The effects of hydrocortisone and yohimbine on human behavior in approach-avoidance conflicts.
Approach behavior
Avoidance behavior
Cortisol
Estrogen
Humans
Hydrocortisone
Noradrenaline
Testosterone
Yohimbine
Journal
Psychopharmacology
ISSN: 1432-2072
Titre abrégé: Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 7608025
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2023
Aug 2023
Historique:
received:
21
10
2022
accepted:
31
05
2023
medline:
17
7
2023
pubmed:
14
6
2023
entrez:
14
6
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Balancing approach of positive and avoidance of negative stimuli is essential when faced with approach-avoidance conflicts, e.g., situations with both positive and negative outcomes. This balance is disturbed in several mental disorders, e.g., excessive avoidance in anxiety disorders, and heightened approach in substance use disorders. Since stress is assumed to impact these disorders' etiology and maintenance, it seems crucial to understand how stress influences behavior in approach-avoidance conflicts. Indeed, some studies suggested altered approach-avoidance behavior under acute stress, but the mechanism underlying these effects is unknown. Investigate how the pharmacological manipulation of major stress mediators (cortisol and noradrenaline) influences task-based approach-avoidance conflict behavior in healthy individuals. Ninety-six participants (48 women, 48 men) received either 20mg hydrocortisone, 20mg yohimbine, both, or placebo before performing a task targeting foraging under predation in a fully crossed double-blind between-subject design. Moreover, we investigated effects of gender and endogenous testosterone and estradiol levels on approach-avoidance behavior. While biological stress markers (cortisol concentration, alpha amylase activity) indicated successful pharmacological manipulation, behavior in approach-avoidance conflicts was not affected as expected. Although yohimbine administration affected risky foraging latency under predation, we found no main effect of hydrocortisone or their interaction on behavior. In contrast, we found gender differences for almost all behavioral outcome measures, which might be explained by differences in endogenous testosterone levels. The investigated major stress mediators were not sufficient to imitate previously shown stress effects on approach-avoidance conflict behavior. We discuss potential reasons for our findings and implications for future research.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37314480
doi: 10.1007/s00213-023-06396-6
pii: 10.1007/s00213-023-06396-6
pmc: PMC10265560
doi:
Substances chimiques
Hydrocortisone
WI4X0X7BPJ
Yohimbine
2Y49VWD90Q
Testosterone
3XMK78S47O
Types de publication
Randomized Controlled Trial
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1705-1717Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
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