Not so smart? "Smart" drugs increase the level but decrease the quality of cognitive effort.
Journal
Science advances
ISSN: 2375-2548
Titre abrégé: Sci Adv
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101653440
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 06 2023
16 06 2023
Historique:
medline:
16
6
2023
pubmed:
14
6
2023
entrez:
14
6
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The efficacy of pharmaceutical cognitive enhancers in everyday complex tasks remains to be established. Using the knapsack optimization problem as a stylized representation of difficulty in tasks encountered in daily life, we discover that methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil cause knapsack value attained in the task to diminish significantly compared to placebo, even if the chance of finding the optimal solution (~50%) is not reduced significantly. Effort (decision time and number of steps taken to find a solution) increases significantly, but productivity (quality of effort) decreases significantly. At the same time, productivity differences across participants decrease, even reverse, to the extent that above-average performers end up below average and vice versa. The latter can be attributed to increased randomness of solution strategies. Our findings suggest that "smart drugs" increase motivation, but a reduction in quality of effort, crucial to solve complex problems, annuls this effect.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37315143
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.add4165
pmc: PMC10266726
doi:
Substances chimiques
Methylphenidate
207ZZ9QZ49
Modafinil
R3UK8X3U3D
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
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