Intradermal skin test with mRNA vaccines as a surrogate marker of T cell immunity in immunocompromised patients.
COVID
Immunosuppression
SARS-CoV-2
Skin
T cells
Vaccine
Journal
The Journal of infection
ISSN: 1532-2742
Titre abrégé: J Infect
Pays: England
ID NLM: 7908424
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 2023
08 2023
Historique:
received:
02
04
2023
revised:
04
06
2023
accepted:
06
06
2023
medline:
14
7
2023
pubmed:
16
6
2023
entrez:
15
6
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Intradermal skin test (IDT) with mRNA vaccines may represent a simple, reliable, and affordable tool to measure T cell response in immunocompromised patients who failed to mount serological responses following vaccination with mRNA covid-19 vaccines. We compared anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and cellular responses in vaccinated immunocompromised patients (n = 58), healthy seronegative naive controls (NC, n = 8), and healthy seropositive vaccinated controls (VC, n = 32) by Luminex, spike-induced IFN-γ Elispot and an IDT. A skin biopsy 24 h after IDT and single-cell RNAseq was performed in three vaccinated volunteers. Twenty-five percent of seronegative NC had a positive Elispot (2/8) and IDT (1/4), compared to 95% (20/21) and 93% (28/30) in seropositive VC, respectively. Single-cell RNAseq data in the skin of VC showed a predominant mixed population of effector helper and cytotoxic T cells. The TCR repertoire revealed 18/1064 clonotypes with known specificities against SARS-CoV-2, among which six were spike-specific. Seronegative immunocompromised patients with positive Elispot and IDT were in 83% (5/6) treated with B cell-depleting reagents, while those with negative IDT were all transplant recipients. Our results indicate that delayed local reaction to IDT reflects vaccine-induced T-cell immunity opening new perspectives to monitor seronegative patients and elderly populations with waning immunity.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37321353
pii: S0163-4453(23)00329-8
doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.06.005
pmc: PMC10264165
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
COVID-19 Vaccines
0
Biomarkers
0
mRNA Vaccines
0
Antibodies, Viral
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
111-119Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of Competing Interest Dr Pantaleo and Dr Fenwick report having a patent pending (application No. EP20205298.1) for a SARS-Cov2 neutralization assay. Dr Gottardo has received consulting income from Takeda, Ozette Technologies and declares ownership in Ozette Technologies. The research was conducted without any other commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest to this study.