Challenges of Continuation of Exclusive Breast Feeding up to 6 Months in a Setting with High Exclusive Breast Feeding Rates Reported. Experience from Eastern Province of Sri Lanka.
Complementary feeding
Eastern Province
Employment
Exclusive Breast feeding
Sri Lanka
Journal
Maternal and child health journal
ISSN: 1573-6628
Titre abrégé: Matern Child Health J
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9715672
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2023
Nov 2023
Historique:
accepted:
21
05
2023
medline:
23
10
2023
pubmed:
4
6
2023
entrez:
4
6
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
According to the World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative, Sri Lanka ranked as number one and only country to achieve green status. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for six months is current practice with a rate of 75.5% among 0-5 months. Identify factors contributing early cessation of breastfeeding in a single centre of Eastern province Sri Lanka. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Sammanthurai Medical officer of Health area. Consecutive mother-infant days with the infant ageing < 6 months were included from 25 public health midwife areas using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Missing values imputed using 'missForest' algorithm. The mean age of the sample was 28.4(SD ± 5.6). Of the 257 mothers recruited, 15(5.8%) were teenagers and 42(16.3%) > 35 years. 251(97.6%) had children 1-5 and 86(33.5%) were first born. 140 (54.5%) had tertiary education, 28 (10.9%).31(12.1%) were employed. EBF rates 0-6 months was 79.8% (n = 205). 239(93.0%) started breastfeeding within an hour. EBF was not associated with maternal age, birth order or income. 18 employed mothers and 186 unemployed mothers continued EBF. Regarding the factors associated with EBF, having a tertiary education (p < .001), being employed (p = .004) and having less than 3 children (p = .03) were associated with non-exclusive breastfeeding. Tertiary education was the significant predictor of non-exclusive breastfeeding in this population with an odds ratio of 4.50 (95% CI 1.331-15.215). Employment identified as a risk factor for early cessation of EBF needs well planned further research to overcome this practical issue. Also might need revision of workplace policies, establishment of lactation areas in office premises to overcome some of these issues.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
According to the World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative, Sri Lanka ranked as number one and only country to achieve green status. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for six months is current practice with a rate of 75.5% among 0-5 months.
AIM
OBJECTIVE
Identify factors contributing early cessation of breastfeeding in a single centre of Eastern province Sri Lanka.
METHODS
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Sammanthurai Medical officer of Health area. Consecutive mother-infant days with the infant ageing < 6 months were included from 25 public health midwife areas using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Missing values imputed using 'missForest' algorithm.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The mean age of the sample was 28.4(SD ± 5.6). Of the 257 mothers recruited, 15(5.8%) were teenagers and 42(16.3%) > 35 years. 251(97.6%) had children 1-5 and 86(33.5%) were first born. 140 (54.5%) had tertiary education, 28 (10.9%).31(12.1%) were employed. EBF rates 0-6 months was 79.8% (n = 205). 239(93.0%) started breastfeeding within an hour. EBF was not associated with maternal age, birth order or income. 18 employed mothers and 186 unemployed mothers continued EBF. Regarding the factors associated with EBF, having a tertiary education (p < .001), being employed (p = .004) and having less than 3 children (p = .03) were associated with non-exclusive breastfeeding. Tertiary education was the significant predictor of non-exclusive breastfeeding in this population with an odds ratio of 4.50 (95% CI 1.331-15.215).
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Employment identified as a risk factor for early cessation of EBF needs well planned further research to overcome this practical issue. Also might need revision of workplace policies, establishment of lactation areas in office premises to overcome some of these issues.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37270754
doi: 10.1007/s10995-023-03724-2
pii: 10.1007/s10995-023-03724-2
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1996-2001Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Références
Agampodi, S. B., Agampodi, T. C., & Piyaseeli, U. K. D. (2007). Breastfeeding practices in a public health field practice area in Sri Lanka: A survival analysis. International Breastfeeding Journal., 2(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4358-2-13
doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-2-13
pubmed: 17927840
pmcid: 2092417
Agampodi, S. B., Agampodi, T. C., & de Silva, A. (2009). Exclusive breastfeeding in Sri Lanka: Problems of interpretation of reported rates. International Breastfeeding Journal., 4, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4358-4-14
doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-4-14
pubmed: 19941654
pmcid: 2789039
Agampodi, T. C., Dharmasoma, N. K., Koralagedara, I. S., et al. (2021). Barriers for early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding up to six months in predominantly rural Sri Lanka: A need to strengthen policy implementation. International Breastfeeding Journal., 16(32), 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-021-00378-0
doi: 10.1186/s13006-021-00378-0
Bandusena, A. S. L., & Warnasuriya, N. D. (2009). Selected determinants and sequelae of exclusive breastfeeding up to six months among infants attending chosen well baby clinics in the Colombo District. Ceylon Medical Journal., 54(4), 124–127. https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v54i4.1453
doi: 10.4038/cmj.v54i4.1453
pubmed: 20052854
Chowdhury, R., Sinha, B., Sankar, M. J., et al. (2015). Breastfeeding and maternal health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatrica., 104(S467), 96–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13102
doi: 10.1111/apa.13102
pubmed: 26172878
Department of Census and Statistics in collaboration with Ministry of health nutrition and welfare 2016: Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey. 2016.
Dhammika, B., & Gunawardena, N. (2012). Knowledge, practices and concerns regarding exclusive breastfeeding for six months among mothers of infants in a suburban setting in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health. https://doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v41i1.4130
doi: 10.4038/sljch.v41i1.4130
Family Health Bureau Ministry of Health Sri Lanka. (2014). NATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR NEWBORN CARE.
Family Health Bureau. (2020). National Statistics, 2020. Retrieved from http://fhb.health.gov.lk/index.php/en/statistics .
Johnston, M., Landers, S., Noble, L., Szucs, K., Viehmann, L., Section on breastfeeding. (2012). Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics, 129(3), e827-41. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3552
doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-3552
Maternity Benefits (Amendment) Act, No. 15 of 2018
McDonald, J. H., & Delaware, U. (2009). Handbook of Biological Statistics. Sparky House Publishing.
Perera, P. J., Fernando, M., Warnakulasuria, T., & Ranathunga, N. (2011). Feeding practices among children attending child welfare clinics in Ragama MOH area: A descriptive cross-sectional study. International Breastfeeding Journal., 6, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4358-6-18
doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-6-18
pubmed: 22104029
pmcid: 3248855
Perera, P. J., Ranathunga, N., Fernando, M. P., Sampath, W., & Samaranayake, G. B. (2012). Actual exclusive breastfeeding rates and determinants among a cohort of children living in Gampaha district Sri Lanka: A prospective observational study. International Breastfeeding Journal., 7(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4358-7-21
doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-7-21
pubmed: 23259860
pmcid: 3546863
Ratnayake, H. E., & Rowel, D. (2018). Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and barriers for its continuation up to six months in Kandy district, Sri Lanka. International Breastfeeding Journal., 13(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-018-0180-y
doi: 10.1186/s13006-018-0180-y
pubmed: 30116290
pmcid: 6085653
Section 02 of the Maternity Benefits Ordinance, 1939
Section 18(B) of the Shop and Office Employees Act
Senarath, U., Siriwardena, I., Godakandage, S., Jayawickrama, H., & Fernando, D. (2011). Determinants of breastfeeding practices: An analysis of the Sri Lanka demographic and health survey 2006–2007. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 8, 315–329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00321.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00321.x
pubmed: 21507202
pmcid: 6860852
The World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative ( WBTi ). Press Briefing : The World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative ( WBTi ), Congratulates Sri Lanka on achieving first “ Green ” nation status supporting breastfeeding women. 2020
Victora, C. G., Bahl, R., Barros, A. J. D., et al. (2016). Breastfeeding in the 21st century: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet, 387(10017), 475–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7
pubmed: 26869575
WHO. Postnatal care of the mother and newborn 2013. World Health Organization. 2013:1–72 doi:978 92 4 150664 9
World Health Organization UNICF. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. 2003:1–30
World Health Organization/Health Topic/Breast feeding 2021. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/health-topics/breastfeeding#tab=tab_1