Soil contamination in community gardens of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Community garden
Heavy metals
Lead exceedances
Raised bed
Smelter
Journal
Environmental monitoring and assessment
ISSN: 1573-2959
Titre abrégé: Environ Monit Assess
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8508350
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 Jun 2023
01 Jun 2023
Historique:
received:
03
02
2023
accepted:
03
05
2023
medline:
5
6
2023
pubmed:
1
6
2023
entrez:
1
6
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Community gardens have been seen sprouting up in and around urban settings such as Philadelphia and Pittsburgh over the past several decades. Due to the long histories of industrial activities and urbanization, these soils in urban regions may be at a high risk for various contaminants such as metals and metalloids. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), we measured 7 elements (lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As)) in soil samples collected from a total of 21 community gardens in Philadelphia City, Philadelphia suburban areas, and Pittsburgh City during September and October 2021. We found that the city areas in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh had higher elemental concentrations in community garden soils compared to the suburbs. We found that all elements except vanadium were below the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) guidelines. When compared to more stringent Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) guidelines of a maximum of 140 mg/kg of lead in the soil, 36% percent of Philadelphia community gardens, 60% of Pittsburgh gardens, and 20% of the Philadelphia suburb gardens exceeded the CCME guideline. In Philadelphia city, generally, elemental concentrations exhibited a negative trend with increasing distance to historical smelter locations, although a significant correlation was observed for only zinc. We found that the soil from the raised beds had lower concentrations of lead and arsenic, but many of the samples from the raised beds had higher concentrations of zinc, copper, vanadium, and nickel. This discrepancy in raised beds is most likely attributed to these elements being actively deposited in the soil from present day sources such as vehicles on the road and active industrial sites. Understanding and recognizing such variations of these contaminants in community gardens are essential to understanding how industrial legacies and modern pollution continue to put urban communities at a disproportionate risk of health impacts.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37261617
doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11329-z
pii: 10.1007/s10661-023-11329-z
doi:
Substances chimiques
Nickel
7OV03QG267
Copper
789U1901C5
Soil
0
Vanadium
00J9J9XKDE
Arsenic
N712M78A8G
Zinc
J41CSQ7QDS
Soil Pollutants
0
Metals, Heavy
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
782Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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