Air trapping in small airway diseases: A review of imaging technique and findings with an overview of small airway diseases.
air trapping
computed tomography
lung
respiratory
thoracic imaging
Journal
Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology
ISSN: 1754-9485
Titre abrégé: J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol
Pays: Australia
ID NLM: 101469340
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2023
Aug 2023
Historique:
received:
07
03
2023
accepted:
05
05
2023
medline:
24
8
2023
pubmed:
24
5
2023
entrez:
24
5
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Air trapping is a common finding radiologists encounter on CT imaging of the thorax. This term is used when there are geographic areas of differing attenuation within the lung parenchyma. Most commonly, this is the result of abnormal retention of air due to complete or partial airway obstruction from small airway pathologies. Perfusional differences due to underlying vascular diseases could also result in these appearances, and hence, inspiratory and full expiratory phase CT studies are required to accurately diagnose air trapping. It is important to note that this can occasionally be present in healthy patients. Multiple diseases are associated with air trapping. Determining the aetiology relies on accurate patient history and concomitant findings on CT. There is currently no consensus on accurate assessment of the severity of air trapping. The ratio of mean lung density between expiration and inspiration on CT and the change in lung volume have demonstrated a positive correlation with the presence of small airway disease. Treatment and resultant patient outcome depend on the underlying aetiology, and hence, radiologists need to be familiar with the common causes of air trapping. This paper outlines the most common disease processes leading to air trapping, including Constrictive bronchiolitis, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, DIPNECH, and Post-infectious (Swyer-James/Macleod). Various diseases result in the air trapping pattern seen on the expiratory phase CT scan of the thorax. Combining patient history with other concomitant imaging findings is essential for accurate diagnosis and to further guide management.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37222171
doi: 10.1111/1754-9485.13540
doi:
Types de publication
Review
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
499-508Informations de copyright
© 2023 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists.
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