Observation of Directed Flow of Hypernuclei _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H in sqrt[s_{NN}]=3 GeV Au+Au Collisions at RHIC.

Journal

Physical review letters
ISSN: 1079-7114
Titre abrégé: Phys Rev Lett
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401141

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
26 May 2023
Historique:
received: 30 11 2022
revised: 24 01 2023
accepted: 02 03 2023
medline: 12 6 2023
pubmed: 10 6 2023
entrez: 9 6 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

We report here the first observation of directed flow (v_{1}) of the hypernuclei _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H in mid-central Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3  GeV at RHIC. These data are taken as part of the beam energy scan program carried out by the STAR experiment. From 165×10^{6} events in 5%-40% centrality, about 8400 _{Λ}^{3}H and 5200 _{Λ}^{4}H candidates are reconstructed through two- and three-body decay channels. We observe that these hypernuclei exhibit significant directed flow. Comparing to that of light nuclei, it is found that the midrapidity v_{1} slopes of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H follow baryon number scaling, implying that the coalescence is the dominant mechanism for these hypernuclei production in the 3 GeV Au+Au collisions.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.212301 PMID: 37295104
pubmed: 37295104
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.212301
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

212301

Auteurs

B E Aboona (BE)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

J Adam (J)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

J R Adams (JR)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.

G Agakishiev (G)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

I Aggarwal (I)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

M M Aggarwal (MM)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

Z Ahammed (Z)

Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.

A Aitbaev (A)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

I Alekseev (I)

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218.
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409.

D M Anderson (DM)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

A Aparin (A)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

J Atchison (J)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699.

G S Averichev (GS)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

V Bairathi (V)

Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.

W Baker (W)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

J G Ball Cap (JG)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204.

K Barish (K)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

P Bhagat (P)

University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.

A Bhasin (A)

University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.

S Bhatta (S)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

I G Bordyuzhin (IG)

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218.

J D Brandenburg (JD)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.

A V Brandin (AV)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409.

X Z Cai (XZ)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

H Caines (H)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

M Calderón de la Barca Sánchez (M)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

D Cebra (D)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

J Ceska (J)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

I Chakaberia (I)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

B K Chan (BK)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

Z Chang (Z)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

D Chen (D)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

J Chen (J)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

J H Chen (JH)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

Z Chen (Z)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

J Cheng (J)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

Y Cheng (Y)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

S Choudhury (S)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

W Christie (W)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

X Chu (X)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

H J Crawford (HJ)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

G Dale-Gau (G)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

A Das (A)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

M Daugherity (M)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699.

T G Dedovich (TG)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

I M Deppner (IM)

University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

A A Derevschikov (AA)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281.

A Dhamija (A)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

L Di Carlo (L)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

L Didenko (L)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

P Dixit (P)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India.

X Dong (X)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

J L Drachenberg (JL)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699.

E Duckworth (E)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

J C Dunlop (JC)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

J Engelage (J)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

G Eppley (G)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

S Esumi (S)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

O Evdokimov (O)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

A Ewigleben (A)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

R Fatemi (R)

University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055.

S Fazio (S)

University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Italy.

C J Feng (CJ)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101.

Y Feng (Y)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

E Finch (E)

Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515.

Y Fisyak (Y)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

F A Flor (FA)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

C Fu (C)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

F Geurts (F)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

N Ghimire (N)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

A Gibson (A)

Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383.

K Gopal (K)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.

X Gou (X)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

D Grosnick (D)

Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383.

A Gupta (A)

University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.

A Hamed (A)

American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt.

Y Han (Y)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

M D Harasty (MD)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

J W Harris (JW)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

H Harrison (H)

University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055.

W He (W)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

X H He (XH)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

Y He (Y)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

C Hu (C)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

Q Hu (Q)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

Y Hu (Y)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

H Huang (H)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101.

H Z Huang (HZ)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

S L Huang (SL)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

T Huang (T)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

X Huang (X)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

Y Huang (Y)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

Y Huang (Y)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

T J Humanic (TJ)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.

D Isenhower (D)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699.

M Isshiki (M)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

W W Jacobs (WW)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

A Jalotra (A)

University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.

C Jena (C)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.

Y Ji (Y)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

J Jia (J)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

C Jin (C)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

X Ju (X)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

E G Judd (EG)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

S Kabana (S)

Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.

M L Kabir (ML)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

D Kalinkin (D)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055.

K Kang (K)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

D Kapukchyan (D)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

K Kauder (K)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

H W Ke (HW)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

D Keane (D)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

A Kechechyan (A)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

M Kelsey (M)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

B Kimelman (B)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

A Kiselev (A)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

A G Knospe (AG)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

H S Ko (HS)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

L Kochenda (L)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409.

A A Korobitsin (AA)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

P Kravtsov (P)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409.

L Kumar (L)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

S Kumar (S)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

R Kunnawalkam Elayavalli (R)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

R Lacey (R)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

J M Landgraf (JM)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

A Lebedev (A)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

R Lednicky (R)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

J H Lee (JH)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

Y H Leung (YH)

University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

N Lewis (N)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

C Li (C)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

C Li (C)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

W Li (W)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

X Li (X)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

Y Li (Y)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

Y Li (Y)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

Z Li (Z)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

X Liang (X)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

Y Liang (Y)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

T Lin (T)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

C Liu (C)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

F Liu (F)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

H Liu (H)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

H Liu (H)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

L Liu (L)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

T Liu (T)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

X Liu (X)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.

Y Liu (Y)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

Z Liu (Z)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

T Ljubicic (T)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

W J Llope (WJ)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

O Lomicky (O)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

R S Longacre (RS)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

E Loyd (E)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

T Lu (T)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

N S Lukow (NS)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

X F Luo (XF)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

V B Luong (VB)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

L Ma (L)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

R Ma (R)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

Y G Ma (YG)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

N Magdy (N)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

D Mallick (D)

National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.

S Margetis (S)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

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Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.

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Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

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Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

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NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281.

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National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.

I Mooney (I)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

D A Morozov (DA)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281.

A Mudrokh (A)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

M I Nagy (MI)

ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117.

A S Nain (AS)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

J D Nam (JD)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

Md Nasim (M)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India.

D Neff (D)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

J M Nelson (JM)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

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Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

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Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

G Nigmatkulov (G)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409.

T Niida (T)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

R Nishitani (R)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

L V Nogach (LV)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281.

T Nonaka (T)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

A S Nunes (AS)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

G Odyniec (G)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

A Ogawa (A)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

S Oh (S)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

V A Okorokov (VA)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409.

K Okubo (K)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

B S Page (BS)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

R Pak (R)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

J Pan (J)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

A Pandav (A)

National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.

A K Pandey (AK)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

Y Panebratsev (Y)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

T Pani (T)

Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.

P Parfenov (P)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409.

A Paul (A)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

C Perkins (C)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

B R Pokhrel (BR)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

M Posik (M)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

T Protzman (T)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

N K Pruthi (NK)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

J Putschke (J)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

Z Qin (Z)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

H Qiu (H)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

A Quintero (A)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

C Racz (C)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

S K Radhakrishnan (SK)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

N Raha (N)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

R L Ray (RL)

University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712.

H G Ritter (HG)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

C W Robertson (CW)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

O V Rogachevsky (OV)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

M A Rosales Aguilar (MA)

University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055.

D Roy (D)

Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.

L Ruan (L)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

A K Sahoo (AK)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India.

N R Sahoo (NR)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

H Sako (H)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

S Salur (S)

Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.

E Samigullin (E)

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218.

S Sato (S)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

W B Schmidke (WB)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

N Schmitz (N)

Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany.

J Seger (J)

Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178.

R Seto (R)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

P Seyboth (P)

Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany.

N Shah (N)

Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India.

E Shahaliev (E)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

P V Shanmuganathan (PV)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

M Shao (M)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

T Shao (T)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

M Sharma (M)

University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.

N Sharma (N)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India.

R Sharma (R)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.

S R Sharma (SR)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.

A I Sheikh (AI)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

D Y Shen (DY)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

K Shen (K)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

S S Shi (SS)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

Y Shi (Y)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

Q Y Shou (QY)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

F Si (F)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

J Singh (J)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

S Singha (S)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

P Sinha (P)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.

M J Skoby (MJ)

Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306.
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

Y Söhngen (Y)

University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

Y Song (Y)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

B Srivastava (B)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

T D S Stanislaus (TDS)

Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383.

D J Stewart (DJ)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

M Strikhanov (M)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409.

B Stringfellow (B)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

Y Su (Y)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

C Sun (C)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

X Sun (X)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

Y Sun (Y)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

Y Sun (Y)

Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000.

B Surrow (B)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

D N Svirida (DN)

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218.

Z W Sweger (ZW)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

A Tamis (A)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

A H Tang (AH)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

Z Tang (Z)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

A Taranenko (A)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409.

T Tarnowsky (T)

Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.

J H Thomas (JH)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

D Tlusty (D)

Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178.

T Todoroki (T)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

M V Tokarev (MV)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

C A Tomkiel (CA)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

S Trentalange (S)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

R E Tribble (RE)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

P Tribedy (P)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

O D Tsai (OD)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

C Y Tsang (CY)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

Z Tu (Z)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

T Ullrich (T)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

D G Underwood (DG)

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439.
Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383.

I Upsal (I)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

G Van Buren (G)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

A N Vasiliev (AN)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409.
NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281.

V Verkest (V)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

F Videbæk (F)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

S Vokal (S)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980.

S A Voloshin (SA)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

F Wang (F)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

G Wang (G)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

J S Wang (JS)

Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000.

X Wang (X)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

Y Wang (Y)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

Y Wang (Y)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

Y Wang (Y)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

Z Wang (Z)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

J C Webb (JC)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

P C Weidenkaff (PC)

University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

G D Westfall (GD)

Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.

H Wieman (H)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

G Wilks (G)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

S W Wissink (SW)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

J Wu (J)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

J Wu (J)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

X Wu (X)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

Y Wu (Y)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

B Xi (B)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

Z G Xiao (ZG)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

W Xie (W)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

H Xu (H)

Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000.

N Xu (N)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

Q H Xu (QH)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

Y Xu (Y)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

Y Xu (Y)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

Z Xu (Z)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

Z Xu (Z)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

G Yan (G)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

Z Yan (Z)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

C Yang (C)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

Q Yang (Q)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

S Yang (S)

South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631.

Y Yang (Y)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101.

Z Ye (Z)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

Z Ye (Z)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

L Yi (L)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

K Yip (K)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

Y Yu (Y)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

W Zha (W)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

C Zhang (C)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

D Zhang (D)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

J Zhang (J)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

S Zhang (S)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

X Zhang (X)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

Y Zhang (Y)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

Y Zhang (Y)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

Y Zhang (Y)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

Z J Zhang (ZJ)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101.

Z Zhang (Z)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

Z Zhang (Z)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

F Zhao (F)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

J Zhao (J)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

M Zhao (M)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

C Zhou (C)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

J Zhou (J)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

S Zhou (S)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

Y Zhou (Y)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

X Zhu (X)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

M Zurek (M)

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439.

M Zyzak (M)

Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.

Classifications MeSH