Tackling the dysregulated immune-checkpoints in classical Hodgkin lymphoma: bidirectional regulations between the microenvironment and Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells.
Hodgkin lymphoma
LAG-3
PD-1
Treg
immune checkpoint inhibitors
microenvironment
nivolumab
pembrolizumab
Journal
Frontiers in oncology
ISSN: 2234-943X
Titre abrégé: Front Oncol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101568867
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
received:
10
04
2023
accepted:
12
05
2023
medline:
9
6
2023
pubmed:
9
6
2023
entrez:
9
6
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Immune evasion is considered one of the modern hallmarks of cancer and is a key element in the pathogenesis of classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL). This haematological cancer achieves effective avoidance of the host's immune system by overexpressing the PD-L1 and PD-L2 proteins on the surface of the neoplastic cells. Subversion of the PD-1/PD-L axis, however, is not the sole contributor to immune evasion in cHL, as the microenvironment nurtured by the Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells is a major player in the creation of a biological niche that sustains their survival and hinders immune recognition. In this review, we will discuss the physiology of the PD-1/PD-L axis and how cHL is able to exploit a plethora of different molecular mechanisms to build an immunosuppressive microenvironment and achieve optimal immune evasion. We will then discuss the success obtained by checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in treating cHL, both as single agents and as part of combination strategies, analysing the rationale for their combination with traditional chemotherapeutic compounds and the proposed mechanisms of resistance to CPI immunotherapy.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37293587
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1203470
pmc: PMC10244642
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
1203470Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023 Cellini, Scarmozzino, Angotzi, Ruggeri, Dei Tos, Trentin, Pizzi and Visentin.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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