Integrating BLUP, AMMI, and GGE Models to Explore GE Interactions for Adaptability and Stability of Winter Lentils (

Lentil yield is a complicated quantitative trait; it is significantly influenced by the environment. It is crucial for improving human health and nutritional security in the country as well as for a sustainable agricultural system. The study was laid out to determine the stable genotype through the collaboration of G × E by AMMI and GGE biplot and to identify the superior genotypes using 33 parametric and non-parametric stability statistics of 10 genotypes across four different conditions. The total G × E effect was divided into two primary components by the AMMI model. For days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, pods per plant, and hundred seed weight, IPCA1 was significant and accounted for 83%, 75%, 100%, and 62%, respectively. Both IPCA1 and IPCA2 were non-significant for yield per plant and accounted for 62% of the overall G × E interaction. An estimated set of eight stability parameters showed strong positive correlations with mean seed yield, and these measurements can be utilized to choose stable genotypes. The productivity of lentils has varied greatly in the environment, ranging from 786 kg per ha in the MYM environment to 1658 kg per ha in the ISD environment, according to the AMMI biplot. Three genotypes (G8, G7, and G2) were shown to be the most stable based on non-parametric stability scores for grain yield. G8, G7, G2, and G5 were determined as the top lentil genotypes based on grain production using numerical stability metrics such as Francis's coefficient of variation, Shukla stability value (σi