Photorealistic 3-Dimensional Models of the Anatomy and Neurosurgical Approaches to the V2, V3, and V4 Segments of the Vertebral Artery.
Journal
Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)
ISSN: 2332-4260
Titre abrégé: Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101635417
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 07 2023
01 07 2023
Historique:
received:
17
08
2022
accepted:
18
01
2023
medline:
19
6
2023
pubmed:
26
5
2023
entrez:
26
5
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The vertebral artery (VA) has a tortuous course subdivided into 4 segments (V1-V4). For neurosurgeons, a thorough knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3D) anatomy at different segments is a prerequisite for safe surgery. New technologies allowing creation of photorealistic 3D models may enhance the anatomic understanding of this complex region. To create photorealistic 3D models illustrating the anatomy and surgical steps needed for safe neurosurgical exposure of the VA. We dissected 2 latex injected cadaver heads. Anatomic layered dissections were performed on the first specimen. On the second specimen, the two classical approaches to the VA (far lateral and anterolateral) were realized. Every step of dissection was scanned using photogrammetry technology that allowed processing of 3D data from 2-dimensional photographs by a simplified algorithm mainly based on a dedicated mobile phone application and open-source 3D modeling software. For selected microscopic 3D anatomy, we used an operating microscope to generate 3D models. Classic anatomic (n=17) and microsurgical (n=12) 3D photorealistic models based on cadaver dissections were created. The models allow observation of the spatial relations of each anatomic structure of interest and have an immersive view of the approaches to the V2-V4 segments of the VA. Once generated, these models may easily be shared on any digital device or web-based platforms for 3D visualization. Photorealistic 3D scanning technology is a promising tool to present complex anatomy in a more comprehensive way. These 3D models can be used for education, training, and potentially preoperative planning.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
The vertebral artery (VA) has a tortuous course subdivided into 4 segments (V1-V4). For neurosurgeons, a thorough knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3D) anatomy at different segments is a prerequisite for safe surgery. New technologies allowing creation of photorealistic 3D models may enhance the anatomic understanding of this complex region.
OBJECTIVE
To create photorealistic 3D models illustrating the anatomy and surgical steps needed for safe neurosurgical exposure of the VA.
METHODS
We dissected 2 latex injected cadaver heads. Anatomic layered dissections were performed on the first specimen. On the second specimen, the two classical approaches to the VA (far lateral and anterolateral) were realized. Every step of dissection was scanned using photogrammetry technology that allowed processing of 3D data from 2-dimensional photographs by a simplified algorithm mainly based on a dedicated mobile phone application and open-source 3D modeling software. For selected microscopic 3D anatomy, we used an operating microscope to generate 3D models.
RESULTS
Classic anatomic (n=17) and microsurgical (n=12) 3D photorealistic models based on cadaver dissections were created. The models allow observation of the spatial relations of each anatomic structure of interest and have an immersive view of the approaches to the V2-V4 segments of the VA. Once generated, these models may easily be shared on any digital device or web-based platforms for 3D visualization.
CONCLUSIONS
Photorealistic 3D scanning technology is a promising tool to present complex anatomy in a more comprehensive way. These 3D models can be used for education, training, and potentially preoperative planning.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37235851
doi: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000701
pii: 01787389-202307000-00018
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e15-e21Informations de copyright
Copyright © Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2023. All rights reserved.
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