Advances in PET imaging of cancer.
Journal
Nature reviews. Cancer
ISSN: 1474-1768
Titre abrégé: Nat Rev Cancer
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101124168
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2023
07 2023
Historique:
accepted:
17
04
2023
medline:
28
6
2023
pubmed:
1
6
2023
entrez:
31
5
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Molecular imaging has experienced enormous advancements in the areas of imaging technology, imaging probe and contrast development, and data quality, as well as machine learning-based data analysis. Positron emission tomography (PET) and its combination with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a multimodality PET-CT or PET-MRI system offer a wealth of molecular, functional and morphological data with a single patient scan. Despite the recent technical advances and the availability of dozens of disease-specific contrast and imaging probes, only a few parameters, such as tumour size or the mean tracer uptake, are used for the evaluation of images in clinical practice. Multiparametric in vivo imaging data not only are highly quantitative but also can provide invaluable information about pathophysiology, receptor expression, metabolism, or morphological and functional features of tumours, such as pH, oxygenation or tissue density, as well as pharmacodynamic properties of drugs, to measure drug response with a contrast agent. It can further quantitatively map and spatially resolve the intertumoural and intratumoural heterogeneity, providing insights into tumour vulnerabilities for target-specific therapeutic interventions. Failure to exploit and integrate the full potential of such powerful imaging data may lead to a lost opportunity in which patients do not receive the best possible care. With the desire to implement personalized medicine in the cancer clinic, the full comprehensive diagnostic power of multiplexed imaging should be utilized.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37258875
doi: 10.1038/s41568-023-00576-4
pii: 10.1038/s41568-023-00576-4
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
474-490Informations de copyright
© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.
Références
Marusyk, A. & Polyak, K. Tumor heterogeneity: causes and consequences. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1805, 105–117 (2010).
Dagogo-Jack, I. & Shaw, A. T. Tumour heterogeneity and resistance to cancer therapies. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 15, 81–94 (2018).
pubmed: 29115304
doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.166
Marusyk, A., Janiszewska, M. & Polyak, K. Intratumor heterogeneity: the Rosetta stone of therapy resistance. Cancer Cell 37, 471–484 (2020).
pmcid: 7181408
doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.007
Saunders, N. A. et al. Role of intratumoural heterogeneity in cancer drug resistance: molecular and clinical perspectives. EMBO Mol. Med. 4, 675–684 (2012).
pmcid: 3494067
doi: 10.1002/emmm.201101131
Hyman, D. M., Taylor, B. S. & Baselga, J. Implementing genome-driven oncology. Cell 168, 584–599 (2017).
pmcid: 5463457
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.015
Keller, L. & Pantel, K. Unravelling tumour heterogeneity by single-cell profiling of circulating tumour cells. Nat. Rev. Cancer 19, 553–567 (2019). This review discusses how tumour heterogeneity can be analysed by profiling tumour cells in circulation.
doi: 10.1038/s41568-019-0180-2
Joosse, S. A. & Pantel, K. Circulating DNA and liquid biopsies in the management of patients with cancer. Cancer Res. 82, 2213–2215 (2022).
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-22-1405
Mannheim, J. G. et al. PET/MRI hybrid systems. Semin. Nucl. Med. 48, 332–347 (2018). This review summarizes the different PET–MRI systems for multimodal preclinical and clinical imaging.
doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.02.011
Seifert, R. et al. Clinical use of PET/MR in oncology: an update. Semin. Nucl. Med. 52, 356–364 (2022).
doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.11.012
Wehrl, H. F., Sauter, A. W., Divine, M. R. & Pichler, B. J. Combined PET/MR: a technology becomes mature. J. Nucl. Med. 56, 165–168 (2015).
pubmed: 25593114
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.114.150318
Herrmann, K. et al. Radiotheranostics: a roadmap for future development. Lancet Oncol. 21, e146–e156 (2020).
pubmed: 32135118
pmcid: 7367151
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30821-6
Weissleder, R., Schwaiger, M. C., Gambhir, S. S. & Hricak, H. Imaging approaches to optimize molecular therapies. Sci. Transl. Med. 8, 355ps316 (2016).
doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf3936
Divine, M. R. et al. A population-based Gaussian mixture model incorporating
pubmed: 26659350
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.115.163972
Katiyar, P. et al. Spectral clustering predicts tumor tissue heterogeneity using dynamic
pubmed: 27811120
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.116.181370
Katiyar, P. et al. A novel unsupervised segmentation approach quantifies tumor tissue populations using multiparametric MRI: first results with histological validation. Mol. Imaging Biol. 19, 391–397 (2017).
pubmed: 27734253
doi: 10.1007/s11307-016-1009-y
Zaharchuk, G. & Davidzon, G. Artificial intelligence for optimization and interpretation of PET/CT and PET/MR images. Semin. Nucl. Med. 51, 134–142 (2021). This review describes the use of MI and AI for multimodal imaging.
pubmed: 33509370
doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.10.001
Beyer, T. et al. A combined PET/CT scanner for clinical oncology. J. Nucl. Med. 41, 1369–1379 (2000).
pubmed: 10945530
Judenhofer, M. S. et al. Simultaneous PET-MRI: a new approach for functional and morphological imaging. Nat. Med. 14, 459–465 (2008).
pubmed: 18376410
doi: 10.1038/nm1700
Shao, Y. et al. Simultaneous PET and MR imaging. Phys. Med. Biol. 42, 1965–1970 (1997).
pubmed: 9364592
doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/42/10/010
Wehrl, H. F. et al. Preclinical and translational PET/MR imaging. J. Nucl. Med. 55, 11S–18S (2014).
pubmed: 24833493
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.113.129221
Provost, J. et al. Simultaneous positron emission tomography and ultrafast ultrasound for hybrid molecular, anatomical and functional imaging. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 2, 85–94 (2018).
pubmed: 31015628
doi: 10.1038/s41551-018-0188-z
Wehrl, H. F. et al. Assessment of MR compatibility of a PET insert developed for simultaneous multiparametric PET/MR imaging on an animal system operating at 7 T. Magn. Reson. Med. 65, 269–279 (2011).
pubmed: 20806353
pmcid: 3004988
doi: 10.1002/mrm.22591
Judenhofer, M. S. & Cherry, S. R. Applications for preclinical PET/MRI. Semin. Nucl. Med. 43, 19–29 (2013).
pubmed: 23178086
doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2012.08.004
Sauter, A. W., Wehrl, H. F., Kolb, A., Judenhofer, M. S. & Pichler, B. J. Combined PET/MRI: one step further in multimodality imaging. Trends Mol. Med. 16, 508–515 (2010).
pubmed: 20851684
doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.08.003
Asa, S. et al. Hybrid Ga-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/MRI in the detection of skeletal metastasis in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer: contribution of each part to the diagnostic performance. Nucl. Med. Commun. 44, 65–73 (2023).
pubmed: 36378618
doi: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000001637
Wehrl, H. F. et al. Multimodal elucidation of choline metabolism in a murine glioma model using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and
pubmed: 23345160
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2532
Andreou, C., Weissleder, R. & Kircher, M. F. Multiplexed imaging in oncology. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 6, 527–540 (2022).
pubmed: 35624151
doi: 10.1038/s41551-022-00891-5
Disselhorst, J. A. et al. Linking imaging to omics utilizing image-guided tissue extraction. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, E2980–E2987 (2018).
pubmed: 29507209
pmcid: 5879681
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1718304115
Trautwein, C. et al. Tissue metabolites in diffuse glioma and their modulations by IDH1 mutation, histology, and treatment. JCI Insight https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.153526 (2022).
doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.153526
pubmed: 34941573
pmcid: 8855807
Mu, W. et al. Non-invasive decision support for NSCLC treatment using PET/CT radiomics. Nat. Commun. 11, 5228 (2020).
pubmed: 33067442
pmcid: 7567795
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19116-x
Stumpo, V. et al. Feasibility of glioblastoma tissue response mapping with physiologic BOLD imaging using precise oxygen and carbon dioxide challenge. MAGMA 35, 29–44 (2022).
pubmed: 34874499
doi: 10.1007/s10334-021-00980-7
Zhang, L. et al. Lanthanide-based T2ex and CEST complexes provide insights into the design of pH sensitive MRI agents. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 56, 16626–16630 (2017).
pubmed: 29024242
pmcid: 5879776
doi: 10.1002/anie.201707959
Giger, M. L. Machine learning in medical imaging. J. Am. Coll. Radiol. 15, 512–520 (2018).
pubmed: 29398494
doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2017.12.028
Hosny, A., Parmar, C., Quackenbush, J., Schwartz, L. H. & Aerts, H. Artificial intelligence in radiology. Nat. Rev. Cancer 18, 500–510 (2018).
pubmed: 29777175
pmcid: 6268174
doi: 10.1038/s41568-018-0016-5
Gillies, R. J., Kinahan, P. E. & Hricak, H. Radiomics: images are more than pictures, they are data. Radiology 278, 563–577 (2016). This review provides an overview of radiomics — the convergence of imaging and genetic profiling.
pubmed: 26579733
doi: 10.1148/radiol.2015151169
Tomaszewski, M. R. & Gillies, R. J. The biological meaning of radiomic features. Radiology 298, 505–516 (2021).
pubmed: 33399513
doi: 10.1148/radiol.2021202553
Mu, W., Schabath, M. B. & Gillies, R. J. Images are data: challenges and opportunities in the clinical translation of radiomics. Cancer Res. 82, 2066–2068 (2022).
pubmed: 35661199
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-22-1183
Sharma, A., Lelic, D., Brock, C., Paine, P. & Aziz, Q. New technologies to investigate the brain–gut axis. World J. Gastroenterol. 15, 182–191 (2009).
pubmed: 19132768
pmcid: 2653301
doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.182
Rosen, S. D. & Camici, P. G. The brain–heart axis in the perception of cardiac pain: the elusive link between ischaemia and pain. Ann. Med. 32, 350–364 (2000).
pubmed: 10949067
doi: 10.3109/07853890008995938
Badawi, R. D. et al. First human imaging studies with the EXPLORER Total-Body PET scanner. J. Nucl. Med. 60, 299–303 (2019). This study is one of the first publications of total-body human PET imaging.
pubmed: 30733314
pmcid: 6424228
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.119.226498
Lammertsma, A. A. Quantification of PET studies. J. Nucl. Cardiol. 26, 2045–2047 (2019).
pubmed: 30644053
doi: 10.1007/s12350-018-01583-x
Cherry, S. R. et al. Total-body imaging: transforming the role of positron emission tomography. Sci. Transl. Med. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6169 (2017). This review describes total-body PET, from initial ideas to applications.
doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6169
pubmed: 28298419
pmcid: 5629037
Prenosil, G. A. et al. Performance characteristics of the biograph vision quadra PET/CT system with long axial field of view using the NEMA NU 2-2018 standard. J. Nucl. Med. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.121.261972 (2021).
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.121.261972
pubmed: 34301780
Ibaraki, M. et al. Brain partial volume correction with point spreading function reconstruction in high-resolution digital PET: comparison with an MR-based method in FDG imaging. Ann. Nucl. Med. 36, 717–727 (2022).
pubmed: 35616808
pmcid: 9304042
doi: 10.1007/s12149-022-01753-5
Grimm, J., Kiessling, F. & Pichler, B. J. Quo vadis, molecular imaging? J. Nucl. Med. 61, 1428–1434 (2020). This review describes molecular imaging methods in general and provides an overview of imaging PET tracers, from small molecules to biologicals.
pubmed: 32859706
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.241984
Boellaard, R. et al. FDG PET/CT: EANM procedure guidelines for tumour imaging: version 2.0. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 42, 328–354 (2015).
pubmed: 25452219
doi: 10.1007/s00259-014-2961-x
Jadvar, H. Is there use for FDG-PET in prostate cancer? Semin. Nucl. Med. 46, 502–506 (2016).
pubmed: 27825430
pmcid: 5119923
doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.07.004
Sharma, P. et al. Comparison of the prognostic values of
pubmed: 25030618
doi: 10.1007/s00259-014-2850-3
Kayani, I. et al. Functional imaging of neuroendocrine tumors with combined PET/CT using
pubmed: 18383518
doi: 10.1002/cncr.23469
Schuster, D. M., Nanni, C. & Fanti, S. PET tracers beyond FDG in prostate cancer. Semin. Nucl. Med. 46, 507–521 (2016).
pubmed: 27825431
pmcid: 5117950
doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.07.005
Buteau, J. P. et al. PSMA and FDG-PET as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in patients given [
pubmed: 36261050
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00605-2
Squires, M. H. 3rd et al. Octreoscan versus FDG-PET for neuroendocrine tumor staging: a biological approach. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 22, 2295–2301 (2015).
pubmed: 25786743
doi: 10.1245/s10434-015-4471-x
Alevroudis, E. et al. Clinical utility of
doi: 10.3390/cancers13081813
pubmed: 33920195
pmcid: 8069875
Bhandari, V. et al. Molecular landmarks of tumor hypoxia across cancer types. Nat. Genet. 51, 308–318 (2019).
pubmed: 30643250
doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0318-2
Liu, T. et al. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: an emerging target of anti-cancer immunotherapy. J. Hematol. Oncol. 12, 86 (2019).
pubmed: 31462327
pmcid: 6714445
doi: 10.1186/s13045-019-0770-1
Petrova, V., Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli, M., Melino, G. & Amelio, I. The hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Oncogenesis 7, 10 (2018).
pubmed: 29362402
pmcid: 5833859
doi: 10.1038/s41389-017-0011-9
Wilson, W. R. & Hay, M. P. Targeting hypoxia in cancer therapy. Nat. Rev. Cancer 11, 393–410 (2011).
pubmed: 21606941
doi: 10.1038/nrc3064
Masaki, Y. et al. The accumulation mechanism of the hypoxia imaging probe ‘FMISO’ by imaging mass spectrometry: possible involvement of low-molecular metabolites. Sci. Rep. 5, 16802 (2015).
pubmed: 26582591
pmcid: 4652161
doi: 10.1038/srep16802
Reischl, G. et al. Preparation of the hypoxia imaging PET tracer [
pubmed: 15799867
doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.12.004
Fleming, I. N. et al. Imaging tumour hypoxia with positron emission tomography. Br. J. Cancer 112, 238–250 (2015).
pubmed: 25514380
doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.610
Busk, M., Overgaard, J. & Horsman, M. R. Imaging of tumor hypoxia for radiotherapy: current status and future directions. Semin. Nucl. Med. 50, 562–583 (2020).
pubmed: 33059825
doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.05.003
Anemone, A., Consolino, L., Arena, F., Capozza, M. & Longo, D. L. Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH. Cancer Metast. Rev. 38, 25–49 (2019).
doi: 10.1007/s10555-019-09782-9
Noman, M. Z. et al. Hypoxia: a key player in antitumor immune response. A review in the theme: cellular responses to hypoxia. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 309, C569–C579 (2015).
pubmed: 26310815
pmcid: 4628936
doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00207.2015
Lopes, S., Ferreira, S. & Caetano, M. PET/CT in the evaluation of hypoxia for radiotherapy planning in head and neck tumors: systematic literature review. J. Nucl. Med. Technol. 49, 107–113 (2021).
pubmed: 33361182
doi: 10.2967/jnmt.120.249540
Gerard, M. et al. Hypoxia imaging and adaptive radiotherapy: a state-of-the-art approach in the management of glioma. Front. Med. 6, 117 (2019).
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00117
Dirix, P. et al. Dose painting in radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: value of repeated functional imaging with
pubmed: 19525447
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.109.062638
Melsens, E. et al. Hypoxia imaging with
pubmed: 29514673
pmcid: 5842657
doi: 10.1186/s13014-018-0984-3
Carmona-Bozo, J. C. et al. Hypoxia and perfusion in breast cancer: simultaneous assessment using PET/MR imaging. Eur. Radiol. 31, 333–344 (2021).
pubmed: 32725330
doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07067-2
Stegmayr, C. et al. Current trends in the use of O-(2-[
pubmed: 32113820
doi: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.02.006
Stegmayr, C., Willuweit, A., Lohmann, P. & Langen, K. J. O-(2-[
doi: 10.2174/1874471012666190111111046
Zanoni, L. et al. Role of
doi: 10.1007/s00259-019-04323-6
Bashir, A. et al. PET imaging of meningioma with
doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa267
Buck, A. K. et al. Imaging proliferation in lung tumors with PET:
Vesselle, H. et al. In vivo validation of 3′deoxy-3′-[
Shinomiya, A. et al. Evaluation of 3′-deoxy-3′-[
pubmed: 23229746
doi: 10.1007/s00259-012-2275-9
Brockenbrough, J. S. et al. Tumor 3′-deoxy-3′-
pubmed: 21764789
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.111.089482
Schwenck, J. et al. Comparison of
pubmed: 27557844
doi: 10.1007/s00259-016-3490-6
Ambrosini, V., Campana, D., Tomassetti, P. & Fanti, S.
pubmed: 22388622
doi: 10.1007/s00259-011-1989-4
Sartor, O. & de Bono, J. S. Metastatic prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 378, 1653–1654 (2018).
pubmed: 29694820
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1701695
Oberg, K., Knigge, U., Kwekkeboom, D., Perren, A. & Group, E. G. W. Neuroendocrine gastro-entero-pancreatic tumors: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann. Oncol. 23, vii124–vii130 (2012).
doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds295
Langbein, T., Weber, W. A. & Eiber, M. Future of theranostics: an outlook on precision oncology in nuclear medicine. J. Nucl. Med. 60, 13S–19S (2019). Together with Hermann et al. (2020), this review discusses theranostics in nuclear medicine and precision oncology.
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220566
Hofman, M. S. et al. [
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00237-3
Sartor, O. et al. Lutetium-177–PSMA-617 for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, 1091–1103 (2021).
pmcid: 8446332
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2107322
Strosberg, J. et al. Health-related quality of life in patients with progressive midgut neuroendocrine tumors treated with
pmcid: 6366953
doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.78.5865
Hofman, M. S. et al. [
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30198-0
Strosberg, J. et al. Phase 3 trial of
pmcid: 5895095
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1607427
Backhaus, P. et al. Targeting PSMA by radioligands in non-prostate disease-current status and future perspectives. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 45, 860–877 (2018).
doi: 10.1007/s00259-017-3922-y
Gao, Y. et al. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) promotes angiogenesis of glioblastoma through interacting with ITGB4 and regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 9, 598377 (2021).
pmcid: 7969793
doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.598377
Silver, D. A., Pellicer, I., Fair, W. R., Heston, W. D. & Cordon-Cardo, C. Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in normal and malignant human tissues. Clin. Cancer Res. 3, 81–85 (1997).
Schwenck, J. et al. In vivo visualization of prostate-specific membrane antigen in glioblastoma. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 42, 170–171 (2015).
pubmed: 25293865
doi: 10.1007/s00259-014-2921-5
Wernicke, A. G. et al. Prostate-specific membrane antigen as a potential novel vascular target for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 135, 1486–1489 (2011).
pubmed: 22032578
doi: 10.5858/arpa.2010-0740-OA
Wernicke, A. G. et al. Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in tumor-associated vasculature of breast cancers. APMIS 122, 482–489 (2014).
pubmed: 24304465
doi: 10.1111/apm.12195
Sollini, M. et al. PSMA expression level predicts differentiated thyroid cancer aggressiveness and patient outcome. EJNMMI Res. 9, 93 (2019).
pubmed: 31617002
pmcid: 6794333
doi: 10.1186/s13550-019-0559-9
Schmidt, L. H. et al. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression in non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS ONE 12, e0186280 (2017).
pubmed: 29077706
pmcid: 5659610
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186280
Hirmas, N. et al.
pubmed: 33509970
pmcid: 8882890
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.257915
Kesler, M. et al.
pubmed: 30002112
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.118.214833
Jiao, D. et al. Expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen in tumor-associated vasculature predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol. 10, e00041 (2019).
pubmed: 31116141
pmcid: 6602770
doi: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000041
Conway, R. E. et al. Prostate specific membrane antigen produces pro-angiogenic laminin peptides downstream of matrix metalloprotease-2. Angiogenesis 16, 847–860 (2013).
pubmed: 23775497
doi: 10.1007/s10456-013-9360-y
Conway, R. E. et al. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-mediated laminin proteolysis generates a pro-angiogenic peptide. Angiogenesis 19, 487–500 (2016).
doi: 10.1007/s10456-016-9521-x
Papetti, M. & Herman, I. M. Mechanisms of normal and tumor-derived angiogenesis. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 282, C947–C970 (2002).
pubmed: 11940508
doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00389.2001
Holzgreve, A. et al. PSMA expression in glioblastoma as a basis for theranostic approaches: a retrospective, correlational panel study including immunohistochemistry, clinical parameters and PET imaging. Front. Oncol. 11, 646387 (2021).
pubmed: 33859946
pmcid: 8042319
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.646387
Rizzo, A. et al. Can PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals be useful for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma using positron emission tomography? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmaceuticals 15, 1368 (2022).
pubmed: 36355540
pmcid: 9699564
doi: 10.3390/ph15111368
Derlin, T., Kreipe, H. H., Schumacher, U. & Soudah, B. PSMA expression in tumor neovasculature endothelial cells of follicular thyroid adenoma as identified by molecular imaging using 68Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT. Clin. Nucl. Med. 42, e173–e174 (2017).
pubmed: 27997422
doi: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000001487
Kunikowska, J. et al. Tumor uptake in glioblastoma multiforme after IV injection of [
pubmed: 32040612
pmcid: 7188710
doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04715-z
Uijen, M. J. M. et al. PSMA radioligand therapy for solid tumors other than prostate cancer: background, opportunities, challenges, and first clinical reports. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 48, 4350–4368 (2021).
pubmed: 34120192
pmcid: 8566635
doi: 10.1007/s00259-021-05433-w
Schulz, G. et al. Detection of ganglioside GD2 in tumor tissues and sera of neuroblastoma patients. Cancer Res. 44, 5914–5920 (1984).
pubmed: 6498849
Schmitt, J. et al. Translational immunoPET imaging using a radiolabeled GD2-specific antibody in neuroblastoma. Theranostics https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.56736 (2022).
doi: 10.7150/thno.56736
pubmed: 35966592
pmcid: 9373823
Butch, E. R. et al. Positron emission tomography detects in vivo expression of disialoganglioside GD2 in mouse models of primary and metastatic osteosarcoma. Cancer Res. 79, 3112–3124 (2019).
pubmed: 31015228
pmcid: 6571039
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-3340
Trautwein, N. F. et al. First in human PET/MRI imaging of in vivo GD2 expression in osteosarcoma. J. Nucl. Med. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.122.264626 (2022).
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264626
pubmed: 36109181
Navid, F., Santana, V. M. & Barfield, R. C. Anti-GD2 antibody therapy for GD2-expressing tumors. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets 10, 200–209 (2010).
pubmed: 20201786
pmcid: 2888262
doi: 10.2174/156800910791054167
Ploessl, C., Pan, A., Maples, K. T. & Lowe, D. K. Dinutuximab: an anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody for high-risk neuroblastoma. Ann. Pharmacother. 50, 416–422 (2016).
pubmed: 26917818
doi: 10.1177/1060028016632013
Schumacher-Kuckelkorn, R. et al. Lack of immunocytological GD2 expression on neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow at diagnosis, during treatment, and at recurrence. Pediatr. Blood Cancer 64, 46–56 (2017).
pubmed: 27654028
doi: 10.1002/pbc.26184
Anderson, N. M. & Simon, M. C. The tumor microenvironment. Curr. Biol. 30, R921–R925 (2020).
pubmed: 32810447
pmcid: 8194051
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.081
Kalluri, R. The biology and function of fibroblasts in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 16, 582–598 (2016).
pubmed: 27550820
doi: 10.1038/nrc.2016.73
Kim, I., Choi, S., Yoo, S., Lee, M. & Kim, I. S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Cancers https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143321 (2022).
doi: 10.3390/cancers14143321
pubmed: 36612289
pmcid: 9818958
Madsen, C. D. et al. Hypoxia and loss of PHD2 inactivate stromal fibroblasts to decrease tumour stiffness and metastasis. EMBO Rep. 16, 1394–1408 (2015).
pubmed: 26323721
pmcid: 4662858
doi: 10.15252/embr.201540107
Pure, E. & Blomberg, R. Pro-tumorigenic roles of fibroblast activation protein in cancer: back to the basics. Oncogene 37, 4343–4357 (2018).
pubmed: 29720723
pmcid: 6092565
doi: 10.1038/s41388-018-0275-3
Loktev, A. et al. A tumor-imaging method targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts. J. Nucl. Med. 59, 1423–1429 (2018).
pubmed: 29626120
pmcid: 6126438
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.118.210435
Lindner, T. et al. Development of quinoline-based theranostic ligands for the targeting of fibroblast activation protein. J. Nucl. Med. 59, 1415–1422 (2018).
pubmed: 29626119
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.118.210443
Kratochwil, C. et al.
pubmed: 30954939
pmcid: 6581228
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.119.227967
Koerber, S. A. et al. The role of
pubmed: 32060216
pmcid: 9374030
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.119.237016
Komek, H. et al. Comparison of [
pubmed: 35578038
doi: 10.1007/s00259-022-05839-0
Gu, B. et al. Head-to-head evaluation of [
pubmed: 35113192
pmcid: 9206606
doi: 10.1007/s00259-022-05700-4
Lindner, T. et al. Design and development of
pubmed: 32169911
pmcid: 7539653
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.119.239731
Ballal, S. et al. A theranostic approach of [
doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04990-w
pubmed: 33244617
Vasan, N., Baselga, J. & Hyman, D. M. A view on drug resistance in cancer. Nature 575, 299–309 (2019).
pubmed: 31723286
pmcid: 8008476
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1730-1
Wang, L., Lankhorst, L. & Bernards, R. Exploiting senescence for the treatment of cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 22, 340–355 (2022). This review discusses tumour senescence and novel treatment options based on this phenomenon.
pubmed: 35241831
doi: 10.1038/s41568-022-00450-9
Bodnar, A. G. et al. Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science 279, 349–352 (1998).
pubmed: 9454332
doi: 10.1126/science.279.5349.349
Hayflick, L. & Moorhead, P. S. The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains. Exp. Cell Res. 25, 585–621 (1961).
pubmed: 13905658
doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(61)90192-6
Serrano, M., Lin, A. W., McCurrach, M. E., Beach, D. & Lowe, S. W. Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16
pubmed: 9054499
doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81902-9
Demaria, M. et al. An essential role for senescent cells in optimal wound healing through secretion of PDGF-AA. Dev. Cell 31, 722–733 (2014).
pubmed: 25499914
pmcid: 4349629
doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.11.012
Liao, E. C. et al. Radiation induces senescence and a bystander effect through metabolic alterations. Cell Death Dis. 5, e1255 (2014).
pubmed: 24853433
pmcid: 4047910
doi: 10.1038/cddis.2014.220
Chang, B. D. et al. Role of p53 and p21waf1/cip1 in senescence-like terminal proliferation arrest induced in human tumor cells by chemotherapeutic drugs. Oncogene 18, 4808–4818 (1999).
pubmed: 10490814
doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203078
Munoz-Espin, D. & Serrano, M. Cellular senescence: from physiology to pathology. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 15, 482–496 (2014).
pubmed: 24954210
doi: 10.1038/nrm3823
Birch, J. & Gil, J. Senescence and the SASP: many therapeutic avenues. Genes Dev. 34, 1565–1576 (2020).
pubmed: 33262144
pmcid: 7706700
doi: 10.1101/gad.343129.120
Coppe, J. P. et al. Senescence-associated secretory phenotypes reveal cell-nonautonomous functions of oncogenic RAS and the p53 tumor suppressor. PLoS Biol. 6, 2853–2868 (2008).
pubmed: 19053174
doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060301
Schmitt, C. A., Wang, B. & Demaria, M. Senescence and cancer — role and therapeutic opportunities. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 19, 619–636 (2022).
pubmed: 36045302
pmcid: 9428886
doi: 10.1038/s41571-022-00668-4
Demaria, M. et al. Cellular senescence promotes adverse effects of chemotherapy and cancer relapse. Cancer Discov. 7, 165–176 (2017).
pubmed: 27979832
doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-16-0241
Faheem, M. M. et al. Convergence of therapy-induced senescence (TIS) and EMT in multistep carcinogenesis: current opinions and emerging perspectives. Cell Death Discov. 6, 51 (2020).
pubmed: 32566256
pmcid: 7295779
doi: 10.1038/s41420-020-0286-z
Faget, D. V., Ren, Q. & Stewart, S. A. Unmasking senescence: context-dependent effects of SASP in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 19, 439–453 (2019).
pubmed: 31235879
doi: 10.1038/s41568-019-0156-2
Zhao, B. et al. Topoisomerase 1 cleavage complex enables pattern recognition and inflammation during senescence. Nat. Commun. 11, 908 (2020).
pubmed: 32075966
pmcid: 7031389
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14652-y
Wang, C. et al. Inducing and exploiting vulnerabilities for the treatment of liver cancer. Nature 574, 268–272 (2019).
pubmed: 31578521
pmcid: 6858884
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1607-3
Coppe, J. P., Desprez, P. Y., Krtolica, A. & Campisi, J. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: the dark side of tumor suppression. Annu. Rev. Pathol. 5, 99–118 (2010).
pubmed: 20078217
pmcid: 4166495
doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-121808-102144
Tchkonia, T., Zhu, Y., van Deursen, J., Campisi, J. & Kirkland, J. L. Cellular senescence and the senescent secretory phenotype: therapeutic opportunities. J. Clin. Invest. 123, 966–972 (2013).
pubmed: 23454759
pmcid: 3582125
doi: 10.1172/JCI64098
Zhang, L., Pitcher, L. E., Prahalad, V., Niedernhofer, L. J. & Robbins, P. D. Targeting cellular senescence with senotherapeutics: senolytics and senomorphics. FEBS J. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16350 (2022).
doi: 10.1111/febs.16350
pubmed: 36536996
pmcid: 10087799
Laberge, R. M. et al. MTOR regulates the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype by promoting IL1A translation. Nat. Cell Biol. 17, 1049–1061 (2015).
pubmed: 26147250
pmcid: 4691706
doi: 10.1038/ncb3195
Wolter, K. & Zender, L. Therapy-induced senescence — an induced synthetic lethality in liver cancer? Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 17, 135–136 (2020).
pubmed: 31965074
doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-0262-3
Gerlinger, M. et al. Intratumor heterogeneity and branched evolution revealed by multiregion sequencing. N. Engl. J. Med. 366, 883–892 (2012).
pubmed: 22397650
pmcid: 4878653
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1113205
Yachida, S. et al. Distant metastasis occurs late during the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer. Nature 467, 1114–1117 (2010).
pubmed: 20981102
pmcid: 3148940
doi: 10.1038/nature09515
Lawson, D. A., Kessenbrock, K., Davis, R. T., Pervolarakis, N. & Werb, Z. Tumour heterogeneity and metastasis at single-cell resolution. Nat. Cell Biol. 20, 1349–1360 (2018).
pubmed: 30482943
pmcid: 6477686
doi: 10.1038/s41556-018-0236-7
Ding, L. et al. Genome remodelling in a basal-like breast cancer metastasis and xenograft. Nature 464, 999–1005 (2010).
pubmed: 20393555
pmcid: 2872544
doi: 10.1038/nature08989
Krueger, M. A. et al. Abstract 1146: [
doi: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-1146
Lee, B. Y. et al. Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase is lysosomal beta-galactosidase. Aging Cell 5, 187–195 (2006).
pubmed: 16626397
doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00199.x
Short, S., Fielder, E., Miwa, S. & von Zglinicki, T. Senolytics and senostatics as adjuvant tumour therapy. eBioMedicine 41, 683–692 (2019).
pubmed: 30737084
pmcid: 6441870
doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.056
Lord, C. J. & Ashworth, A. PARP inhibitors: synthetic lethality in the clinic. Science 355, 1152–1158 (2017).
pubmed: 28302823
pmcid: 6175050
doi: 10.1126/science.aam7344
Pommier, Y., O’Connor, M. J. & de Bono, J. Laying a trap to kill cancer cells: PARP inhibitors and their mechanisms of action. Sci. Transl. Med. 8, 362ps317 (2016).
doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf9246
Audeh, M. W. et al. Oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and recurrent ovarian cancer: a proof-of-concept trial. Lancet 376, 245–251 (2010).
pubmed: 20609468
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60893-8
Fong, P. C. et al. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in tumors from BRCA mutation carriers. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 123–134 (2009).
pubmed: 19553641
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0900212
Maughan, B. L. & Antonarakis, E. S. Olaparib and rucaparib for the treatment of DNA repair-deficient metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Exp. Opin. Pharmacother. 22, 1625–1632 (2021).
doi: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1912015
Rose, M., Burgess, J. T., O’Byrne, K., Richard, D. J. & Bolderson, E. PARP inhibitors: clinical relevance, mechanisms of action and tumor resistance. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 8, 564601 (2020).
pubmed: 33015058
pmcid: 7509090
doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564601
Ashworth, A. & Lord, C. J. Synthetic lethal therapies for cancer: what’s next after PARP inhibitors? Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 15, 564–576 (2018).
pubmed: 29955114
doi: 10.1038/s41571-018-0055-6
Michels, J. et al. Cisplatin resistance associated with PARP hyperactivation. Cancer Res. 73, 2271–2280 (2013).
pubmed: 23554447
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-3000
Lord, C. J., Tutt, A. N. & Ashworth, A. Synthetic lethality and cancer therapy: lessons learned from the development of PARP inhibitors. Annu. Rev. Med. 66, 455–470 (2015).
pubmed: 25341009
doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-050913-022545
Yi, M. et al. Advances and perspectives of PARP inhibitors. Exp. Hematol. Oncol. 8, 29 (2019).
pubmed: 31737426
pmcid: 6849303
doi: 10.1186/s40164-019-0154-9
Banerjee, S. et al. First-line PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: summary of an ESMO open — cancer horizons round-table discussion. ESMO Open 5, e001110 (2020).
pubmed: 33310779
pmcid: 7783599
doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-001110
Tu, Z. et al. Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of [
pubmed: 15982573
doi: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.03.001
Makvandi, M. et al. A PET imaging agent for evaluating PARP-1 expression in ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Invest. 128, 2116–2126 (2018).
pubmed: 29509546
pmcid: 5919879
doi: 10.1172/JCI97992
Carney, B., Kossatz, S. & Reiner, T. Molecular imaging of PARP. J. Nucl. Med. 58, 1025–1030 (2017).
pubmed: 28473593
pmcid: 5493005
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.117.189936
Carney, B. et al. Target engagement imaging of PARP inhibitors in small-cell lung cancer. Nat. Commun. 9, 176 (2018).
pubmed: 29330466
pmcid: 5766608
doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02096-w
McDonald, E. S. et al. Positron emission tomography imaging of poly-(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 expression in breast cancer: a nonrandomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 6, 921–923 (2020).
pubmed: 32297911
pmcid: 7163777
doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0334
Schoder, H. et al. Safety and feasibility of PARP1/2 imaging with
pubmed: 32245901
pmcid: 7421489
doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-3484
Michel, L. S. et al. PET of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in cancer: preclinical assessment and first in-human studies. Radiology 282, 453–463 (2017).
pubmed: 27841728
doi: 10.1148/radiol.2016161929
Fan, Y. et al. Progress of immune checkpoint therapy in the clinic (Review). Oncol. Rep. 41, 3–14 (2019).
pubmed: 30365127
June, C. H., O’Connor, R. S., Kawalekar, O. U., Ghassemi, S. & Milone, M. C. CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer. Science 359, 1361–1365 (2018).
pubmed: 29567707
doi: 10.1126/science.aar6711
Freise, A. C. & Wu, A. M. In vivo imaging with antibodies and engineered fragments. Mol. Immunol. 67, 142–152 (2015). This review discusses PET imaging of the immune system with biologicals.
pubmed: 25934435
pmcid: 4529772
doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.04.001
Bensch, F. et al. (89)Zr-atezolizumab imaging as a non-invasive approach to assess clinical response to PD-L1 blockade in cancer. Nat. Med. 24, 1852–1858 (2018). This study presents PET immune imaging of PDL1.
pubmed: 30478423
doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0255-8
Kristensen, L. K. et al. CD4
pubmed: 31754392
pmcid: 6857046
doi: 10.7150/thno.37513
Tavaré, R. et al. Engineered antibody fragments for immuno-PET imaging of endogenous CD8+ T cells in vivo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 1108–1113 (2014).
pubmed: 24390540
pmcid: 3903195
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1316922111
Tavaré, R. et al. Immuno-PET of murine T cell reconstitution postadoptive stem cell transplantation using anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 Cys-diabodies. J. Nucl. Med. 56, 1258–1264 (2015).
pubmed: 25952734
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.114.153338
Lecocq, Q. et al. Theranostics in immuno-oncology using nanobody derivatives. Theranostics 9, 7772–7791 (2019).
pmcid: 6831473
doi: 10.7150/thno.34941
van der Linden, R. H. et al. Comparison of physical chemical properties of llama VHH antibody fragments and mouse monoclonal antibodies. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1431, 37–46 (1999).
doi: 10.1016/S0167-4838(99)00030-8
Rashidian, M. & Ploegh, H. Nanobodies as non-invasive imaging tools. Immuno-Oncol. Technol. 7, 2–14 (2020).
doi: 10.1016/j.iotech.2020.07.001
Gide, T. N. et al. Distinct immune cell populations define response to anti-PD-1 monotherapy and anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 combined therapy. Cancer Cell 35, 238–255.e6 (2019).
doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.003
Thorsson, V. et al. The immune landscape of cancer. Immunity 48, 812–830.e4 (2018).
pubmed: 29628290
pmcid: 5982584
doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.023
Galon, J. et al. Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome. Science 313, 1960–1964 (2006).
pubmed: 17008531
doi: 10.1126/science.1129139
Klein, O. et al. Melan-A-specific cytotoxic T cells are associated with tumor regression and autoimmunity following treatment with anti-CTLA-4. Clin. Cancer Res. 15, 2507–2513 (2009).
pubmed: 19318477
doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2424
Tavare, R. et al. An effective immuno-PET imaging method to monitor CD8-dependent responses to immunotherapy. Cancer Res. 76, 73–82 (2016).
pubmed: 26573799
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-1707
Rashidian, M. et al. Predicting the response to CTLA-4 blockade by longitudinal noninvasive monitoring of CD8 T cells. J. Exp. Med. 214, 2243–2255 (2017).
pubmed: 28666979
pmcid: 5551571
doi: 10.1084/jem.20161950
Freise, A. C. et al. ImmunoPET imaging of murine CD4
pubmed: 27966069
pmcid: 5524218
doi: 10.1007/s11307-016-1032-z
Griessinger, C. M. et al. The PET-tracer 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C enables monitoring of intratumoral CD8 T-cell infiltrates in tumor-bearing humanized mice after T-cell bispecific antibody treatment. Cancer Res. 80, 2903 (2020).
pubmed: 32409308
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-3269
Pandit-Taskar, N. et al. First in human phase I imaging study with 89Zr-IAB22M2C anti-CD8 minibody in patients with solid tumors. J. Nucl. Med. 59, 596 (2018).
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03802123 (2019).
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05397171 (2022).
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05744128 (2023).
EU Clinical Trials Register. https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2021-004328-004313/DE (2022).
Kist de Ruijter, L. et al. Whole-body CD8
pubmed: 36471036
pmcid: 9800278
doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-02084-8
Ahrends, T. & Borst, J. The opposing roles of CD4
pmcid: 6050207
doi: 10.1111/imm.12941
Di Mascio, M. et al. Noninvasive in vivo imaging of CD4 cells in simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected nonhuman primates. Blood 114, 328–337 (2009).
pmcid: 2714208
doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-12-192203
Kanwar, B. et al. In vivo imaging of mucosal CD4
doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.09.008
Rubin, R. H., Baltimore, D., Chen, B. K., Wilkinson, R. A. & Fischman, A. J. In vivo tissue distribution of CD4 lymphocytes in mice determined by radioimmunoscintigraphy with an 111In-labeled anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 7460–7463 (1996).
pubmed: 8755495
pmcid: 38766
doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.15.7460
Choy, E. H. et al. Repeat-cycle study of high-dose intravenous 4162W94 anti-CD4 humanized monoclonal antibody in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Rheumatology 41, 1142–1148 (2002).
pubmed: 12364634
doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/41.10.1142
Harmand, T. J., Islam, A., Pishesha, N. & Ploegh, H. L. Nanobodies as in vivo, non-invasive, imaging agents. RSC Chem. Biol. 2, 685–701 (2021).
pubmed: 34212147
pmcid: 8190910
doi: 10.1039/D1CB00023C
Moreland, L. W. et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial using chimeric monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody, cM-T412, in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 38, 1581–1588 (1995).
pubmed: 7488278
doi: 10.1002/art.1780381109
Traenkle, B. et al. Single-domain antibodies for targeting, detection, and in vivo imaging of human CD4
pubmed: 34956237
pmcid: 8696186
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.799910
Wilde, D. B., Marrack, P., Kappler, J., Dialynas, D. P. & Fitch, F. W. Evidence implicating L3T4 in class II MHC antigen reactivity; monoclonal antibody GK1.5 (anti-L3T4a) blocks class II MHC antigen-specific proliferation, release of lymphokines, and binding by cloned murine helper T lymphocyte lines. J. Immunol. 131, 2178–2183 (1983).
pubmed: 6195255
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.131.5.2178
Kochenderfer, J. N. et al. Long-duration complete remissions of diffuse large B cell lymphoma after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. Mol. Ther. 25, 2245–2253 (2017).
pubmed: 28803861
pmcid: 5628864
doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.07.004
Maude, S. L. et al. Tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 378, 439–448 (2018).
pubmed: 29385370
pmcid: 5996391
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709866
Simonetta, F. et al. Molecular imaging of chimeric antigen receptor T cells by ICOS-ImmunoPET. Clin. Cancer Res. 27, 1058 (2021).
pubmed: 33087332
doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-2770
Weist, M. R. et al. PET of adoptively transferred chimeric antigen receptor T cells with
pubmed: 29728514
pmcid: 6167529
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.117.206714
Minn, I. et al. Imaging CAR T cell therapy with PSMA-targeted positron emission tomography. Sci. Adv. 5, eaaw5096 (2019).
pubmed: 31281894
pmcid: 6609218
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw5096
Sellmyer, M. A. et al. Imaging CAR T cell trafficking with eDHFR as a PET reporter gene. Mol. Ther. 28, 42–51 (2020).
pubmed: 31668558
doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.10.007
Volpe, A. et al. Spatiotemporal PET imaging reveals differences in CAR-T tumor retention in triple-negative breast cancer models. Mol. Ther. 28, 2271–2285 (2020).
pubmed: 32645298
pmcid: 7544977
doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.06.028
Keu, K. V. et al. Reporter gene imaging of targeted T cell immunotherapy in recurrent glioma. Sci. Transl. Med. 9, eaag2196 (2017).
pubmed: 28100832
pmcid: 5260938
doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag2196
Di Gialleonardo, V., Signore, A., Glaudemans, A. W., Dierckx, R. A. & De Vries, E. F. N-(4-
pubmed: 22499614
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.111.091306
Larimer, B. M. et al. Granzyme B PET imaging as a predictive biomarker of immunotherapy response. Cancer Res. 77, 2318–2327 (2017).
pubmed: 28461564
pmcid: 5474226
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-3346
Gibson, H. M. et al. IFNgamma PET imaging as a predictive tool for monitoring response to tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Res. 78, 5706–5717 (2018).
pubmed: 30115693
pmcid: 6443251
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-0253
Radu, C. G. et al. Molecular imaging of lymphoid organs and immune activation by positron emission tomography with a new [
pubmed: 18542051
pmcid: 2720060
doi: 10.1038/nm1724
Salas, J. R. et al.
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.118.210328
pubmed: 29700125
pmcid: 6167535
Alam, I. S. et al. Imaging activated T cells predicts response to cancer vaccines. J. Clin. Invest. 128, 2569–2580 (2018).
pubmed: 29596062
pmcid: 5983309
doi: 10.1172/JCI98509
Pan, Y., Yu, Y., Wang, X. & Zhang, T. Tumor-associated macrophages in tumor immunity. Front. Immunol. 11, 583084 (2020).
pubmed: 33365025
pmcid: 7751482
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583084
Xiang, X., Wang, J., Lu, D. & Xu, X. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages to synergize tumor immunotherapy. Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther. 6, 75 (2021).
pubmed: 33619259
pmcid: 7900181
doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00484-9
Mukherjee, S., Sonanini, D., Maurer, A. & Daldrup-Link, H. E. The yin and yang of imaging tumor associated macrophages with PET and MRI. Theranostics 9, 7730–7748 (2019).
pubmed: 31695797
pmcid: 6831464
doi: 10.7150/thno.37306
Blykers, A. et al. PET imaging of macrophage mannose receptor–expressing macrophages in tumor stroma using
pubmed: 26069306
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.115.156828
Movahedi, K. et al. Nanobody-based targeting of the macrophage mannose receptor for effective in vivo imaging of tumor-associated macrophages. Cancer Res. 72, 4165 (2012).
pubmed: 22719068
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-2994
Galli, F. et al. In vivo imaging of natural killer cell trafficking in tumors. J. Nucl. Med. 56, 1575–1580 (2015).
pubmed: 26272812
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.114.152918
Griss, J. et al. B cells sustain inflammation and predict response to immune checkpoint blockade in human melanoma. Nat. Commun. 10, 4186 (2019).
pubmed: 31519915
pmcid: 6744450
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12160-2
Krasniqi, A. et al. Theranostic radiolabeled anti-CD20 sdAb for targeted radionuclide therapy of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Mol. Cancer Ther. 16, 2828 (2017).
pubmed: 29054987
doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-17-0554
Perez, C. R. & De Palma, M. Engineering dendritic cell vaccines to improve cancer immunotherapy. Nat. Commun. 10, 5408 (2019).
pubmed: 31776331
pmcid: 6881351
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13368-y
Ambrosini, V. et al. Consensus on molecular imaging and theranostics in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Eur. J. Cancer 146, 56–73 (2021).
pubmed: 33588146
pmcid: 8903070
doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.01.008
Maffey-Steffan, J. et al. The
pubmed: 31776632
doi: 10.1007/s00259-019-04583-2
Agdeppa, E. D. & Spilker, M. E. A review of imaging agent development. AAPS J. 11, 286–299 (2009).
pubmed: 19415506
pmcid: 2691464
doi: 10.1208/s12248-009-9104-5
Farsad, M. FDG PET/CT in the staging of lung cancer. Curr. Radiopharm. 13, 195–203 (2020).
pubmed: 31868151
pmcid: 8206197
doi: 10.2174/1874471013666191223153755
Gandy, N., Arshad, M. A., Park, W. E., Rockall, A. G. & Barwick, T. D. FDG-PET imaging in cervical cancer. Semin. Nucl. Med. 49, 461–470 (2019).
pubmed: 31630730
doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.06.007
Groheux, D. et al.
pubmed: 26834096
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.115.157859
Weber, W. A. Use of PET for monitoring cancer therapy and for predicting outcome. J. Nucl. Med. 46, 983–995 (2005). This review discusses PET imaging in oncology.
pubmed: 15937310
Reinfeld, B. I. et al. Cell-programmed nutrient partitioning in the tumour microenvironment. Nature 593, 282–288 (2021).
pubmed: 33828302
pmcid: 8122068
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03442-1
Schwenck, J. et al. Cancer immunotherapy is accompanied by distinct metabolic patterns in primary and secondary lymphoid organs observed by non-invasive in vivo
pubmed: 31903160
pmcid: 6929998
doi: 10.7150/thno.35989
Lee, S. & Schmitt, C. A. The dynamic nature of senescence in cancer. Nat. Cell Biol. 21, 94–101 (2019).
pubmed: 30602768
doi: 10.1038/s41556-018-0249-2
Schmitz, J. et al. Decoding intratumoral heterogeneity of breast cancer by multiparametric in vivo imaging: a translational study. Cancer Res. 76, 5512–5522 (2016).
pubmed: 27466286
pmcid: 5414858
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-0642
Hallqvist, A. et al. Positron emission tomography and computed tomographic imaging (PET/CT) for dose planning purposes of thoracic radiation with curative intent in lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiother. Oncol. 123, 71–77 (2017).
pubmed: 28284494
doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.02.011
Gehler, B. et al. [
pubmed: 19922642
pmcid: 2785827
doi: 10.1186/1748-717X-4-56
Rogowski, P. et al. Radiotherapy of oligometastatic prostate cancer: a systematic review. Radiat. Oncol. 16, 50 (2021).
pubmed: 33750437
pmcid: 7941976
doi: 10.1186/s13014-021-01776-8
Bashir, A. et al. Recurrent glioblastoma versus late posttreatment changes: diagnostic accuracy of O-(2-[
pubmed: 31618420
pmcid: 6917428
doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noz166
Langen, K. J., Galldiks, N., Hattingen, E. & Shah, N. J. Advances in neuro-oncology imaging. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 13, 279–289 (2017).
pubmed: 28387340
doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.44
Pyka, T. et al. Diagnosis of glioma recurrence using multiparametric dynamic
pubmed: 29803382
doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.04.003
Waaijer, S. J. H. et al. Molecular imaging in cancer drug development. J. Nucl. Med. 59, 726–732 (2018).
pubmed: 29371402
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.116.188045
Matthews, P. M., Rabiner, E. A., Passchier, J. & Gunn, R. N. Positron emission tomography molecular imaging for drug development. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 73, 175–186 (2012).
pubmed: 21838787
pmcid: 3269576
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04085.x
Bahce, I. et al. Effects of erlotinib therapy on [
pubmed: 26857779
pmcid: 4746207
doi: 10.1186/s13550-016-0169-8
Oosting, S. F. et al.
pubmed: 25476536
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.114.144840
Contractor, K. B. & Aboagye, E. O. Monitoring predominantly cytostatic treatment response with
pubmed: 19403880
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.108.057273
Pandit-Taskar, N. et al. First-in-humans imaging with
pubmed: 31586002
pmcid: 7198374
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.119.229781
Goggi, J. L. et al. Granzyme B PET imaging of combined chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in colon cancer. Mol. Imaging Biol. 23, 714–723 (2021).
pubmed: 33713000
pmcid: 8410722
doi: 10.1007/s11307-021-01596-y