Complement-dependent mpox-virus-neutralizing antibodies in infected and vaccinated individuals.
complement
hybrid immunity
mpox virus
neutralizing antibodies
smallpox vaccination
Journal
Cell host & microbe
ISSN: 1934-6069
Titre abrégé: Cell Host Microbe
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101302316
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
14 06 2023
14 06 2023
Historique:
received:
21
03
2023
revised:
22
04
2023
accepted:
01
05
2023
medline:
19
6
2023
pubmed:
18
5
2023
entrez:
17
5
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Mpox virus (MPXV) caused a multi-country outbreak in non-endemic areas in 2022. Following historic success of smallpox vaccination with vaccinia virus (VACV)-based vaccines, the third generation modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-based vaccine was used as prophylaxis for MPXV, but its effectiveness remains poorly characterized. Here, we applied two assays to quantify neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in sera from control, MPXV-infected, or MVA-vaccinated individuals. Various levels of MVA NAbs were detected after infection, historic smallpox, or recent MVA vaccination. MPXV was minimally sensitive to neutralization. However, addition of complement enhanced detection of responsive individuals and NAb levels. Anti-MVA and -MPXV NAbs were observed in 94% and 82% of infected individuals, respectively, and 92% and 56% of MVA vaccinees, respectively. NAb titers were higher in individuals born before 1980, highlighting the impact of historic smallpox vaccination on humoral immunity. Altogether, our results indicate that MPXV neutralization is complement dependent and uncover mechanisms underlying vaccine effectiveness.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37196656
pii: S1931-3128(23)00170-1
doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.001
pmc: PMC10188274
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Smallpox Vaccine
0
Antibodies, Viral
0
Antibodies, Neutralizing
0
Complement System Proteins
9007-36-7
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
937-948.e4Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests.