Physical fitness trends in a nationally representative sample of Portuguese youth: What has changed from 2008 to 2018?
normative values
physical fitness
secular trends
surveillance systems
youth
Journal
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
ISSN: 1600-0838
Titre abrégé: Scand J Med Sci Sports
Pays: Denmark
ID NLM: 9111504
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2023
Oct 2023
Historique:
revised:
16
02
2023
received:
20
04
2022
accepted:
16
05
2023
medline:
12
9
2023
pubmed:
2
6
2023
entrez:
2
6
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
This investigation aimed to describe the current physical fitness (PF) status of Portuguese youth, compare secular trends from 2008 and 2018, and establish updated age- and sex-specific percentile values for distinct PF tests. In 2008 and 2018, 22 048 and 8960 children and adolescents (10-18 years) were included in two national cross-sectional investigations. PF was evaluated using the FITESCOLA® battery tests and the handgrip strength test. Independent sample t-tests and chi-squared tests were used to model the results. Weight smoothed percentile values were calculated using Cole's Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method. All analyses were weighted according to age, sex, and geographic region. In 2018, boys surpassed girls in the 20-m shuttle run, curl-ups, push-ups, standing long, and vertical jump tests, while girls performed better in the sit-and-reach (p < 0.05). The percentage of boys and girls meeting the healthy zone in the 20-min shuttle run test did not differ between 2008 and 2018 (p ≥ 0.05). In boys, a higher percentage fell in the healthy zone for the curl-up and push-up tests in 2018 compared to 2008 (85.8% vs. 83.4%, and 57.8% vs. 53.8%; p < 0.05). Girls improved their flexibility component (sit-and-reach test), with a higher percentage meeting the healthy zone in 2018 (32.6% vs. 36.9%; p < 0.05); an opposite trend was seen for boys (65.5% vs. 50.1%; p < 0.05). The present investigation provides new and updated PF percentile curves for Portuguese youth, which can be used as a general overview of the current PF state among the Portuguese young population.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2058-2067Subventions
Organisme : Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Informations de copyright
© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Références
Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ, Sjostrom M. Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. Int J Obes. 2008;32(1):1-11. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803774
Tarp J, Dalene KE, Steene-Johannessen J, Ekelund U. Comment on: "cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood and adolescence affects future cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review of longitudinal studies". Sports Med. 2019;49(1):159-161. doi:10.1007/s40279-018-01035-z
Sato M, Kodama S, Sugawara A, Saito K, Sone H. Physical fitness during adolescence and adult mortality. Epidemiology. 2009;20(3):463-464. doi:10.1097/Ede.0b013e31819ed09f
Kvaavik E, Klepp KI, Tell GS, Meyer HE, Batty GD. Physical fitness and physical activity at age 13 years as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors at ages 15, 25, 33, and 40 years: extended follow-up of the Oslo youth study. Pediatrics. 2009;123(1):e80-e86. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1118
Fühner T, Kliegl R, Arntz F, Kriemler S, Granacher U. An update on secular trends in physical fitness of children and adolescents from 1972 to 2015: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2021;51(2):303-320. doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01373-x
Masanovic B, Gardasevic J, Marques A, et al. Trends in physical fitness among school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic review. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:627529. doi:10.3389/fped.2020.627529
Potocnik ZL, Jurak G, Starc G. Secular trends of physical fitness in twenty-five birth cohorts of Slovenian children: a population-based study. Front Public Health. 2020;8:561273. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.561273
Tomkinson GR, Carver KD, Atkinson F, et al. European normative values for physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 9-17 years: results from 2 779 165 Eurofit performances representing 30 countries. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(22):1445-14563. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098253
Santos R, Mota J, Santos DA, Silva AM, Baptista F, Sardinha LB. Physical fitness percentiles for Portuguese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. J Sports Sci. 2014;32(16):1510-1518. doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.906046
Vanhelst J, Beghin L, Fardy PS, Ulmer Z, Czaplicki G. Reliability of health-related physical fitness tests in adolescents: the MOVE program. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2016;36(2):106-111. doi:10.1111/cpf.12202
Henriques-Neto D, Minderico C, Peralta M, Marques A, Sardinha LB. Test-retest reliability of physical fitness tests among young athletes: the FITescola® battery. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2020;40(3):173-182. doi:10.1111/cpf.12624
Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R. Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Human Kinetics Books; 1988.
Plowman S, Meredith MD. Fitnessgram/Activitygram Reference Guide (4th Edition). The Cooper Institute; 2013.
Saint-Maurice PF, Laurson K, Welk GJ, et al. Grip strength cutpoints for youth based on a clinically relevant bone health outcome. Arch Osteoporos. 2018;13(1):92. doi:10.1007/s11657-018-0502-0
Ortega FB, Artero EG, Ruiz JR, et al. Physical fitness levels among European adolescents: the HELENA study. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(1):20-29. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.062679
Castro-Piñero J, Laurson KR, Artero EG, et al. Muscle strength field-based tests to identify European adolescents at risk of metabolic syndrome: the HELENA study. J Sci Med Sport. 2019;22(8):929-934. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.04.008
Cole TJ, Green PJ. Smoothing reference centile curves: the LMS method and penalized likelihood. Stat Med. 1992;11(10):1305-1319. doi:10.1002/sim.4780111005
Pan HCT. User's Guide to LMScharter. Medical Research Council; 2010:1-42.
Pan H, Cole TJ. A comparison of goodness of fit tests for age-related reference ranges. Stat Med. 2004;23(11):1749-1765. doi:10.1002/sim.1692
van Buuren S, Fredriks M. Worm plot: a simple diagnostic device for modelling growth reference curves. Stat Med. 2001;20(8):1259-1277. doi:10.1002/sim.746
Costa AM, Costa MJ, Reis AA, Ferreira S, Martins J, Pereira A. Secular trends in anthropometrics and physical fitness of young Portuguese school-aged children. Anthropometry; body mass index; child; growth and development; physical fitness; Portugal. Acta Medica Port. 2017;30(2):108-114. doi:10.20344/amp.7712
Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Hamid ZA, et al. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017;390(10113):2627-2642. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3
Dooley FL, Kaster T, Fitzgerald JS, et al. A systematic analysis of temporal trends in the handgrip strength of 2,216,320 children and adolescents between 1967 and 2017. Sports Med. 2020;50(6):1129-1144. doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01265-0
Bebcakova V, Vadasova B, Kacur P, et al. Distribution of health-related physical fitness in Slovak population. Springerplus. 2015;4:691. doi:10.1186/s40064-015-1479-4
Jurak G, Milanovic I, Radisavljevic Janic S, Soric M, Kovac M. Some indicators of fatness and motor fitness in Slovenian and Serbian children. Int J Morphol. 2015;33:420-427.
True L, Martin EM, Pfeiffer KA, et al. Tracking of physical fitness components from childhood to adolescence: a longitudinal study. Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci. 2021;25(1):22-34. doi:10.1080/1091367X.2020.1729767
Perna FM, Coa K, Troiano RP, et al. Muscular grip strength estimates of the U.S. population from the National Health and nutrition examination survey 2011-2012. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(3):867-874. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001104
Hanssen-Doose A, Niessner C, Oriwol D, Bös K, Woll A, Worth A. Population-based trends in physical fitness of children and adolescents in Germany, 2003-2017. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021;21(8):1204-1214. doi:10.1080/17461391.2020.1793003
Ruiz JR, Castro-Pinero J, Espana-Romero V, et al. Field-based fitness assessment in young people: the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(6):518-524. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2010.075341
Tomkinson GR, Lang JJ, Tremblay MS, et al. International normative 20 m shuttle run values from 1 142 026 children and youth representing 50 countries. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(21):1545-1554. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-095987
Malina RM. Secular changes in growth, maturation, and physical performance. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1978;6:203-255.