The relationship between tonic immobility and the development, severity, and course of posttraumatic stress disorder: Systematic and meta-analytic literature review.
Journal
Journal of anxiety disorders
ISSN: 1873-7897
Titre abrégé: J Anxiety Disord
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8710131
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2023
06 2023
Historique:
received:
22
11
2022
revised:
10
05
2023
accepted:
18
05
2023
medline:
19
6
2023
pubmed:
26
5
2023
entrez:
25
5
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Tonic immobility (TI) is a reflexive, involuntary response that causes motor inhibition, vocal suppression, and analgesia. TI is elicited by extreme fear and perception of entrapment in a life-threatening situation. Research suggests that TI is a frequent peritraumatic response and may be related to subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, findings are mixed and, as of yet, no systematic or meta-analytic review examining associations between TI and PTSD has been published. We systematically and meta-analytically reviewed the literature and investigated whether TI is associated with the development, severity, and course of PTSD. Additionally, we evaluated whether different types of traumatic events are differentially associated with TI, and whether TI severity differs according to sex. A systematic literature search was conducted using Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Meta-analyses were performed on the included articles. We identified 27 eligible articles. We found a significant association between TI and PTSD symptom severity (r = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.34-0.44; p < .0001). TI was more severe among females (Cohen's d=0.37, 95% CI: 0.25-0.48; p < .0001) and was more often elicited in situations involving interpersonal violence. We found limited longitudinal data to perform a meta-analysis of the association between TI and the development and/or course of PTSD. However, the literature available seems to support the role of TI in both the development and course of PTSD. Peritraumatic TI is associated with PTSD symptom severity, occurs more often during interpersonal violence, and is more severe among females. More longitudinal research is needed to investigate the role of TI in psychopathology development and course.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Tonic immobility (TI) is a reflexive, involuntary response that causes motor inhibition, vocal suppression, and analgesia. TI is elicited by extreme fear and perception of entrapment in a life-threatening situation. Research suggests that TI is a frequent peritraumatic response and may be related to subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, findings are mixed and, as of yet, no systematic or meta-analytic review examining associations between TI and PTSD has been published.
OBJECTIVE
We systematically and meta-analytically reviewed the literature and investigated whether TI is associated with the development, severity, and course of PTSD. Additionally, we evaluated whether different types of traumatic events are differentially associated with TI, and whether TI severity differs according to sex.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted using Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Meta-analyses were performed on the included articles.
RESULTS
We identified 27 eligible articles. We found a significant association between TI and PTSD symptom severity (r = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.34-0.44; p < .0001). TI was more severe among females (Cohen's d=0.37, 95% CI: 0.25-0.48; p < .0001) and was more often elicited in situations involving interpersonal violence. We found limited longitudinal data to perform a meta-analysis of the association between TI and the development and/or course of PTSD. However, the literature available seems to support the role of TI in both the development and course of PTSD.
CONCLUSIONS
Peritraumatic TI is associated with PTSD symptom severity, occurs more often during interpersonal violence, and is more severe among females. More longitudinal research is needed to investigate the role of TI in psychopathology development and course.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37229971
pii: S0887-6185(23)00068-3
doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102730
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Meta-Analysis
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
102730Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of Competing Interest None.