Recent advances in electrochemical sensors and biosensors for monitoring drugs and metabolites in pharmaceutical and biological samples.
Pharmaceuticals and drugs
carbon nanotubes
glassy carbon electrodes
screen printed carbon electrodes
Journal
ADMET & DMPK
ISSN: 1848-7718
Titre abrégé: ADMET DMPK
Pays: Croatia
ID NLM: 101660124
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
received:
15
02
2023
revised:
07
04
2023
medline:
16
6
2023
pubmed:
16
6
2023
entrez:
16
6
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Various applications of electrochemical sensors and biosensors have been reported in many fields. These include pharmaceuticals, drug detection, cancer detection, and analysis of toxic elements in tap water. Electrochemical sensors are characterised by their low cost, ease of manufacture, rapid analysis, small size and ability to detect multiple elements simultaneously. They also allow the reaction mechanisms of analytes, such as drugs, to be taken into account, giving a first indication of their fate in the body or their pharmaceutical preparation. Several materials are used in the construction of sensors, such as graphene, fullerene, carbon nanotubes, carbon graphite, glassy carbon, carbon clay, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and metals. This review covers the most recent progress in electrochemical sensors used to analyze drugs and metabolites in pharmaceutical and biological samples. We have highlighted carbon paste electrodes (CPE), glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) and reduced graphene oxide electrodes (rGOE). The sensitivity and analysis speed of electrochemical sensors can be improved by modifying them with conductive materials. Different materials used for modification have been reported and demonstrated, such as molecularly imprinted polymers, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, fullerene (C60), iron(III) nanoparticles (Fe
Identifiants
pubmed: 37325116
doi: 10.5599/admet.1709
pmc: PMC10262219
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
151-173Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023 by the authors.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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