilcock, D. M. (2020). The important Interface between Apolipoprotein E and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 754.
Kochmanski, J., Kuhn, N. C., & Bernstein, A. I. (2022). Parkinson's disease-associated, sex-specific changes in DNA methylation at PARK7 (DJ-1), SLC17A6 (VGLUT2), PTPRN2 (IA-2β), and NR4A2 (NURR1) in cortical neurons. NPJ Parkinson's Disease, 8(1), 120.
Kogot-Levin, A., & Saada, A. (2014). Ceramide and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Biochimie, 100, 88-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.027
Kolata, G. B. (1979). Sex hormones and brain development. Science, 205(4410), 985-987.
Koran, M. E. I., Wagener, M., & Hohman, T. J. (2017). Sex differences in the association between AD biomarkers and cognitive decline. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 11, 205-213.
Kosowski, M., Smolarczyk-Kosowska, J., Hachuła, M., Maligłówka, M., Basiak, M., Machnik, G., Pudlo, R., & Okopień, B. (2021). The effects of statins on neurotransmission and their neuroprotective role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Molecules, 26, 1-19.
Kracun, I., Kalanj, S., Talan-Hranilovic, J., & Cosovic, C. (1992). Cortical distribution of gangliosides in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochemistry International, 20, 433-438.
Krishnaswami, A., Beavers, C., Dorsch, M. P., Dodson, J. A., Masterson Creber, R., Kitsiou, S., Goyal, P., Maurer, M. S., Wenger, N. K., Croy, D. S., Alexander, K. P., Batsis, J. A., Turakhia, M. P., Forman, D. E., Bernacki, G. M., Kirkpatrick, J. N., Orr, N. M., Peterson, E. D., Rich, M. W., … Bhavnani, S. P. (2020). Gerotechnology for older adults with cardiovascular diseases: JACC state-of-the-art review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 76, 2650-2670.Innovations, Cardiovascular Team and the Geriatric Cardiology Councils, American College of Cardiology
Kritzer, M. F., & Creutz, L. M. (2008). Region and sex differences in constituent dopamine neurons and immunoreactivity for intracellular estrogen and androgen receptors in mesocortical projections in rats. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 9525-9535.
Kuang, Z. M. (2020). Effect of combined antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapies on cognitive function: A new treatment strategy? Cardiology Research and Practice, 2020, 1-10.
Kunkle, B. W., Grenier-Boley, B., Sims, R., Bis, J. C., Damotte, V., Naj, A. C., Boland, A., Vronskaya, M., van der Lee, S. J., Amlie-Wolf, A., Bellenguez, C., Frizatti, A., Chouraki, V., Martin, E. R., Sleegers, K., Badarinarayan, N., Jakobsdottir, J., Hamilton-Nelson, K. L., Moreno-Grau, S., … Pericak-Vance, M. A. (2019). Author Correction: Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer's disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing. Nature Genetics, 51(3), 414-430. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0358-2
Kurz, E. M., Sengelaub, D. R., & Arnold, A. P. (1986). Androgens regulate the dendritic length of mammalian motoneurons in adulthood. Science, 232(4748), 395-398.
La Rosa, P., Bartoli, G., Farioli Vecchioli, S., Cesari, E., Pagliarini, V., & Sette, C. (2021). Androgen Receptor signaling promotes the neural progenitor cell pool in the developing cortex. Journal of Neurochemistry, 157(4), 1153-1166. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15192
Lambert, J. C., Ibrahim-Verbaas, C. A., Harold, D., Naj, A. C., Sims, R., Bellenguez, C., DeStafano, A. L., Bis, J. C., Beecham, G. W., Grenier-Boley, B., Russo, G., Thorton-Wells, T. A., Jones, N., Smith, A. V., Chouraki, V., Thomas, C., Ikram, M. A., Zelenika, D., Vardarajan, B. N., … Amouyel, P. (2013). Meta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease. Nature Genetics, 45, 1452-1458.
Larson, T. A. (2018). Sex steroids, adult neurogenesis, and inflammation in CNS homeostasis, degeneration, and repair. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 9, 205. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00205
Lauwers, E., Goodchild, R., & Verstreken, P. (2016). Membrane lipids in presynaptic function and disease. Neuron, 90, 11-25.
Ledesma, M. D., Martin, M. G., & Dotti, C. G. (2012). Lipid changes in the aged brain: Effect on synaptic function and neuronal survival. Progress in Lipid Research, 51, 23-35.
Leranth, C., Hajszan, T., & MacLusky, N. J. (2004). Androgens increase spine synapse density in the CA1 hippocampal subfield of Ovariectomized female rats. The Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 495-499.
Leranth, C., Petnehazy, O., & MacLusky, N. J. (2003). Gonadal hormones affect spine synaptic density in the CA1 hippocampal subfield of male rats. The Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 1588-1592.
Levant, B., Ozias, M. K., & Carlson, S. E. (2006). Sex-specific effects of brain LC-PUFA composition on locomotor activity in rats. Physiology & Behavior, 89, 196-204.
Lewis, C., McEwen, B. S., & Frankfurt, M. (1995). Estrogen-induction of dendritic spines in ventromedial hypothalamus and hippocampus: Effects of neonatal aromatase blockade and adult GDX. Developmental Brain Research, 87, 91-95.
Li, X., Kan, H. Y., Lavrentiadou, S., Krieger, M., & Zannis, V. (2002). Reconstituted discoidal apoE-phospholipid particles are ligands for the scavenger receptor BI. The amino-terminal 1-165 domain of apoE suffices for receptor binding. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277, 50607-50611.
Li, Y., Zhao, T., Li, J., Xia, M., Li, Y., Wang, X., Liu, C., Zheng, T., Chen, R., Kan, D., Xie, Y., Song, J., Feng, Y., Yu, T., & Sun, P. (2022). Oxidative stress and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE): Implications in the pathogenesis and treatment of aging-related diseases. Journal of Immunology Research, 2022, 1-12.
Lingwood, D., & Simons, K. (2010). Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle.
Logge, W., Cheng, D., Chesworth, R., Bhatia, S., Garner, B., Kim, W. S., & Karl, T. (2012). Role of Abca7 in mouse Behaviours relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. PLoS One, 7, e45959.
Luque, J. M., Blas, M. R., de Segovia, S., & Guillamón, A. (1992). Sexual dimorphism of the dopamine-β-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the rat locus ceruleus. Developmental Brain Research, 67, 211-215.
Ma, X., Li, X., Wang, W., Zhang, M., Yang, B., & Miao, Z. (2022). Phosphatidylserine, inflammation, and central nervous system diseases. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 14, 1-18.
Ma, Y. Y., Kong, S. Z., Yang, L. J., Meng, J. L., Lv, L. C., & He, M. (2007). Sexual dimorphisms of dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra. Sheng Li Xue Bao, 59, 753-758.
MacLusky, N. J., Hajszan, T., Johansen, J. A., Jordan, C. L., & Leranth, C. (2006). Androgen effects on hippocampal CA1 spine synapse numbers are retained in Tfm male rats with defective androgen receptors. Endocrinology, 147, 2392-2398.
Madeira, M. D., & Paula-Barbosa, M. M. (1993). Reorganization of mossy fiber synapses in male and female hypothyroid rats: A stereological study. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 337, 334-352.
Madeira, M. D., Sousa, N., & Paula-Barbosa, M. M. (1991). Sexual dimorphism in the mossy fiber synapses of the rat hippocampus. Experimental Brain Research, 87, 537-545.
Maioli, S., Leander, K., Nilsson, P., & Nalvarte, I. (2021). Estrogen receptors and the aging brain. Essays in Biochemistry, 65(6), 913-925.
Marin, R., Casañas, V., Pérez, J. A., Fabelo, N., Fernandez, C. E., & Diaz, M. (2013). Oestrogens as modulators of neuronal signalosomes and brain lipid homeostasis related to protection against neurodegeneration. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 25(11), 1104-1115.
Marin, R., & Diaz, M. (2018). Estrogen interactions with lipid rafts related to neuroprotection. Impact of brain ageing and menopause. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 128.
Martin, R., & Sospedra, M. (2014). Sphingosine-1 phosphate and central nervous system. Current topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 378, 149-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05879-5_7
Martinsen, A., Tejera, N., Vauzour, D., Harden, G., Dick, J., Shinde, S., Barden, A., Mori, T. A., & Minihane, A. M. (2019). Altered SPMs and age-associated decrease in brain DHA in APOE4 female mice. The FASEB Journal, 33, 10315-10326.
Maselli, A., Pierdominici, M., Vitale, C., & Ortona, E. (2015). Membrane lipid rafts and estrogenic signalling: A functional role in the modulation of cell homeostasis. Apoptosis, 20(5), 671-678.
Masters, C. L., Bateman, R., Blennow, K., Rowe, C. C., Sperling, R. A., & Cummings, J. L. (2015). Alzheimer's disease. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 1, 1-18.
Mata, I. F., Samii, A., Schneer, S. H., Roberts, J. W., Griffith, A., Leis, B. C., Schellenberg, G. D., Sidransky, E., Bird, T. D., Leverenz, J. B., Tsuang, D., & Zabetian, C. P. (2008). Glucocerebrosidase gene mutations: A risk factor for Lewy body disorders. Archives of Neurology, 65, 379-382.
Mathias, J. R., Dodd, M. E., Walters, K. B., Yoo, S. K., Erik, A., & Huttenlocher, A. (2010). Modeling a sensitization stage and a precipitation stage for Parkinson's disease using prenatal and postnatal 1-Methyl-4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration. Neuroscience, 169(3), 1085-1093.
Matsumoto, A., & Arai, Y. (1983). Sex difference in volume of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rat. Endocrinologia Japonica, 30(3), 277-280.
Mauvais-Jarvis, F., Bairey, M. N., Barnes, P. J., Brinton, R. D., Carrero, J. J., DeMeo, D. L., De Vries, G. J., et al. (2020). Sex and gender: Modifiers of health, disease, and medicine. Lancet, 396(10250), 565-582.
McCarthy, M. M. (2020). A new view of sexual differentiation of mammalian brain. Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, 206(3), 369-378.
McCarthy, M. M., Auger, A. P., & Perrot-Sinal, T. S. (2002). Getting excited about GABA and sex differences in the brain. Trends in Neurosciences, 25, 307-312.
McEwen, B. S., & Milner, T. A. (2017). Understanding the broad influence of sex hormones and sex differences in the brain. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 95, 24-39.
McEwen, B. S., Nasca, C., & Gray, J. D. (2016). Stress effects on neuronal structure: Hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(1), 3-23.
McFarlane, O., & Kędziora-Kornatowska, K. (2019). Cholesterol and dementia: A long and complicated relationship. Current Aging Science, 13, 42-51.
McGrattan, A. M., McGuinness, B., McKinley, M. C., Kee, F., Passmore, P., Woodside, J. V., & McEvoy, C. T. (2019). Diet and inflammation in cognitive ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Current Nutrition Reports, 8, 53-65.
McNamara, R. K., Liu, Y., Jandacek, R., Rider, T., & Tso, P. (2008). The aging human orbitofrontal cortex: Decreasing polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and associated increases in lipogenic gene expression and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 78(4-5), 293-304.
Mena, E., & Bolte, G. (2019). Intersectionality-based quantitative health research and sex/gender sensitivity: A scoping review. International Journal for Equity in Health, 18(1), 199.
Mencarelli, C., & Martinez-Martinez, P. (2013). Ceramide function in the brain: When a slight tilt is enough. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS, 70(2), 181-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-012-1038-x
Mercuro, G., Deidda, M., Bina, A., Manconi, E., & Rosano, G. M. (2011). Gender-specific aspects in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 17(11), 1082-1089. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161211795656954
Mesa-Herrera, F., Taoro-González, L., Valdés-Baizabal, C., Diaz, M., & Marín, R. (2019). Lipid and lipid raft alteration in aging and neurodegenerative diseases: A window for the development of new biomarkers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(15), 3810. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153810
Mielke, M. M., Ferretti, M. T., Iulita, M. F., Hayden, K., & Khachaturian, A. S. (2018). Sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease-Does it matter? Alzheimer's Dement, 14, 1101-1103.
Mielke, M. M., Vemuri, P., & Rocca, W. A. (2014). Clinical epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease: Assessing sex and gender differences. Clinical Epidemiology, 6, 37-48.
Moffat, S. D., Zonderman, A. B., Metter, E. J., Kawas, C., Blackman, M. R., Harman, S. M., & Resnick, S. M. (2004). Free testosterone and risk for Alzheimer disease in older men. Neurology, 62, 188-193.
Moll, T., Marshall, J. N. G., Soni, N., Zhang, S., Cooper-Knock, J., & Shaw, P. J. (2021). Membrane lipid raft homeostasis is directly linked to neurodegeneration. Essays in Biochemistry, 65, 999-1011.
Moll, T., Shaw, P. J., & Cooper-Knock, J. (2020). Disrupted glycosylation of lipids and proteins is a cause of neurodegeneration. Brain, 143, 143-1340.
Moor, E., Shohami, E., Kanevsky, E., Grigoriadis, N., Symeonidou, C., & Kohen, R. (2006). Impairment of the ability of the injured aged brain in elevating urate and ascorbate. Experimental Gerontology, 41, 303-311.
Morselli, E., de Souza Santos, R., Gao, S., Ávalos, Y., Criollo, A., Palmer, B. F., & Clegg, D. J. (2018). Impact of estrogens and estrogen receptor-α in brain lipid metabolism. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 315, E7-E14.
Morselli, E., Frank, A. P., Palmer, B. F., Rodriguez-Navas, C., Criollo, A., & Clegg, D. J. (2016). A sexually dimorphic hypothalamic response to chronic high-fat diet consumption. International Journal of Obesity, 40, 206-209.
Morselli, E., Fuente-Martin, E., Finan, B., Kim, M., Frank, A., Garcia-Caceres, C., Navas, C. R., Gordillo, R., Neinast, M., Kalainayakan, S. P., Li, D. L., Gao, Y., Yi, C. X., Hahner, L., Palmer, B. F., Tschöp, M. H., & Clegg, D. J. (2014). Hypothalamic PGC-1α protects against high-fat diet exposure by regulating ERα. Cell Reports, 9, 633-645.
Mortensen, E. L., & Høgh, P. (2001). A gender difference in the association between APOE genotype and age-related cognitive decline. Neurology, 57, 57-95.
Mukai, H., Tsurugizawa, T., Murakami, G., Kominami, S., Ishii, H., Ogiue-Ikeda, M., Takata, N., Tanabe, N., Furukawa, A., Hojo, Y., Ooishi, Y., Morrison, J. H., Janssen, W. G. M., Rose, J. A., Chambon, P., Kato, S., Izumi, S., Yamazaki, T., Kimoto, T., & Kawato, S. (2007). Rapid modulation of long-term depression and spinogenesis via synaptic estrogen receptors in hippocampal principal neurons. Journal of Neurochemistry, 100, 950-967.
Nalls, M. A., Blauwendraat, C., Vallerga, C. L., Heilbron, K., Bandres-Ciga, S., Chang, D., Tan, M., Kia, D. A., Noyce, A. J., Xue, A., Bras, J., Young, E., von Coelln, R., Simón-Sánchez, J., Schulte, C., Sharma, M., Krohn, L., Pihlstrøm, L., Siitonen, A., … Zhang, F. (2019). Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. Lancet Neurology, 18, 1091-1102.
Nanna, M. G., Navar, A. M., Wang, T. Y., Mi, X., Virani, S. S., Louie, M. J., Lee, L. V., Goldberg, A. C., Roger, V. L., Robinson, J., & Peterson, E. D. (2018). Statin use and adverse effects among adults >75 years of age: Insights from the patient and provider assessment of lipid management (PALM) registry. Journal of the American Heart Association, 7(10), e008546. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.008546
Nathan, B. P., Barsukova, A. G., Shen, F., McAsey, M., & Struble, R. G. (2004). Estrogen facilitates neurite extension via apolipoprotein E in cultured adult mouse cortical neurons. Endocrinology, 145(7), 3065-3073.
Naudí, A., Cabré, R., Jové, M., Ayala, V., Gonzalo, H., Portero-Otín, M., Ferrer, I., & Pamplona, R. (2015). Lipidomics of human brain aging and Alzheimer's disease pathology. International Review of Neurobiology, 122, 133-189.
Nebel, R. A., Aggarwal, N. T., Barnes, L. L., Gallagher, A., Goldstein, J. M., Kantarci, K., Mallampalli, M. P., Mormino, E. C., Scott, L., Yu, W. H., Maki, P. M., & Mielke, M. M. (2018). Understanding the impact of sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease: A call to action. Alzheimer's Dement, 14, 1171-1183.
Nelson, D. L., & Cox, M. M. (2017). Lehninger principles of biochemistry (7th ed.). W.H. Freeman.
Nettiksimmons, J., Tranah, G., Evans, D. S., Yokoyama, J. S., & Yaffe, K. (2016). Gene-based aggregate SNP associations between candidate AD genes and cognitive decline. Age (Omaha), 38, 38.
Neumann, J., Bras, J., Deas, E., O'Sullivan, S. S., Parkkinen, L., Lachmann, R. H., Li, A., Holton, J., Guerreiro, R., Paudel, R., Segarane, B., Singleton, A., Lees, A., Hardy, J., Houlden, H., Revesz, T., & Wood, N. W. (2009). Glucocerebrosidase mutations in clinical and pathologically proven Parkinson's disease. Brain, 132, 1783-1794.
Nguyen, D., Dhanasekaran, P., Nickel, M., Mizuguchi, C., Watanabe, M., Saito, H., Phillips, M. C., & Lund-Katz, S. (2014). Influence of domain stability on the properties of human apolipoprotein E3 and E4 and mouse apolipoprotein e. Biochemistry, 53, 4025-4033.
Nilsen, J., & Brinton, R. D. (2002). Impact of progestins on estrogen-induced neuroprotection: Synergy by progesterone and 19-norprogesterone and antagonism by medroxyprogesterone acetate. Endocrinology, 143, 205-212.
Norman, J. E., Nuthikattu, S., Milenkovic, D., Rutledge, J. C., & Villablanca, A. C. (2022). Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and essential fatty acids A high sucrose diet modifies brain oxylipins in a sex-dependent manner. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 186, 102506.
Obeso, J. A., Stamelou, M., Goetz, C. G., Poewe, W., Lang, A. E., Weintraub, D., Burn, D., Halliday, G. M., Bezard, E., Przedborski, S., Lehericy, S., Brooks, D. J., Rothwell, J. C., Hallett, M., DeLong, M. R., Marras, C., Tanner, C. M., Ross, G. W., Langston, J. W., … Stoessl, A. J. (2017). Past, present, and future of Parkinson's disease: A special essay on the 200th anniversary of the shaking palsy. Movement Disorders, 32, 1264-1310.
O'Brien, J. S., & Sampson, E. L. (1965). Lipid composition of the normal human brain: Gray matter, white matter, and myelin. Journal of Lipid Research, 6, 545-551.
Oguro, H., Okada, K., Yamaguchi, S., & Kobayashi, S. (1998). Sex differences in morphology of the brain stem and cerebellum with normal ageing. Neuroradiology, 40, 788-792.
Ohsawa, T., & Shumiya, S. (1991). Age-related alteration of brain gangliosides in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM)-P/8 9. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 59, 263-274.
Olmastroni, E., Boccalari, M. T., Tragni, E., Rea, F., Merlino, L., Corrao, G., Catapano, A. L., & Casula, M. (2020). Sex-differences in factors and outcomes associated with adherence to statin therapy in primary care: Need for customisation strategies. Pharmacological Research, 155, 104514.
Olmos, G., Naftolin, F., Perez, J., Tranque, P. A., & Garcia-Segura, L. M. (1989). Synaptic remodeling in the rat arcuate nucleus during the estrous cycle. Neuroscience, 32, 663-667.
Ooi, K. L. M., Vacy, K., & Boon, W. C. (2021). Fatty acids and beyond: Age and Alzheimer's disease related changes in lipids reveal the neuro-nutraceutical potential of lipids in cognition. Neurochemistry International, 149, 105143.
Ortega, R. A., Bressman, S. B., Raymond, D., Ozelius, L. J., Katsnelson, V., Leaver, K., Swan, M. C., Shanker, V., Miravite, J., Wang, C., Bennett, S., & Saunders-Pullman, R. (2022). Differences in sex-specific frequency of Glucocerebrosidase variant carriers and familial parkinsonism. Movement Disorders, 37(11), 2217-2225.
Ostermann, A. I., Reutzel, M., Hartung, N., Franke, N., Kutzner, L., Schoenfeld, K., Weylandt, K. H., Eckert, G. P., & Schebb, N. H. (2017). A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids enhances expression of soluble epoxide hydrolase in murine brain. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators, 133, 79-87.
Palestini, P., Toppi, N., Ferraretto, A., Pitto, M., & Masserini, M. (1997). Ganglioside lateralization in the brain of female rats. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 50, 643-648.
Panzica, G. C., & Melcangi, R. C. (2016). Structural and molecular brain sexual differences: A tool to understand sex differences in health and disease. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 67, 2-8.
Paoletti, A. M., Congia, S., Lello, S., Tedde, D., Orrù, M., Pistis, M., Pilloni, M., Zedda, P., Loddo, A., & Melis, G. B. (2004). Low androgenization index in elderly women and elderly men with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 62, 301-303.
Paquette, M., Faubert, S., Saint-Pierre, N., Baass, A., & Bernard, S. (2023). Sex differences in LDL-C response to PCSK9 inhibitors: A real world experience. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 17(1), 142-149.
Parducz, A., & Garcia-Segura, L. M. (1993). Sexual differences in the synaptic connectivity in the rat dentate gyrus. Neuroscience Letters, 161, 53-56.
Pasha, R., Azmi, S., Ferdousi, M., Kalteniece, A., Bashir, B., Gouni-Berthold, I., Malik, R. A., & Soran, H. (2022). Lipids, lipid-lowering therapy, and neuropathy: A narrative review. Clinical Therapeutics, 44, 1012-1025.
Patisaul, H. B., Fortino, A. E., & Polston, E. K. (2008). Sex differences in serotonergic but not γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABA) projections to the rat ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Endocrinology, 149, 397-408.
Payami, H., Zareparsi, S., Montee, K. R., Sexton, G. J., Kaye, J. A., Bird, T. D., Yu, C. E., Wijsman, E. M., Heston, L. L., Litt, M., & Schellenberg, G. D. (1996). Gender difference in apolipoprotein E-associated risk for familial alzheimer disease: A possible clue to the higher incidence of alzheimer disease in women. American Journal of Human Genetics, 58, 803-811.
Payne, A. H., & Hales, D. B. (2004). Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones. Endocrine Reviews, 25, 947-970.
Peedikayil-Kurien, S., Setty, H., & Oren-Suissa, M. (2022). Environmental experiences shape sexually dimorphic neuronal circuits and behaviour. The FEBS Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16714
Penke, B., Paragi, G., Gera, J., Berkecz, R., Kovács, Z., Crul, T., & VÍgh, L. (2018). The role of lipids and membranes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive view. Current Alzheimer Research, 15, 1-22.
Perrin, R. J., Woods, W. S., Clayton, D. F., & George, J. M. (2000). Interaction of human α-synuclein and Parkinson's disease variants with phospholipids: Structural analysis using site-directed mutagenesis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275, 34393-34398.
Perrot-Sinal, T. S., Davis, A. M., & McCarthy, M. M. (2001). Developmental sex differences in glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and the housekeeping gene, GAPDH. Brain Research, 922, 201-208.
Peters, S. A. E., Colantonio, L. D., Zhao, H., Bittner, V., Dai, Y., Farkouh, M. E., Monda, K. L., Safford, M. M., Muntner, P., & Woodward, M. (2018). Sex differences in high-intensity statin use following myocardial infarction in the United States. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71, 1729-1737.
Phillips, G. R., Hancock, S. E., Jenner, A. M., McLean, C., Newell, K. A., & Mitchell, T. W. (2022). Phospholipid profiles are selectively altered in the putamen and White frontal cortex of Huntington's disease. Nutrients, 14, 14.
Phoenix, C. H., Goy, R. W., Gerall, A. A., & Young, W. C. (1959). Organizing action of prenatally administered testosterone propionate on the tissues mediating mating behavior in the female guinea pig. Endocrinology, 65, 369-382. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-65-3-369
Poeppl, T. B., Langguth, B., Rupprecht, R., Safron, A., Bzdok, D., Laird, A. R., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2016). The neural basis of sex differences in sexual behavior: A quantitative meta-analysis. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 43, 28-43.
Poewe, W., Seppi, K., Tanner, C. M., Halliday, G. M., Brundin, P., Volkmann, J., Schrag, A. E., & Lang, A. E. (2017). Parkinson disease. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3, 1-21.
Pozzi, S., Benedusi, V., Maggi, A., & Vegeto, E. (2006). Estrogen action in neuroprotection and brain inflammation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1089, 302-323.
Prince, M., Ali, G. C., Guerchet, M., Prina, A. M., Albanese, E., & Wu, Y. T. (2016). Recent global trends in the prevalence and incidence of dementia, and survival with dementia. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy, 8, 23.
Prinetti A., Chigorno V., Mauri L., Loberto N., Sonnino S. (2007) Modulation of cell functions by glycosphingolipid metabolic remodeling in the plasma membrane. Journal of Neurochemistry.103 Suppl 1:113-125.
Proia, R. L., & Hla, T. (2015). Emerging biology of sphingosine-1-phosphate: its role in pathogenesis and therapy. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 125(4), 1379-1387. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI76369
Prokopenko, D., Hecker, J., Kirchner, R., Chapman, B. A., Hoffman, O., Mullin, K., Hide, W., Bertram, L., Laird, N., DeMeo, D. L., Lange, C., & Tanzi, R. E. (2020). Identification of novel Alzheimer's disease loci using sex-specific family-based association analysis of whole-genome sequence data. Scientific Reports, 10, 5029.
Ramanan, V. K., Castillo, A. M., Knopman, D. S., Graff-Radford, J., Lowe, V. J., Petersen, R. C., Jack, C. R., Mielke, M. M., & Vemuri, P. (2019). Association of apolipoprotein e ϵ4, educational level, and sex with tau deposition and tau-mediated metabolic dysfunction in older adults. JAMA Netw Open, 2, e1913909.
Rappley, I., Myers, D. S., Milne, S. B., Ivanova, P. T., LaVoie, M. J., Brown, H. A., & Selkoe, D. J. (2009). Lipidomic profiling in mouse brain reveals differences between ages and genders, with smaller changes associated with α- Synuclein genotype. Journal of Neurochemistry, 111, 15-25.
Rasia-Filho, A. A., Haas, D., de Oliveira, A. P., de Castilhos, J., Frey, R., Stein, D., Lazzari, V. M., Back, F., Pires, G. N., Pavesi, E., Winkelmann-Duarte, E. C., & Giovenardi, M. (2012). Morphological and functional features of the sex steroid-responsive posterodorsal medial amygdala of adult rats. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 12, 12-1106.
Ratnakumar, A., Zimmerman, S. E., Jordan, B. A., & Mar, J. C. (2019). Estrogen activates Alzheimer's disease genes. Alzheimer's & Dementia (New York, N. Y.), 5, 906-917.
Rea, T. D., Breitner, J. C., Psaty, B. M., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Lopez, O. L., Newman, A. B., Hazzard, W. R., Zandi, P. P., Burke, G. L., Lyketsos, C. G., Bernick, C., & Kuller, L. H. (2005). Statin use and the risk of incident dementia: The cardiovascular health study. Archives of Neurology, 62, 1047.
Reekes, T. H., Higginson, C. I., Ledbetter, C. R., Sathivadivel, N., Zweig, R. M., & Disbrow, E. A. (2020). Sex specific cognitive differences in Parkinson disease. NPJ Parkinson's Disease, 6, 7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-020-0109-1
Rehbein, E., Hornung, J., Sundström, P. I., & Derntl, B. (2021). Shaping of the female human brain by sex hormones: A review. Neuroendocrinology, 111, 183-206.
Riekkinen, P., Rinne, U. K., Pelliniemi, T. T., & Sonninen, V. (1975). Interaction between dopamine and phospholipids: Studies of the substantia Nigra in Parkinson disease patients. Archives of Neurology, 32, 25.
Robak, L. A., Jansen, I. E., van Rooij, J., Uitterlinden, A. G., Kraaij, R., Jankovic, J., International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), Heutink, P., & Shulman, J. M. (2017). Excessive burden of lysosomal storage disorder gene variants in Parkinson's disease. Brain, 140, 3191-3203.
Rockwood, K., & Darvesh, S. (2003). The risk of dementia in relation to statins and other lipid lowering agents. Neurological Research, 25, 601-604.
Romeo, R. D., McCarthy, J. B., Wang, A., Milner, T. A., & McEwen, B. S. (2005). Sex differences in hippocampal estradiol-induced N-methyl-D-aspartic acid binding and ultrastructural localization of estrogen receptor-alpha. Neuroendocrinology, 81, 81-399.
Roof, R. L., & Hall, E. D. (2000). Gender differences in acute CNS trauma and stroke: Neuroprotective effects of estrogen and progesterone. Journal of Neurotrauma, 17, 367-388.
Rosenfeld, C. S. (2017). Brain sexual differentiation and requirement of SRY: Why or why not? Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 632.
Ruigrok, A. N. V., Salimi-Khorshidi, G., Lai, M. C., Baron-Cohen, S., Lombardo, M. V., Tait, R. J., & Suckling, J. (2014). A meta-analysis of sex differences in human brain structure. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 39(100), 34-50.
Ruscica, M., Ferri, N., Santos, R. D., Sirtori, C. R., & Corsini, A. (2021). Lipid lowering drugs: Present status and future developments. Current Atherosclerosis Reports, 23, 17.
Sá, S. I., Lukoyanova, E., & Madeira, M. D. (2009). Effects of estrogens and progesterone on the synaptic organization of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus. Neuroscience, 162, 307-316.
Sá, S. I., & Madeira, M. D. (2005). Estrogen modulates the sexually dimorphic synaptic connectivity of the ventromedial nucleus. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 484, 68-79.
Sá, S. I., Teixeira, N., & Fonseca, B. M. (2018). Effects of tamoxifen on neuronal morphology, connectivity and biochemistry of hypothalamic ventromedial neurons: Impact on the modulators of sexual behavior. Neurobiology of Disease, 109, 33-43.
Sabatine, M. S., Giugliano, R. P., Keech, A. C., Honarpour, N., Wiviott, S. D., Murphy, S. A., Kuder, J. F., Wang, H., Liu, T., Wasserman, S. M., Sever, P. S., & Pedersen, T. R. (2017). Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. The New England Journal of Medicine, 376, 1713-1722.
Saldanha, C. J., Duncan, K. A., & Walters, B. J. (2009). Neuroprotective actions of brain aromatase. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 30(2), 106-118.
Samant, N. P., & Gupta, G. L. (2021). Novel therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease targeting brain cholesterol homeostasis. The European Journal of Neuroscience, 53, 673-686.
Sang, N., & Chen, C. (2006). Lipid signaling and synaptic plasticity. The Neuroscientist, 12, 425-434.
Sarchielli, E., Comeglio, P., Filippi, S., Cellai, I., Guarnieri, G., Marzoppi, A., Cipriani, S., Vignozzi, L., Morelli, A., & Maggi, M. (2021). Neuroprotective effects of testosterone in the hypothalamus of an animal model of metabolic syndrome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 1589. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041589
Sastry, P. S. (1985). Lipids of nervous tissue: Composition and metabolism. Progress in Lipid Research, 24(2), 69-176.
Scheltens, P., De Strooper, B., Kivipelto, M., Holstege, H., Chételat, G., Teunissen, C. E., Cummings, J., & van der Flier, W. M. (2021). Alzheimer's disease. Lancet (London, England), 397(10284), 1577-1590. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32205-4
Schultz, B. G., Patten, D. K., & Berlau, D. J. (2018). The role of statins in both cognitive impairment and protection against dementia: A tale of two mechanisms. Translational Neurodegeneration, 27(7), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-018-0110-3
Segarra, A. C., & McEwen, B. S. (1991). Estrogen increases spine density in ventromedial hypothalamic neurons of peripubertal rats. Neuroendocrinology, 54, 365-372.
Segatto, M., Giovanni, A., Di, M. M., & Pallottini, V. (2013). Analysis of the protein network of cholesterol homeostasis in different brain regions: An age and sex dependent perspective. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 228, 1561-1567.
Setó-Salvia, N., Pagonabarraga, J., Houlden, H., Pascual-Sedano, B., Dols-Icardo, O., Tucci, A., Paisán-Ruiz, C., Campolongo, A., Antón-Aguirre, S., Martín, I., Muñoz, L., Bufill, E., Vilageliu, L., Grinberg, D., Cozar, M., Blesa, R., Lleó, A., Hardy, J., Kulisevsky, J., & Clarimón, J. (2012). Glucocerebrosidase mutations confer a greater risk of dementia during Parkinson's disease course. Movement Disorders, 27, 393-399.
Seyfried, T. N., Choi, H., Chevalier, A., Hogan, D., Akgoc, Z., & Schneider, J. S. (2018). Sex-related abnormalities in substantia Nigra lipids in Parkinson's disease. ASN Neuro, 10, 10.
Shepardson, N. E., Shankar, G. M., & Selkoe, D. J. (2011). Cholesterol level and statin use in Alzheimer disease: I. review of epidemiological and preclinical studies. Archives of Neurology, 68(10), 1239-1244.
Sherwin, B. B. (2012). Estrogen and cognitive functioning in women: Lessons we have learned. Behavioral Neuroscience, 126, 123-127.
Shibata, N., Kato, Y., Inose, Y., Hiroi, A., Yamamoto, T., Morikawa, S., Sawada, M., & Kobayashi, M. (2011). 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal upregulates and phosphorylates cytosolic phospholipase A2 in cultured Ra2 microglial cells via MAPK pathways. Neuropathology, 31, 122-128.
Simons, M., Keller, P., Dichgans, J., & Schulz, J. B. (2001). Cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease: Is there a link? Neurology, 57, 1089-1093.
Simón-Sánchez, J., Schulte, C., Bras, J. M., Sharma, M., Gibbs, J. R., Berg, D., Paisan-Ruiz, C., Lichtner, P., Scholz, S. W., Hernandez, D. G., Krüger, R., Federoff, M., Klein, C., Goate, A., Perlmutter, J., Bonin, M., Nalls, M. A., Illig, T., Gieger, C., … Gasser, T. (2009). Genome-wide association study reveals genetic risk underlying Parkinson's disease. Nature Genetics, 41, 1308-1312.
Sipione, S., Monyror, J., Galleguillos, D., Steinberg, N., & Kadam, V. (2020). Gangliosides in the brain: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Applications. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 572965.
Skowronska-Krawczyk, D., & Budin, I. (2020). Aging membranes: Unexplored functions for lipids in the lifespan of the central nervous system. Experimental Gerontology, 131, 110817.
Slotnick, S. D. (2021). Sex differences in the brain. Cognitive Neuroscience, 12, 103-105.
Sobočanec, S., Balog, T., Kušć, B., Šverko, V., Šarić, A., & Marotti, T. (2008). Differential response to lipid peroxidation in male and female mice with age: Correlation of antioxidant enzymes matters. Biogerontology, 9, 335-343.
Sobočanec, S., Balog, T., Šverko, V., & Marotti, T. (2003). Sex-dependent antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in ageing mouse brain. Free Radical Research, 37, 743-748.
Sohrabji, F. (2015). Estrogen-IGF-1 interactions in neuroprotection: Ischemic stroke as a case study. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 36, 1-14.
Song, L., Mao, J., Wang, Q., Chen, A., Sun, R., Li, X., Luo, J., Zhao, P., Shi, Y., Su, Y., Liu, K., Yuan, F., Wang, S., Li, Y., Zhang, H., Yu, D., & Shi, H. (2022). Long-lasting and sex-dependent effects of Postweaning swimming exercise on social dominance in adult mice. Neuroscience, 498, 224-234.
Sonnino, S., Aureli, M., Grassi, S., Mauri, L., Prioni, S., & Prinetti, A. (2014). Lipid rafts in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Molecular Neurobiology, 50, 130-148.
Sonnino, S., & Prinetti, A. (2012). Membrane domains and the lipid raft concept. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 20, 4-21.
Sottero, B., Rossin, D., Poli, G., & Biasi, F. (2018). Lipid oxidation products in the pathogenesis of inflammation-related gut diseases. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 25(11), 1311-1326. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170619104105
Spence, R. D., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2012). Neuroprotective effects of estrogens and androgens in CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 33(1), 105-115.
Spiteller, G. (2002). Are changes of the cell membrane structure causally involved in the aging process? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 959, 30-44.
Spring, S., Lerch, J. P., & Henkelman, R. M. (2007). Sexual dimorphism revealed in the structure of the mouse brain using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. NeuroImage, 35, 35-1433.
Starčević, K., Filipović, N., Šperanda, M., Đidara, M., & Mašek, T. (2017). The influence of sex and gonadectomy on hepatic and brain fatty acid composition, lipogenesis and β-oxidation. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 101, 649-657.
Steinberg, S., Stefansson, H., Jonsson, T., Johannsdottir, H., Ingason, A., Helgason, H., Sulem, P., et al. (2015). Loss-of-function variants in ABCA7 confer risk of Alzheimer's disease. Nature Genetics, 47, 445-447.
Stern, Y., Tang, M. X., Albert, M. S., Brandt, J., Jacobs, D. M., Bell, K., Marder, K., Sano, M., Devanand, D., Albert, S. M., Bylsma, F., & Tsai, W. Y. (1997). Predicting time to nursing home care and death in individuals with Alzheimer disease. JAMA, 277, 806-812.
Svennerholm, L., Boström, K., Fredman, P., Månsson, J. E., Rosengren, B., & Rynmark, B. M. (1989). Human brain gangliosides: Developmental changes from early fetal stage to advanced age. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1005, 109-117.
Svennerholm, L., Boström, K., Helander, C. G., & Jungbjer, B. (1991). Membrane lipids in the aging human brain. Journal of Neurochemistry, 56, 2051-2059.
Svennerholm, L., Boström, K., Jungbjer, B., & Olsson, L. (1994). Membrane lipids of adult human brain: Lipid composition of frontal and temporal lobe in subjects of age 20-100 years. Journal of Neurochemistry, 63, 1802-1811.
Swaab, D. F., Chung, W. C., Kruijver, F. P., Hofman, M. A., & Hestiantoro, A. (2003). Sex differences in the hypothalamus in the different stages of human life. Neurobiology of Aging, 24(Suppl 1), S1-S19. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(03)00059-9
Tabatadze, N., Huang, G., May, R. M., Jain, A., & Woolley, C. S. (2015). Sex differences in molecular signaling at inhibitory synapses in the hippocampus. The Journal of Neuroscience, 35, 11252-11265.
Tadiri, C. P., Raparelli, V., Abrahamowicz, M., Kautzy-Willer, A., Kublickiene, K., Herrero, M. T., Norris, C. M., & Pilote, L. (2021). Methods for prospectively incorporating gender into health sciences research. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 129, 191-197.
Tassoni, D., Kaur, G., Weisinger, R. S., & Sinclair, A. J. (2008). The role of eicosanoids in the brain. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 17(Suppl 1), 220-228.
Teissier, T., Boulanger, E., & Deramecourt, V. (2020). Normal ageing of the brain: Histological and biological aspects. Revue Neurologique (Paris), 176, 649-660.
Thanky, N. R., Son, J. H., & Herbison, A. E. (2002). Sex differences in the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription by estrogen in the locus coeruleus of TH9-LacZ transgenic mice. Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research, 104, 220-226.
Tipton, P. W., Bülbül, N. G., Crook, J. E., Quicksall, Z., Ross, O. A., Uitti, R. J., Wszolek, Z. K., & Ertekin-Taner, N. (2021). Effects of sex and APOE on Parkinson's disease-related cognitive decline. Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska, 55, 559-566.
Trova, S., Bovetti, S., Bonzano, S., De Marchis, S., & Peretto, P. (2021). Sex steroids and the shaping of the peripubertal brain: The sexual-dimorphic set-up of adult neurogenesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(15), 7984. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157984
Jessica Tulloch, Lesley Leong, Zachary Thomson, Sunny Chen, Eun-Gyung Lee, C. Keene D., Steven P. Millard, Chang-En Yu (2018) Glia-specific APOE epigenetic changes in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Brain Research 1698:179-186.
Tu-Sekine, B., Goldschmidt, H., & Raben, D. M. (2015). Diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and their metabolic enzymes in synaptic vesicle recycling. Advances in Biological Regulation, 57, 147-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbior.2014.09.010
Udagawa, J., & Hino, K. (2022). Plasmalogen in the brain: Effects on cognitive functions and behaviors attributable to its properties. Brain Research Bulletin, 188, 197-202.
Ueki, A., Shinjo, H., Shimode, H., Nakajima, T., & Morita, Y. (2001). Factors associated with mortality in patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease: A five-year longitudinal study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16, 16-815.
Ugalde, C. L., Lawson, V. A., Finkelstein, D. I., & Hill, A. F. (2019). The role of lipids in -synuclein misfolding and neurotoxicity. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 294(23), 9016-9028.
Uhl, M., Schmeisser, M. J., & Schumann, S. (2022). The sexual dimorphic synapse: From spine density to molecular composition. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 15, 818390.
Vallés, A. S., & Barrantes, F. J. (2022). The synaptic lipidome in health and disease. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes, 1864(11), 184033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184033
VanRyzin, J. W., Marquardt, A. E., Pickett, L. A., & McCarthy, M. M. (2020). Microglia and sexual differentiation of the developing brain: A focus on extrinsic factors. Glia, 68, 1100-1113.
Venkateshappa, C., Harish, G., Mahadevan, A., Srinivas Bharath, M. M., & Shankar, S. K. (2012). Elevated oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant function in the human hippocampus and frontal cortex with increasing age: Implications for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochemical Research, 37, 1601-1614.
Villa, A., Vegeto, E., Poletti, A., & Maggi, A. (2016). Estrogens, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Endocrine Reviews, 37(4), 372-402.
Virmani, A., Pinto, L., Binienda, Z., & Ali, S. (2013). Food, nutrigenomics, and neurodegeneration-Neuroprotection by what you eat! Molecular Neurobiology, 48, 353-362.
Vozella, V., Basit, A., Misto, A., & Piomelli, D. (2017). Age-dependent changes in nervonic acid-containing sphingolipids in mouse hippocampus. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1862, 1502-1511.
Wallen, K. (2005). Hormonal influences on sexually differentiated behavior in nonhuman primates. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 26, 7-26.
Wallen, K. (2009). The organizational hypothesis: Reflections on the 50th anniversary of the publication of Phoenix, Goy, Gerall, and Young (1959). Hormones and Behavior, 55(5), 561-565.
Wang, Y., Liu, L., Xiong, J., Zhang, X., Chen, Z., Yu, L., Chen, C., Huang, J., Zhang, Z., Mohmed, A. A., Lin, Z., Xiong, N., & Wang, T. (2012). Glucocerebrosidase L444P mutation confers genetic risk for Parkinson's disease in Central China. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 8, 57.
Watzka, M., Bidlingmaier, F., Schramm, J., Klingmüller, D., & Stoffel-Wagner, B. (1999). Sex- and age-specific differences in human brain CYP11A1 mRNA expression. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 11, 901-905.
Wellman, C. L., Bollinger, J. L., & Moench, K. M. (2020). Effects of stress on the structure and function of the medial prefrontal cortex: Insights from animal models. International Review of Neurobiology, 150, 129-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2019.11.007
Więckowska-Gacek, A., Mietelska-Porowska, A., Wydrych, M., & Wojda, U. (2021). Western diet as a trigger of Alzheimer's disease: From metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Ageing Research Reviews, 70, 101397.
Wissman, A. M., May, R. M., & Woolley, C. S. (2012). Ultrastructural analysis of sex differences in nucleus accumbens synaptic connectivity. Brain Structure & Function, 217, 181-190.
Witt, K. A., & Sandoval, K. E. (2014). Steroids and the blood-brain barrier: Therapeutic implications. Advances in Pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.), 71, 361-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.2014.06.018
Wolozin, B., Kellman, W., Ruosseau, P., Celesia, G. G., & Siegel, G. (2000). Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Archives of Neurology, 57, 1439-1443.
Wong, M. W., Braidy, N., Poljak, A., Pickford, R., Thambisetty, M., & Sachdev, P. S. (2017). Dysregulation of lipids in Alzheimer's disease and their role as potential biomarkers. Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 13, 810-827.
Wong, M. W. K., Braidy, N., Pickford, R., Vafaee, F., Crawford, J., Muenchhoff, J., Schofield, P., Attia, J., Brodaty, H., Sachdev, P., & Poljak, A. (2019). Plasma lipidome variation during the second half of the human life span is associated with age and sex but minimally with BMI. PlosOne, 14, e0214141.
Woolley, C. S., Weiland, N. G., McEwen, B. S., & Schwartzkroin, P. A. (1997). Estradiol increases the sensitivity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells to NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic input: Correlation with dendritic spine density. The Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 1848-1859.
Wooten, G. F., Currie, L. J., Bovbjerg, V. E., Lee, J. K., & Patrie, J. (2004). Are men at greater risk for Parkinson's disease than women? Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 75, 637-639.
Wu, D. F., Lin, D., Lu, F., Liao, Q. C., Wu, Y. J., Wang, Z., Yu, K., Li, W. J., & Deng, J. L. (2020). Sex-specific influence of the SCARB1 Rs5888 SNP on the serum lipid response to atorvastatin in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, 13, 553-561. https://doi.org/10.2147/PGPM.S273346
Wu, G., Lu, Z.-H., Kulkarni, N., & Ledeen, R. W. (2012). Deficiency of ganglioside GM1 correlates with Parkinson's disease in mice and humans. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 90, 1997-2008.
Xiao, S., Finkielstein, C. V., & Capelluto, D. G. (2013). The enigmatic role of sulfatides: new insights into cellular functions and mechanisms of protein recognition. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 991, 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6331-9_3
Xicoy, H., Wieringa, B., & Martens, G. J. M. (2019). The role of lipids in Parkinson's disease. Cells, 8(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8010027
Xu, Q., Bernardo, A., Walker, D., Kanegawa, T., Mahley, R. W., & Huang, Y. (2006). Profile and regulation of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) expression in the CNS in mice with targeting of green fluorescent protein gene to the ApoE locus. The Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 4985-4994.
Xu, Y. H., Barnes, S., Sun, Y., & Grabowski, G. A. (2010). Multi-system disorders of glycosphingolipid and ganglioside metabolism. Journal of Lipid Research, 51(7), 1643-1675. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R003996
Yan, J., Sun, J., Huang, L., Fu, Q., & Du, G. (2014). Simvastatin prevents neuroinflammation by inhibiting N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor 1 in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated PC12 cells. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 92, 634-640.
Yan, J., Xu, Y., Zhu, C., Zhang, L., Wu, A., Yang, Y., Xiong, Z., Deng, C., Huang, X. F., Yenari, M. A., Yang, Y. G., Ying, W., & Wang, Q. (2011). Simvastatin prevents dopaminergic neurodegeneration in experimental parkinsonian models: The association with anti-inflammatory responses. PLoS One, 6, e20945.
Yin, F. (2022). Lipid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: Clinical evidence, mechanistic link and therapeutic promise. The FEBS Journal, 290, 1420-1453.
Yin, H., Xu, L., & Porter, N. A. (2011). Free radical lipid peroxidation: Mechanisms and analysis. Chemical Reviews, 111(10), 5944-5972.
Zachry, J. E., Nolan, S. O., Brady, L. J., Kelly, S. J., Siciliano, C. A., & Calipari, E. S. (2021). Sex differences in dopamine release regulation in the striatum. Neuropsychopharmacology, 46, 491-499.
Zampino, M., Polidori, M. C., Ferrucci, L., Neill, D. O., Pilotto, A., Gogol, M., & Rubenstein, L. (2022). Biomarkers of aging in real life : Three questions on aging and the comprehensive geriatric assessment. GeroScience, 44, 2611-2622.
Zarrouk, A., Vejux, A., Mackrill, J., O'Callaghan, Y., Hammami, M., O'Brien, N., & Lizard, G. (2014). Involvement of oxysterols in age-related diseases and ageing processes. Ageing Research Reviews, 18, 148-162.
Zhang, J., & Liu, Q. (2015). Cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis in the brain. Protein and Cell, 6(4), 254-264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13238-014-0131-3
Zhao, M., Woodward, M., Vaartjes, I., Millett, E. R. C., Klipstein-Grobusch, K., Hyun, K., Carcel, C., & Peters, S. A. E. (2020). Sex differences in cardiovascular medication prescription in primary care: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Heart Association, 9(11), e014742.
Zissimopoulos, J. M., Barthold, D., Brinton, R. D., & Joyce, G. (2017). Sex and race differences in the association between statin use and the incidence of Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurology, 74, 225-232.
Zucker, I., Prendergast, B. J., & Beery, A. K. (2021). Pervasive neglect of sex differences in biomedical research. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 14(4), a039156.

Auteurs

Lorena Cuenca-Bermejo (L)

Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB- Pascual Parrilla), Institute for Ageing Research (IUIE- EUniWel), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Alessandro Prinetti (A)

Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Karolina Kublickiene (K)

Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Valeria Raparelli (V)

Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Alexandra Kautzky-Willer (A)

Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Colleen M Norris (CM)

Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Cardiovascular and Stroke Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Louise Pilote (L)

Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

María Trinidad Herrero (MT)

Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB- Pascual Parrilla), Institute for Ageing Research (IUIE- EUniWel), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH