Research review on the pollution of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock and poultry farming environments.

Increasingly serious pollution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) caused by the abuse of antibiotics in livestock and poultry industry has raised worldwide concerns. ARGs could spread among various farming environmental media through adsorption, desorption, migration, and also could transfer into human gut microbiome by hori-zontal gene transfer (HGT), posing potential threats to public health. However, the comprehensive review on the pollution patterns, environmental behaviors, and control techniques of ARGs in livestock and poultry environments in view of One Health is still inadequate, resulting in the difficulties in effectively assessing ARGs transmission risk and developing the efficient control strategies. Here, we analyzed the pollution characteristics of typical ARGs in various countries, regions, livestock species, and environmental media, reviewed the critical environmental fate and influencing factors, control strategies, and the shortcomings of current researches about ARGs in the livestock and poultry farming industry combined with One Health philosophy. In particular, we addressed the importance and urgency of identifying the distribution characteristics and environmental process mechanisms of ARGs, and developing green and efficient ARG control means in livestock farming environments. We further proposed gaps and prospects for the future research. It would provide theoretical basis for the research on health risk assessment and technology exploitation of alleviating ARG pollution in livestock farming environment. 畜禽养殖中抗生素不当使用导致的抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)污染问题日益严重,引起了国际社会的广泛关注。养殖环境中的ARGs不但可通过吸附、解吸、迁移等途径发生跨介质扩散,也可通过水平基因转移(HGT)使耐药性跨菌属传播,甚至通过食物链传递给人类,对公众健康造成潜在威胁。然而,目前缺少以大健康视角总结分析畜禽养殖环境ARGs赋存特征、关键环境过程和阻控技术的研究,导致对ARGs传播风险的评估和污染阻控对策的制定难以有效开展。本文在分析不同国家、畜种、环境介质中ARGs污染水平差异的基础上,阐述了ARGs在畜禽养殖环境中的关键环境过程和主要影响因素,重点论述了当前畜禽养殖业ARGs的污染阻控技术,最后结合大健康的方法理念,指出了目前研究存在的不足和亟需加强的方面,尤其强调了明确ARGs时空演变规律和环境过程机制、开发绿色高效的污染阻控技术的重要性与紧迫性,以期为畜禽养殖环境中ARGs健康风险评估和污染阻控技术的开发提供理论依据。.