Nail analysis for the assessment of caffeine abuse in Northwest China: A population-based study.
abused drug
alternative matrix
caffeine
forensic toxicology
nail analysis
poly-drug uses
ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and UPLC-MS/MS
Journal
Journal of forensic sciences
ISSN: 1556-4029
Titre abrégé: J Forensic Sci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0375370
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jul 2023
Jul 2023
Historique:
revised:
31
05
2023
received:
03
04
2023
accepted:
02
06
2023
medline:
4
7
2023
pubmed:
14
6
2023
entrez:
14
6
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive agent worldwide and has the potential for abuse, but studies monitoring caffeine abuse in China are scarce. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of caffeine abuse in northwest China and investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Fingernail clippings were collected from 376 participants in northwest China to detect caffeine and 13 other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Paired hair and nail samples were collected from 39 participants to investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails. The samples were decontaminated, pulverized, and extracted by a high-throughput nail sample preparation method and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed a risk of caffeine abuse in northwest China, with concentrations ranging from 0.43 to 10.6 ng/mg for healthy volunteers, 0.49-246 ng/mg for caffeine abusers, and 0.25-363 ng/mg for drug addicts in community rehabilitation centers. Caffeine was detected together with other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Furthermore, positive detection correlations were found between hair and nail samples. This study provides a current perspective on caffeine abuse in northwest China and demonstrates the practical use of UPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous detection of caffeine and 13 illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites in hair and nails. The results highlight the potential of nails as a supplementary matrix when hair samples are unavailable and emphasize the need for handling caffeine carefully given its potential for abuse.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37312428
doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.15311
doi:
Substances chimiques
Caffeine
3G6A5W338E
Illicit Drugs
0
Psychotropic Drugs
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1277-1285Subventions
Organisme : Fundamental Research Funds for the Science and Technology of the Ministry of Public Security
ID : 2020GABJC22
Organisme : Fundamental Research Funds for the Science and Technology of the Ministry of Public Security
ID : 2020GABJC23
Organisme : National Natural Science Foundation of China
ID : 81872833
Informations de copyright
© 2023 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.
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