Morphological variability of the pectoralis major muscle in human fetuses.

Humans Male Female Pectoralis Muscles / anatomy & histology Clavicle Dissection Cadaver
Fetuses Morphological variations Muscle bellies Pectoralis major muscle

Journal

Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
ISSN: 1618-0402
Titre abrégé: Ann Anat
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 100963897

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Aug 2023
Historique:
received: 04 04 2023
revised: 04 05 2023
accepted: 08 05 2023
medline: 26 6 2023
pubmed: 22 5 2023
entrez: 21 5 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

The pectoralis major muscle is located in the anterior chest wall. In most cases, it is divided into clavicular, sternal (sternocostal) and abdominal heads. The aim of this study is to demonstrate and classify the morphological variability of the pectoralis major muscles in human fetuses. Classical anatomical dissection was performed on 35 human fetuses aged 18-38 weeks of gestation at death were examined. (17 female, and 18 male, 70 sides; fixed in 10% formalin solution). The fetuses were obtained from spontaneous abortion after informed consent of both parents and through deliberate donation to the Medical University anatomy program. Upon dissection, the following morphological features were assessed: the morphology of the pectoralis major, the possible occurrence of accessory heads, the possible absence of some head, and morphometric measurements of each head of the pectoralis major muscle. Five types of morphology (based on number of bellies) were observed in the fetuses. Type I was characterized by a single claviculosternal belly (10% of all samples). Type II comprised the clavicular and sternal heads (37.1%). Type III comprised three clavicular, sternal and abdominal heads (31.4%). Type IV (17.2%) was characterized by four muscle bellies and was divided into four subtypes. Type V (4.3%), was represented by five parts, and was divided into two subtypes. Due to its embryological development, the PM demonstrates great variability in the numbers of its parts. The most common type was the PM with two bellies, in line with previous studies which also distinguished only clavicular and sternal heads.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
The pectoralis major muscle is located in the anterior chest wall. In most cases, it is divided into clavicular, sternal (sternocostal) and abdominal heads. The aim of this study is to demonstrate and classify the morphological variability of the pectoralis major muscles in human fetuses.
MATERIAL AND METHODS METHODS
Classical anatomical dissection was performed on 35 human fetuses aged 18-38 weeks of gestation at death were examined. (17 female, and 18 male, 70 sides; fixed in 10% formalin solution). The fetuses were obtained from spontaneous abortion after informed consent of both parents and through deliberate donation to the Medical University anatomy program. Upon dissection, the following morphological features were assessed: the morphology of the pectoralis major, the possible occurrence of accessory heads, the possible absence of some head, and morphometric measurements of each head of the pectoralis major muscle.
RESULTS RESULTS
Five types of morphology (based on number of bellies) were observed in the fetuses. Type I was characterized by a single claviculosternal belly (10% of all samples). Type II comprised the clavicular and sternal heads (37.1%). Type III comprised three clavicular, sternal and abdominal heads (31.4%). Type IV (17.2%) was characterized by four muscle bellies and was divided into four subtypes. Type V (4.3%), was represented by five parts, and was divided into two subtypes.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
Due to its embryological development, the PM demonstrates great variability in the numbers of its parts. The most common type was the PM with two bellies, in line with previous studies which also distinguished only clavicular and sternal heads.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152108 PMID: 37211259
pubmed: 37211259
pii: S0940-9602(23)00063-8
doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152108
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

152108

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Auteurs

Nicol Zielinska (N)

Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Department of Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Kacper Ruzik (K)

Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Department of Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Michał Podgórski (M)

Department of Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Department of Normal Anatomy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.

Krzysztof Koptas (K)

Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Department of Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Janusz Moryś (J)

Department of Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin Department of Normal Anatomy Poland.

Friedrich Paulsen (F)

Department of Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Łukasz Olewnik (Ł)

Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Department of Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: lukasz.olewnik@umed.lodz.pl.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Morphological variability of the pectoralis...
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questionsmedicales.fr › Appareil locomoteur › Squelette › Os du membre supérieur › Clavicule › Morphological variability of the pectoralis...
questionsmedicales.fr › Techniques d'investigation › Techniques de laboratoire clinique › Manipulation d'échantillons › Dissection › Morphological variability of the pectoralis...
questionsmedicales.fr › États, signes et symptômes pathologiques › Processus pathologiques › Mort › Cadavre › Morphological variability of the pectoralis...