Early presence of Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia by 86-68 kyr at Tam Pà Ling, Northern Laos.
Journal
Nature communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
Titre abrégé: Nat Commun
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101528555
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
13 06 2023
13 06 2023
Historique:
received:
23
12
2022
accepted:
12
05
2023
medline:
15
6
2023
pubmed:
14
6
2023
entrez:
13
6
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The timing of the first arrival of Homo sapiens in East Asia from Africa and the degree to which they interbred with or replaced local archaic populations is controversial. Previous discoveries from Tam Pà Ling cave (Laos) identified H. sapiens in Southeast Asia by at least 46 kyr. We report on a recently discovered frontal bone (TPL 6) and tibial fragment (TPL 7) found in the deepest layers of TPL. Bayesian modeling of luminescence dating of sediments and U-series and combined U-series-ESR dating of mammalian teeth reveals a depositional sequence spanning ~86 kyr. TPL 6 confirms the presence of H. sapiens by 70 ± 3 kyr, and TPL 7 extends this range to 77 ± 9 kyr, supporting an early dispersal of H. sapiens into Southeast Asia. Geometric morphometric analyses of TPL 6 suggest descent from a gracile immigrant population rather than evolution from or admixture with local archaic populations.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37311788
doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38715-y
pii: 10.1038/s41467-023-38715-y
pmc: PMC10264382
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3193Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
Références
Mallick, S. et al. The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations. Nature 538, 201–206 (2016).
pubmed: 27654912
pmcid: 5161557
Hublin, J. J. et al. New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens. Nature 546, 289–292 (2017).
pubmed: 28593953
Groucutt, H. S. et al. Rethinking the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa. Evol. Anthropol. 24, 149–164 (2015).
pubmed: 26267436
pmcid: 6715448
Bae, C. J., Douka, K. & Petraglia, M. D. On the origin of modern humans: Asian perspectives. Science 358, eaai9067 (2017).
Reyes-Centeno, H. Out of Africa and into Asia: fossil and genetic evidence on modern human origins and dispersals. Quat. Int. 416, 249–262 (2016).
Hublin, J.-J. How old are the oldest Homo sapiens in Far East Asia? Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2101173118 (2021).
pubmed: 33602727
pmcid: 7958237
Posth, C. et al. Pleistocene mitochondrial genomes suggest a single major dispersal of non-Africans and a late glacial population turnover in Europe. Curr. Biol. 26, 827–833 (2016).
pubmed: 26853362
Fu, Q. et al. A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes. Curr. Biol. 23, 553–559 (2013).
pubmed: 23523248
pmcid: 5036973
Pagani, L. et al. Genomic analyses inform on migration events during the peopling of Eurasia. Nature 538, 238–242 (2016).
pubmed: 27654910
pmcid: 5164938
Reyes-Centeno, H. et al. Genomic and cranial phenotype data support multiple modern human dispersals from Africa and a southern route into Asia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 7248–7253 (2014).
pubmed: 24753576
pmcid: 4034217
Rasmussen, M. et al. An Aboriginal Australian genome reveals separate human dispersals into Asia. Science 334, 94–98 (2011).
pubmed: 21940856
pmcid: 3991479
Tassi, F. et al. Early modern human dispersal from Africa: genomic evidence for multiple waves of migration. Investig. Genet. 6, 13 (2015).
pubmed: 26550467
pmcid: 4636834
Bergstrom, A., Stringer, C., Hajdinjak, M., Scerri, E. M. L. & Skoglund, P. Origins of modern human ancestry. Nature 590, 229–237 (2021).
pubmed: 33568824
Sikora, M. A genomic view of the Pleistocene population history of Asia. Curr. Anthropol. 58, S397–S405 (2017).
Malaspinas, A. S. et al. A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia. Nature 538, 207–214 (2016).
pubmed: 27654914
Mondal, M. et al. Genomic analysis of Andamanese provides insights into ancient human migration into Asia and adaptation. Nat. Genet 48, 1066–1070 (2016).
pubmed: 27455350
Fu, Q. et al. DNA analysis of an early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, China. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 2223–2227 (2013).
pubmed: 23341637
pmcid: 3568306
Lipson, M. & Reich, D. A working model of the deep relationships of diverse modern human genetic lineages outside of Africa. Mol. Biol. Evol. 34, 889–902 (2017).
pubmed: 28074030
pmcid: 5400393
Harvati, K. et al. Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia. Nature 571, 500–504 (2019).
pubmed: 31292546
Hershkovitz, I. et al. The earliest modern humans outside Africa. Science 359, 456–459 (2018).
pubmed: 29371468
Groucutt, H. S. et al. Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2, 800–809 (2018).
pubmed: 29632352
pmcid: 5935238
Liu, W. et al. The earliest unequivocally modern humans in southern China. Nature 526, 696–699 (2015).
pubmed: 26466566
Martinón-Torres, M., Wu, X., Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., Xing, S. & Liu, W. Homo sapiens in the Eastern Asian Late Pleistocene. Curr. Anthropol. 58, S434–S448 (2017).
Liu, W., Wu, X., Pei, S., Wu, X. & Norton, C. J. Huanglong Cave: a late Pleistocene human fossil site in Hubei Province, China. Quat. Int. 211, 29–41 (2010).
Shen, G. et al. Mass spectrometric U-series dating of Huanglong Cave in Hubei Province, Central China: evidence for early presence of modern humans in Eastern Asia. J. Hum. Evol. 65, 162–167 (2013).
pubmed: 23870460
Bae, C. J. et al. Modern human teeth from Late Pleistocene Luna Cave (Guangxi, China). Quat. Int. 354, 169–183 (2014).
Liu, W. et al. Human remains from Zhirendong, South China, and modern human emergence in East Asia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 19201–19206 (2010).
pubmed: 20974952
pmcid: 2984215
Cai, Y. et al. The age of human remains and associated fauna from Zhiren Cave in Guangxi, southern China. Quat. Int. 434, 84–91 (2017).
Ge, J. et al. Climate-influenced cave deposition and human occupation during the Pleistocene in Zhiren Cave, southwest China. Quat. Int. 559, 14–23 (2020).
Sun, X.-f et al. Ancient DNA and multimethod dating confirm the late arrival of anatomically modern humans in southern China. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2019158118 (2021).
pubmed: 33558418
pmcid: 7923607
Higham, T. F. G. & Douka, K. The reliability of late radiocarbon dates from the Paleolithic of southern China. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2103798118 (2021).
Martinon-Torres, M. et al. On the misidentification and unreliable context of the new “human teeth” from Fuyan Cave (China). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2102961118. (2021).
Shen, G. et al. U-Series dating of Liujiang hominid site in Guangxi, Southern China. J. Hum. Evol. 43, 817–829 (2002).
pubmed: 12473485
Wu, X. & Poirier, F. E. Human Evolution in China (Oxford University Press, 1995).
Westaway, K. E. et al. An early modern human presence in Sumatra 73,000–63,000 years ago. Nature 548, 322–325 (2017).
pubmed: 28792933
Demeter, F. et al. Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 14375–14380 (2012).
pubmed: 22908291
pmcid: 3437904
Shackelford, L. et al. Additional evidence for early modern human morphological diversity in Southeast Asia at Tam Pà Ling, Laos. Quat. Int. 466, 93–106 (2018).
Clarkson, C. et al. Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago. Nature 547, 306–310 (2017).
pubmed: 28726833
Demeter, F. et al. Early modern humans and morphological variation in Southeast Asia: fossil evidence from Tam Pà Ling, Laos. PLoS ONE 10, e0121193 (2015).
pubmed: 25849125
pmcid: 4388508
Demeter, F. et al. Early modern humans from Tam Pà Ling, Laos: fossil review and perspectives. Curr. Anthropol. 58, S527–S538 (2017).
Sambridge, M., Grün, R. & Eggins, S. U-series dating of bone in an open system: the diffusion-adsorption-decay model. Quat. Geochronol. 9, 42–53 (2012).
Grün, R., Eggins, S., Kinsley, L., Moseley, H. & Sambridge, M. Laser ablation U-series analysis of fossil bones and teeth. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 416, 150–167 (2014).
Joannes-Boyau, R. Detailed protocol for an accurate non-destructive direct dating of tooth enamel fragment using Electron Spin Resonance. Geochronometria 40, 322–333 (2013).
Behrensmeyer, A. K. Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering. Paleobiology 4, 150–162 (1978).
Lyman, R. L. & Fox, G. L. A critical evaluation of bone weathering as an indication of bone assemblage formation. J. Archaeol. Sci. 16, 293–317 (1989).
Zimmerman, D. W. Thermoluminescent dating using fine grains from pottery. Archaeometry 13, 29–52 (1971).
Aitken, M. J. Thermoluminescence Dating (Academic Press, 1985).
Fu, Q. et al. An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor. Nature 524, 216–219 (2015).
pubmed: 26098372
pmcid: 4537386
Fu, Q. et al. Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia. Nature 514, 445–449 (2014).
pubmed: 25341783
pmcid: 4753769
Fu, Q. et al. The genetic history of Ice Age Europe. Nature 534, 200–205 (2016).
pubmed: 27135931
pmcid: 4943878
Hajdinjak, M. et al. Initial upper Palaeolithic humans in Europe had recent Neanderthal ancestry. Nature 592, 253–257 (2021).
pubmed: 33828320
pmcid: 8026394
Seguin-Orlando, A. et al. Genomic structure in Europeans dating back at least 36,200 years. Science 346, 1113–1118 (2014).
pubmed: 25378462
Yang, M. A. et al. 40,000-year-old individual from Asia provides insight into early population structure in Eurasia. Curr. Biol. 27, 3202–3208.e3209 (2017).
pubmed: 29033327
pmcid: 6592271
Lipson, M. et al. Ancient genomes document multiple waves of migration in Southeast Asian prehistory. Science 361, 92–95 (2018).
pubmed: 29773666
pmcid: 6476732
McColl, H. et al. The prehistoric peopling of Southeast Asia. Science 361, 88–92 (2018).
pubmed: 29976827
Weidenreich, F. On the earliest representatives of modern mankind recovered on the soil of East Asia. Pek. Nat. Hist. Bul. 13, 161–174 (1938–1939).
Cunningham, D. L. & Wescott, D. J. Within-group human variation in the Asian Pleistocene: the three upper Cave crania. J. Hum. Evol. 42, 627–638 (2002).
pubmed: 11969300
Kobayashi, H., Hirose, T., Sugino, M. & Watanabe, N. University of Tokyo radiocarbon measurements V. Radiocarbon 16, 381–387 (1974).
Kaifu, Y. & Fujita, M. Fossil record of early modern humans in East Asia. Quat. Int. 248, 2–11 (2012).
Matsu’Ura, S. & Kondo, M. Relative chronology of the Minatogawa and the Upper Minatogawa series of human remains from Okinawa Island, Japan. Anthropol; Sci. 119, 173–182 (2011).
Suwa, G. et al. New insights on the excavation and chronological status of the Late Pleistocene Minatogawa human fossils from Okinawa Prefecture. Anthropological Sci. 119, 125–136 (2011).
Kaifu, Y., Fujita, M., Kono, R. T. & Baba, H. Late Pleistocene modern human mandibles from the Minatogawa Fissure site, Okinawa, Japan: morphological affinities and implications for modern human dispersals in East Asia. Anthropol. Sci. 119, 137–157 (2011).
Baba, H. & Narasaki, S. Minatogawa man, the oldest type of modern Homo sapiens in East Asia. Quat. Res. 30, 221–230 (1991).
Baba, H., Narasaki, S. & Ohyama, S. Minatogawa hominid fossils and the evolution of Late Pleistocene humans in East Asia. Anthropol. Sci. 106, 27–45 (1998).
Bergmann, I., Hublin, J.-J., Gunz, P. & Freidline, S. E. How did modern morphology evolve in the human mandible? The relationship between static adult allometry and mandibular variability in Homo sapiens. J. Hum. Evol. 157, 103026 (2021).
pubmed: 34214909
Dobson, S. D. & Trinkaus, E. Cross-sectional geometry and morphology of the mandibular symphysis in Middle and Late Pleistocene Homo. J. Hum. Evol. 43, 67–87 (2002).
pubmed: 12098211
Morwood, M. J. et al. Further evidence for small-bodied hominins from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia. Nature 437, 1012–1017 (2005).
pubmed: 16229067
Chen, F. et al. A late Middle Pleistocene Denisovan mandible from the Tibetan Plateau. Nature 569, 409–412 (2019).
Ni, X. et al. Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage. Innovation 2, 100130 (2021).
pubmed: 34557770
pmcid: 8454562
Bergmann, I. et al. The relevance of late MSA mandibles on the emergence of modern morphology in Northern Africa. Sci. Rep. 12, 8841 (2022).
pubmed: 35614148
pmcid: 9133045
Shackelford, L. & Demeter, F. The place of Tam Hang in Southeast Asian human evolution. Comptes Rendus Palevol. 11, 97–115 (2012).
Klein-Nulend, J. & Bonewald, L. F. In Principles of Bone Biology (Fourth Edition) (eds Bilezikian, J. P., John Martin, T., Clemens, T. L. & Rosen, C. J.) 133–162 (Academic Press, 2020).
Milano, S. et al. Environmental conditions framing the first evidence of modern humans at Tam Pà Ling, Laos: a stable isotope record from terrestrial gastropod carbonates. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 511, 352–363 (2018).
Maher, B. A. Magnetic properties of modern soils and Quaternary loessic paleosols: paleoclimatic implications. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 137, 25–54 (1998).
Bourgon, N. et al. Trophic ecology of a Late Pleistocene early modern human from tropical Southeast Asia inferred from zinc isotopes. J. Hum. Evol. 161, 103075 (2021).
pubmed: 34655947
Bacon, A. M. et al. A multi-proxy approach to exploring Homo sapiens’ arrival, environments and adaptations in Southeast Asia. Sci. Rep. 11, 21080 (2021).
pubmed: 34702921
pmcid: 8548499
Dizon, E. et al. Notes on the morphology and age of the Tabon Cave Fossil Homo sapiens. Curr. Anthropol. 43, 660–666 (2002).
Détroit, F. et al. Upper Pleistocene Homo sapiens from the Tabon cave (Palawan, The Philippines): description and dating of new discoveries. Comptes Rendus Palevol. 3, 705–712 (2004).
Stringer, C. B. Reconstructing recent human evolution. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 337, 217–224 (1992).
pubmed: 1357696
Harvati, K. Into Eurasia: a geometric morphometric re-assessment of the Upper Cave (Zhoukoudian) specimens. J. Hum. Evol. 57, 751–762 (2009).
pubmed: 19863997
Lahr, M. M. Patterns of modern human diversification: Implications for Amerindian origins. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 38, 163–198 (1995).
Demeter, F. et al. A Middle Pleistocene Denisovan molar from the Annamite Chain of northern Laos. Nat. Commun. 13, 2557 (2022).
pubmed: 35581187
pmcid: 9114389
Rizal, Y. et al. Last appearance of Homo erectus at Ngandong, Java, 117,000–108,000 years ago. Nature 577, 381–385 (2020).
pubmed: 31853068
Detroit, F. et al. A new species of Homo from the Late Pleistocene of the Philippines. Nature 568, 181–186 (2019).
pubmed: 30971845
Aitken, M. J. An Introduction to Optical Dating: The Dating of Quaternary Sediments by the Use of Photon-stimulated Luminescence (Oxford University Press, 1998).
Lamothe, M., Auclair, M., Hamzaoui, C. & Huot, S. Towards a prediction of long-term anomalous fading of feldspar IRSL. Radiat. Meas. 37, 493–498 (2003).
Mejdahl, V. Thermoluminescence dating: beta-dose attenuation in quartz grains. Archaeometry 21, 61–72 (1979).
Prescott, J. R. & Hutton, J. T. Cosmic ray contributions to dose rates for luminescence and ESR dating: large depths and long-term time variations. Radiat. Meas. 23, 497–500 (1994).
Guérin, G., Mercier, N. & Adamiec, G. Dose-rate conversion factors: update. Anc. TL 29, 5–8 (2011).
Huntley, D. J. & Baril, M. R. The K content of the K-feldspars being measured in optical dating or in thermoluminescence dating. Anc. TL 15, 11–13 (1997).
Huntley, D. J. & Hancock, R. The Rb contents of the K-feldspar grains being measured in optical dating. Anc. Tl 19, 43–46 (2001).
Schmidt, C., Bösken, J. & Kolb, T. Is there a common alpha-efficiency in polymineral samples measured by various infrared stimulated luminescence protocols? Geochronometria 45, 160–172 (2018).
Vermeesch, P. IsoplotR: a free and open toolbox for geochronology. Geosci. Front. 9, 1479–1493 (2018).
Dosseto, A. & Marwick, B. UThwigl—An R package for closed- and open-system uranium–thorium dating. Quat. Geochronol. 67, 101235 (2022).
Woodroffe, C. D., Short, S. A., Stoddart, D. R., Spencer, T. & Harmon, R. S. Stratigraphy and chronology of late Pleistocene reefs in the Southern Cook Islands, south Pacific. Quat. Res. 35, 246–263 (1991).
Pan, T.-Y., Murray-Wallace, C. V., Dosseto, A. & Bourman, R. P. The last interglacial (MIS 5e) sea level highstand from a tectonically stable far-field setting, Yorke Peninsula, southern Australia. Mar. Geol. 398, 126–136 (2018).
Eggins, S., Grün, R., Pike, A. W. G., Shelley, M. & Taylor, L. 238U, 232Th profiling and U-series isotope analysis of fossil teeth by laser ablation-ICPMS. Quat. Sci. Rev. 22, 1373–1382 (2003).
Grün, R., Aubert, M., Joannes-Boyau, R. & Moncel, M.-H. High resolution analysis of uranium and thorium concentration as well as U-series isotope distributions in a Neanderthal tooth from Payre (Ardèche, France) using laser ablation ICP-MS. Geochimica et. Cosmochimica Acta 72, 5278–5290 (2008).
Joannes-Boyau, R. & Grün, R. A comprehensive model for CO
Joannes-Boyau, R. & Grün, R. Thermal behavior of orientated and non-orientated CO
Joannes-Boyau, R., Duval, M. & Bodin, T. MCDoseE 2.0 a new Markov Chain Monte Carlo program for ESR dose response curve fitting and dose evaluation. Quat. Geochronol. 44, 13–22 (2018).
Duval, M. & Grün, R. Are published ESR dose assessments on fossil tooth enamel reliable? Quat. Geochronol. 31, 19–27 (2016).
Shao, Q., Bahain, J.-J., Dolo, J.-M. & Falguères, C. Monte Carlo approach to calculate US-ESR age and age uncertainty for tooth enamel. Quat. Geochronol. 22, 99–106 (2014).
Bronk Ramsey, C. Radiocarbon calibration and analysis of stratigraphy: the OxCal program. Radiocarbon 37, 425–430 (1995).
Freidline, S. E., Gunz, P., Harvati, K. & Hublin, J.-J. Middle Pleistocene human facial morphology in an evolutionary and developmental context. J. Hum. Evol. 63, 723–740 (2012).
pubmed: 22981042
Freidline, S. E., Gunz, P., Harvati, K. & Hublin, J.-J. Evaluating developmental shape changes in Homo antecessor subadult facial morphology. J. Hum. Evol. 65, 404–423 (2013).
pubmed: 23998458
Freidline, S. E., Gunz, P., Janković, I., Harvati, K. & Hublin, J. J. A comprehensive morphometric analysis of the frontal and zygomatic bone of the Zuttiyeh fossil from Israel. J. Hum. Evol. 62, 225–241 (2012).
pubmed: 22176924
Wiley, D. F. et al. Evolutionary morphing. In Proceedings of IEEE Visualizations (IEEE, 2005).
Team, R. C. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. https://www.R-project.org/ (2021).
Schlager, S. In Statistical Shape and Deformation Analysis (eds Li, S., Zheng, G. & Szekely, G.) 217–256 (Academic Press, 2017).
Adams, D., Collyer, M., Kaliontzopoulou, A. & Baken, E. Geomorph: Software for geometric morphometric analyses. R package version 4.0.2 https://cran.r-project.org/package=geomorph (2021).
Baken, E. K., Collyer, M. L., Kaliontzopoulou, A. & Adams, D. C. geomorph v4.0 and gmShiny: enhanced analytics and a new graphical interface for a comprehensive morphometric experience. Methods Ecol. Evol. 12, 2355–2363 (2021).
Gunz, P., Mitteroecker, P., Neubauer, S., Weber, G. W. & Bookstein, F. L. Principles for the virtual reconstruction of hominin crania. J. Hum. Evol. 57, 48–62 (2009).
pubmed: 19482335
Gunz, P., Mitteroecker, P. & Bookstein, F. In Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology (ed. Slice, D. E.) 73–98 (Plenum Publishers, 2005).
Gunz, P. & Mitteroecker, P. Semilandmarks: a method for quantifying curves and surfaces. Hystrix Ital. J. Mammal. 24, 103–109 (2013).
Rohlf, F. J. & Slice, D. Extensions of the Procrustes method for the optimal superimposition of landmarks. Syst. Biol. 39, 40–59 (1990).
Freidline, S. E., Gunz, P. & Hublin, J.-J. Ontogenetic and static allometry in the human face: contrasting Khoisan and Inuit. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 158, 116–131 (2015).
pubmed: 26146938