Effective strategies for adequate control of hormonal secretion in functioning neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a unique form of malignancies as they can be accompanied by specific functioning hormonal syndromes that can impair survival and quality of life in patients. Functioning syndromes are defined by the combination of specific clinical signs and symptoms in combination with inappropriately elevated circulating levels of hormones. Clinicians should remain vigilant for the presence of functioning syndromes in neuroendocrine neoplasm patients at presentation as well as during follow-up. The correct diagnostic work-up should be initiated in cases of clinical suspicion of a neuroendocrine neoplasm-associated functioning syndrome. Management of a functional syndrome includes options from supportive, surgical, hormonal and antiproliferative treatment modalities. Here, we review the patient and tumour characteristics for each functioning syndrome that should be taken into account when deciding the optimum treatment strategy in neuroendocrine neoplasm patients.

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Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of Competing Interest JH has received speaker or consultancy fees from Novartis, Ipsen and Serb. WWH has received travel or speaker fees from Novartis, Ipsen and Advanced Accelerator Applications, research funds from Ipsen and is on the Advisory Boards of Novartis and of Ipsen.