Atherogenic dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: The PREDISAT study.
atherogenic dyslipidaemia
cardiovascular risk
hypertriglyceridaemia
type 2 diabetes
Journal
Lipids
ISSN: 1558-9307
Titre abrégé: Lipids
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0060450
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jul 2023
Jul 2023
Historique:
revised:
17
05
2023
received:
28
03
2023
accepted:
24
05
2023
medline:
10
7
2023
pubmed:
9
6
2023
entrez:
9
6
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Extremely variable prevalence rates of atherogenic dyslipidaemia (AD) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects have been reported. The primary aim was to assess AD prevalence in Spanish T2DM subjects. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the differential clinical characteristics between T2DM subjects with and without AD, to describe lipid profile evolution and use of lipid-lowering treatment in clinical practice by the Spanish Lipid Units. Data was obtained from the National Registry of Dyslipidaemias of the Spanish Atherosclerosis Society, from a multicentric sub-study focused on AD prevalence in T2DM subjects (PREDISAT study). The inclusion criteria were subjects diagnosed of T2DM with age ≥18 years old. A total of 385 T2DM subjects with a mean age of 61 years and 246 (64%) men were included. The mean follow-up was 22 ± 7.4 months. At baseline, 41.3% of the T2DM subjects presented AD, this percentage decreasing to 34.8% with therapeutic intervention. AD prevalence varied in different age groups and appeared to be more prevalent in younger T2DM subjects. Those with AD had a more atherogenic lipid profile at baseline, with higher total cholesterol, triglyceride and non-(high-density lipoprotein) HDL cholesterol levels at baseline, together with lower HDL cholesterol concentrations, without achieving lipid subfraction goals during follow-up. Although almost 90% of the AD subjects were under lipid-lowering treatment, most were receiving only one drug, being statins the most used treatmentA high AD prevalence in T2DM subjects was observed, being age a determinant factor, with a modest decline during follow-up. Although almost 90% of the AD subjects were under lipid-lowering drugs, most were only receiving monotherapy with statins.
Substances chimiques
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
0
Cholesterol, HDL
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
197-206Informations de copyright
© 2023 AOCS.
Références
ACCORD Study Group, Ginsberg HN, Elam MB, Lovato LC, Crouse JR 3rd, Leiter LA, et al. Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1563-74. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1001282
AIM-HIGH Investigators, Boden WE, Probstfield JL, Anderson T, Chaitman BR, Desvignes-Nickens P, et al. Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2255-67. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1107579
Assmann G, Schulte H, von Eckardstein A, Huang Y. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of coronary heart disease risk. The PROCAM experience and pathophysiological implications for reverse cholesterol transport. Atherosclerosis. 1996;124(Suppl):S11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(96)05852-2
Athyros VG, Doumas M, Imprialos KP, Stavropoulos K, Georgianou E, Katsimardou A, et al. Diabetes and lipid metabolism. Hormones (Athens). 2018;17:61-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-018-0014-8
Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, Ketchum SB, et al. REDUCE-IT Investigators. Cardiovascular risk reduction with icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:11-22. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1812792
Bruckert E, Labreuche J, Deplanque D, Touboul PJ, Amarenco P. Fibrates effect on cardiovascular risk is greater in patients with high triglyceride levels or atherogenic dyslipidemia profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2011;57:267-72. https://doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0b013e318202709f
Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, Sans S, Menotti A, De Backer G, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:987-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0195-668x(03)00114-3
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Collins R, Keech A, Simes J, et al. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2008;371:117-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60104-X
Deedwania PC, Shepherd J, Breazna A, DeMicco DA. Effect of high-dose atorvastatin on the cardiovascular risk associated with individual components of metabolic syndrome: a subanalysis of the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2016;18:56-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12581
Dunn FL. Management of dyslipidemia in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2010;11:41-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-010-9132-6
Fan W, Philip S, Granowitz C, Toth PP, Wong ND. Hypertriglyceridemia in statin-treated US adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Lipidol. 2019;13:100-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2018.11.008
Fruchart JC, Sacks FM, Hermans MP, Assmann G, Brown WV, Ceska R, et al. The residual risk reduction initiative: a call to action to reduce residual vascular risk in dyslipidaemic patient. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2008;5:319-35. https://doi.org/10.3132/dvdr.2008.046
Ginsberg HN, Packard CJ, Chapman MJ, Borén J, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Averna M, et al. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies - a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:4791-806. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab551
Goff DC Jr, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, Coady S, D'Agostino RB, Gibbons R, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl.2):S49-73. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98
Grundy S. Small LDL, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome. Circulation. 1997;95:1-4. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.95.1.1
Halcox JP, Banegas JR, Roy C, Dallongeville J, Backer GD, Guallar E, et al. Prevalence and treatment of atherogenic dyslipidemia in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Europe: EURIKA, a cross-sectional observational study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017;17:160. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-017-0591-5
Hayward RA, Reaven PD, Wiitala WL, Bahn GD, Reda DJ, Ge L, et al. Follow-up of glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2197-206. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414266
HPS2-THRIVE Collaborative Group, Landray MJ, Haynes R, Hopewell JC, Parish S, Aung T, et al. Effects of extended-release niacin with laropiprant in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:203-12. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1300955
Jorgensen AB, Frikke-Schmidt R, West AS, Grande P, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjaerg-Hansen A. Genetically elevated non-fasting triglycerides and calculated remnant cholesterol as casual risk factors for myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:1826-33. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs431
Jun M, Foote C, Lv J, Neal B, Patel A, Nicholls SJ, et al. Effects of fibrates on cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375:1875-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60656-3
Kaze AD, Santhanam P, Musani SK, Ahima R, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Metabolic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from the Look AHEAD Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10:e016947. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.016947
Keech A, Simes RJ, Barter P, Best J, Scott R, Taskinen MR, et al. Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:1849-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67667-2
Kim K-S, Hong S, Kyungdo K, Park CY. Fenofibrate add-on to statin treatment is associated with low all-cause death and cardiovascular disease in the general population with high triglyceride levels. Metabolism. 2022;137:155327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155327
Lee JS, Chang PY, Zhang Y, Kizer JR, Best LG, Howard BV. Triglyceride and HDL-C dyslipidemia and risks of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke by glycemic dysregulation status: the Strong Heart Study. Diabetes Care. 2017;40:529-37. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1958
Lee M, Saver JL, Towfighi A, Chow J, Ovbiagele B. Efficacy of fibrates for cardiovascular risk reduction in persons with atherogenic dyslipidemia: a meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis. 2011;217:492-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.020
Lloyd-Jones DM, Morris PB, Ballantyne CM, Birtcher KK, Daly DD Jr, DePalma SM, et al. 2017 focused update of the 2016 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on the role of non-statin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology task force on expert consensus decision pathways. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:1785-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.745
Musunuru K. Atherogenic dyslipidemia: cardiovascular risk and dietary intervention. Lipids. 2010;45:907-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-010-3408-1
Nichols GA, Philip S, Reynolds K, Granowitz CB, Fazio S. Increased residual cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes and high versus normal triglycerides despite statin-controlled LDL cholesterol. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21:366-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13537
Park Y, Harris WS. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation accelerates chylomicron triglyceride clearance. J Lipid Res. 2003;44:455-63. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M200282-JLR200
Pedersen TR. The success story of LDL cholesterol lowering. Circ Res. 2016;118:721-3. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306297
Pérez-Calahorra S, Sánchez-Hernández RM, Plana N, Valdivielso P, Civeira F. National dyslipidemia registry of the Spanish Arteriosclerosis Society: current status. Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2017;29:248-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2017.09.001
Pitso L, Mofokeng TRP, Nel R. Dyslipidaemia pattern and prevalence among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on lipid-lowering therapy at a tertiary hospital in central South Africa. BMC Endocr Disord. 2021;21:159. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00813-7
Plana N, Ibarretxe D, Cabré A, Ruiz E, Masana L. Prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia in primary care patients at moderate-very high risk of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular risk perception. Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2014;26:274-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2014.04.002
Pradhan AD, Paynter NP, Everett BM, Glynn RJ, Amarenco P, Elam M, et al. Rationale and design of the pemafibrate to reduce cardiovascular outcomes by reducing triglycerides in patients with diabetes (PROMINENT) study. Am Heart J. 2018;206:80-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2018.09.011
PR Newswire. Kowa to discontinue K-877 (pemafibrate) “PROMINENT” cardiovascular outcome study. n.d. Available from: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kowa-to-discontinue-k-877-pemafibrate-prominent-cardiovascular-outcomes-study-301520956.html
Pyorala K, Laakso M, Uusitupa M. Diabetes and atherosclerosis: an epidemiologic view. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1987;3:463-524. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmr.5610030206
Rao Kondapally Seshasai S, Kaptoge S, Thompson A, Angelantonio ED, Gao P, Sarwar N, et al. Emerging risk factors collaboration. Diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose, and risk of cause-specific death. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:829-41. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1008862
Sacks FM, Carey VJ, Fruchart JC. Combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:692-4. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1006407
Sampson UK, Fazio S, Linton MF. Residual cardiovascular risk despite optimal LDL cholesterol reduction with statins: the evidence, etiology, and therapeutic challenges. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2012;14:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-011-0219-7
Sarwar N, Danesh J, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson G, Wareham N, Bingham S, et al. Triglycerides and the risk of coronary hearth disease: 10.158 incident cases among 262.525 participants in 29 Western prospective studies. Circulation. 2007;115:450-8. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.637793
Schwartz GG, Abt MM, Bao W, DeMicco D, Kallend D, Miller M, et al. Fasting triglycerides predict recurrent ischemic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with statins. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:2267-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.544
Shepherd J, Barter P, Carmena R, Deedwania P, Fruchart JC, Haffner S, et al. Effect of lowering LDL cholesterol substantially below currently recommended levels in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes: the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1220-6. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc05-2465
Turner RC, Millns H, Neil HA, Stratton M, Manley SE, Matthews DR, et al. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 23). BMJ. 1988;316:823-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.316.7134.823
Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Fayyad R, Matthijs Boekholdt SM, Hovingh GK, Kastelein JJ, Melamed S, et al. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular events among patients receiving statin therapy in the TNT trial. Circulation. 2018;138:770-81. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032318
Vergès B. Pathophysiology of diabetic dyslipidaemia: where are we? Diabetologia. 2015;58:886-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3525-8
Ye X, Kong W, Zafar MI, Chen LL. Serum triglycerides as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18:48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-019-0851-z
Yokoyama M, Origasa H, Matsuzaki M, Matsuzawa Y, Saito Y, Ishikawa Y, et al. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis. Lancet. 2007;369:1090-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60527-3