Breast cancer, alcohol, and phosphate toxicity.
alcohol consumption
breast cancer
chronic kidney disease
dysregulated phosphate metabolism
hyperphosphatemia
inorganic phosphate
onco-nephrology
phosphate toxicity
rhabdomyolysis
tumorigenesis
Journal
Journal of applied toxicology : JAT
ISSN: 1099-1263
Titre abrégé: J Appl Toxicol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8109495
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2024
Jan 2024
Historique:
revised:
18
05
2023
received:
08
04
2023
accepted:
25
05
2023
medline:
6
12
2023
pubmed:
19
6
2023
entrez:
18
6
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, even at low alcohol intake levels, but public awareness of the breast cancer risk associated with alcohol intake is low. Furthermore, the causative mechanisms underlying alcohol's association with breast cancer are unknown. The present theoretical paper uses a modified grounded theory method to review the research literature and propose that alcohol's association with breast cancer is mediated by phosphate toxicity, the accumulation of excess inorganic phosphate in body tissue. Serum levels of inorganic phosphate are regulated through a network of hormones released from the bone, kidneys, parathyroid glands, and intestines. Alcohol burdens renal function, which may disturb the regulation of inorganic phosphate, impair phosphate excretion, and increase phosphate toxicity. In addition to causing cellular dehydration, alcohol is an etiologic factor in nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis, which ruptures cell membranes and releases inorganic phosphate into the serum, leading to hyperphosphatemia. Phosphate toxicity is also associated with tumorigenesis, as high levels of inorganic phosphate within the tumor microenvironment activate cell signaling pathways and promote cancer cell growth. Furthermore, phosphate toxicity potentially links cancer and kidney disease in onco-nephrology. Insights into the mediating role of phosphate toxicity may lead to future research and interventions that raise public health awareness of breast cancer risk and alcohol consumption.
Substances chimiques
Phosphates
0
Ethanol
3K9958V90M
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
17-27Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Applied Toxicology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Références
Adhikari, S., Mamlouk, O., Rondon-Berrios, H., & Workeneh, B. T. (2021). Hypophosphatemia in cancer patients. Clinical Kidney Journal, 14(11), 2304-2315. https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfab078
Agabio, R., Madeddu, C., Contu, P., Cosentino, S., Deiana, M., Massa, E., Mereu, A., Politi, C., Sardu, C., & Sinclair, J. (2021). Alcohol consumption is a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer: Are women aware of this relationship? Alcohol Alcohol, 57, 533-539. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agab042
AICR. (2019). 2019 cancer risk awareness survey. American Institute for Cancer Research. Retrieved from https://www.aicr.org/assets/can-prevent/docs/2019-Survey.pdf
Anderson, L. M., Carter, J. P., Driver, C. L., Logsdon, D. L., Kovatch, R. M., & Giner-Sorolla, A. (1993). Enhancement of tumorigenesis by N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N6-(methylnitroso)-adenosine by ethanol. Cancer Letters, 68(1), 61-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(93)90220-4
Arrangoiz, R., Margain-Treviño, D., Sánchez-García, J., Moreno-Paquentin, E., Caba-Molina, D., & Luque-de-León, E. (2019). Is breast cancer associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. American Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 2(1), 1033.
Atoum, M., & Alzoughool, F. (2017). Vitamin D and breast cancer: Latest evidence and future steps. Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research, 11, 1178223417749816.
Azam, S., Eriksson, M., Sjölander, A., Gabrielson, M., Hellgren, R., Czene, K., & Hall, P. (2021). Mammographic microcalcifications and risk of breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 125(5), 759-765. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01459-x
Aze, Y., Toyoda, K., Furukawa, F., Mitsumori, K., & Takahashi, M. (1993). Enhancing effect of ethanol on esophageal tumor development in rats by initiation of diethylnitrosamine. Carcinogenesis, 14(1), 37-40. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/14.1.37
Baan, R., Straif, K., Grosse, Y., Secretan, B., El Ghissassi, F., Bouvard, V., Altieri, A., & Cogliano, V. (2007). Carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages. The Lancet Oncology, 8(4), 292-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(07)70099-2
Bagnardi, V., Rota, M., Botteri, E., Tramacere, I., Islami, F., Fedirko, V., Scotti, L., Jenab, M., Turati, F., Pasquali, E., Pelucchi, C., Galeone, C., Bellocco, R., Negri, E., Corrao, G., Boffetta, P., & La Vecchia, C. (2015). Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: A comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis. British Journal of Cancer, 112(3), 580-593. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2014.579
Bansal, R., & Bansal, S. (2017). Alcoholic binge and nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis: A case report. Annals of Clinical Case Reports, 2017(2), 1389.
Bobko, A. A., Eubank, T. D., Driesschaert, B., Dhimitruka, I., Evans, J., Mohammad, R., Tchekneva, E. E., Dikov, M. M., & Khramtsov, V. V. (2017). Interstitial inorganic phosphate as a tumor microenvironment marker for tumor progression. Scientific Reports, 7, 41233. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41233
Bolhasani, H., Amjadi, E., Tabatabaeian, M., & Jassbi, S. J. (2020). A histopathological image dataset for grading breast invasive ductal carcinomas. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 19, 100341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2020.100341
Brito, R. B. d. O., Rebello, J. F., Grabulosa, C. C., Pinto, W., Morales, A., Elias, R. M., Moyses, R. M. A., & Dalboni, M. A. (2020). 25-vitamin D reduces inflammation in uremic environment. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56874-1
Brown, R. B. (2020a). Breakthrough knowledge synthesis in the age of Google. Philosophies, 5(1), 4.
Brown, R. B. (2020b). Phosphate and oxysterols may mediate an inverse relationship between atherosclerosis and cancer. European Medical Journal - Oncology, 8(1), 114-121. https://doi.org/10.33590/emjoncol/20-00067
Brown, R. B. (2020c). Stress, inflammation, depression, and dementia associated with phosphate toxicity. Molecular Biology Reports, 47, 9921-9929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-06005
Brown, R. B., & Razzaque, M. S. (2015). Dysregulation of phosphate metabolism and conditions associated with phosphate toxicity. BoneKEy Reports, 4(6), 705. https://doi.org/10.1038/bonekey.2015.74
Brown, R. B., & Razzaque, M. S. (2018). Phosphate toxicity and tumorigenesis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, 1869(April), 303-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.007
Buchanan, S., Combet, E., Stenvinkel, P., & Shiels, P. G. (2020). Klotho, aging, and the failing kidney. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11(560), 560. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00560
Cabral, B. M. I., Edding, S. N., Portocarrero, J. P., & Lerma, E. V. (2020). Rhabdomyolysis. Disease-a-Month, 66(8), 101015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101015
Canada.ca. (2022). Technical-grade ethanol for the manufacture of hand sanitizers and hard-surface disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic: Risk assessment summary report. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/natural-non-prescription/legislation-guidelines/covid19-technical-grade-ethanol-hand-sanitizer/risk-assessment-summary-report.html
Capasso, A., Benigni, A., Capitanio, U., Danesh, F. R., Di Marzo, V., Gesualdo, L., … Zoccali, C. (2019). Summary of the international conference on Onco-nephrology: An emerging field in medicine. Kidney International, 96(3), 555-567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2019.04.043
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2020). The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/disease/breast_ovarian_cancer/genes_hboc.htm
Chavez, L. O., Leon, M., Einav, S., & Varon, J. (2016). Beyond muscle destruction: A systematic review of rhabdomyolysis for clinical practice. Critical Care, 20(1), 135. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-016-1314-5
Chen, D. R., Chien, S. Y., Kuo, S. J., Teng, Y. H., Tsai, H. T., Kuo, J. H., & Chung, J. G. (2010). SLC34A2 as a novel marker for diagnosis and targeted therapy of breast cancer. Anticancer Research, 30(10), 4135-4140.
Chudek, J., Nagy, A., Kokot, F., Podwinski, A., Wiecek, A., Ritz, E., & Kovacs, G. (2007). Phosphatemia is related to chromosomal aberrations of parathyroid glands in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Journal of Nephrology, 20(2), 164-172.
Chun Tie, Y., Birks, M., & Francis, K. (2019). Grounded theory research: A design framework for novice researchers. SAGE Open Medicine, 7, 2050312118822927.
Cosmai, L., Porta, C., Foramitti, M., Rizzo, M., & Gallieni, M. (2020). The basics of onco-nephrology in the renal clinic. Journal of Nephrology, 33, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00922-x
Croce, S., Guèye, M., Korganow, A. C., Chatelus, E., Guèye, S. M., Diemunsch, P., & Mathelin, C. (2011). Paraneoplastic polymyositis associated with breast cancer: A therapeutic emergency. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 126(3), 811-814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-010-1328-7
Czaya, B., Heitman, K., Campos, I., Yanucil, C., Kentrup, D., Westbrook, D., Gutierrez, O., Babitt, J. L., Jung, G., Salusky, I. B., Hanudel, M., & Faul, C. (2022). Hyperphosphatemia increases inflammation to exacerbate anemia and skeletal muscle wasting independently of FGF23-FGFR4 signaling. eLife, 11, e74782. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.74782
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2020). Dietary guidelines for Americans 2020-2025. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2020-12/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf
Epstein, M. (1997). Alcohol's impact on kidney function. Alcohol Health and Research World, 21(1), 84-92.
Eskelson, C. D., Odeleye, O. E., Watson, R. R., Earnest, D. L., & Mufti, S. I. (1993). Modulation of cancer growth by vitamin E and alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol, 28(1), 117-125.
Falconi, C. A., Junho, C., Fogaça-Ruiz, F., Vernier, I. C. S., da Cunha, R. S., Stinghen, A. E. M., & Carneiro-Ramos, M. S. (2021). Uremic toxins: An alarming danger concerning the cardiovascular system. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 686249. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.686249
García-Quiroz, J., García-Becerra, R., Lara-Sotelo, G., Avila, E., López, S., Santos-Martínez, N., Halhali, A., Ordaz-Rosado, D., Barrera, D., Olmos-Ortiz, A., Ibarra-Sánchez, M. J., Esparza-López, J., Larrea, F., & Díaz, L. (2017). Chronic moderate ethanol intake differentially regulates vitamin D hydroxylases gene expression in kidneys and xenografted breast cancer cells in female mice. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 173, 148-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.09.011
Gill, J. (2000). The effects of moderate alcohol consumption on female hormone levels and reproductive function. Alcohol Alcohol, 35(5), 417-423. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/35.5.417
Guertin, D. A., & Sabatini, D. M. (2007). Defining the role of mTOR in cancer. Cancer Cell, 12(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2007.05.008
Gupta, A., & Moore, J. A. (2018). Tumor lysis syndrome. JAMA Oncology, 4(6), 895. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0613
Hermann, S., & Nolson, B. (2012). Breast cancer diagnosis while breastfeeding: When two worlds collide. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 41(s1), S163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01363_1.x
Hilakivi-Clarke, L., Cabanes, A., de Assis, S., Wang, M., Khan, G., Shoemaker, W. J., & Stevens, R. G. (2004). In utero alcohol exposure increases mammary tumorigenesis in rats. British Journal of Cancer, 90(11), 2225-2231. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601793
Hill, D. A., Argyropoulos, C., Roumelioti, M.-E., & Unruh, M. (2020). Abstract P5-07-14: Chronic kidney disease in breast cancer treatment and survival. Cancer Research. Retrieved from https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/80/4_Supplement/P5-07-14.short, 80(4). https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.SABCS19-P5-07-14
Hird, A. E., Magee, D. E., Matta, R., Saskin, R., Dvorani, E., Kulkarni, G. S., Kodama, R., Herschorn, S., Narod, S. A., & Nam, R. K. (2020). Assessment of secondary sarcomas among patients with cancer of the abdomen or pelvis who received combinations of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy vs surgery alone. JAMA Network Open, 3(10), e2013929. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13929
Howell Smith, M. C., Babchuk, W. A., Stevens, J., Garrett, A. L., Wang, S. C., & Guetterman, T. C. (2020). Modeling the use of mixed methods-grounded theory: Developing scales for a new measurement model. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 14(2), 184-206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689819872599
Htet, Z. (2018). Alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis: A disease with potential pitfalls. Acute Medicine, 17(4), 226-228. https://doi.org/10.52964/AMJA.0735
Hu, M., Wang, Q., Liu, B., Ma, Q., Zhang, T., Huang, T., Lv, Z., & Wang, R. (2022). Chronic kidney disease and cancer: Inter-relationships and mechanisms. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 10, 868715. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.868715
IARC. (2010). Studies of cancer in experimental animals: 3.1 ethanol and alcoholic beverages. Internation Agency for Research on cancer. Alcohol Consumption and Ethyl Carbamate. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326565/
Iff, S., Craig, J. C., Turner, R., Chapman, J. R., Wang, J. J., Mitchell, P., & Wong, G. (2014). Reduced estimated GFR and cancer mortality. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 63(1), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.07.008
Iishi, H., Tatsuta, M., Baba, M., & Taniguchi, H. (1989). Promotion by ethanol of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats. British Journal of Cancer, 59(5), 719-721. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1989.151
IOM. (1997). Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. Institute of Medicine Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, National Academy of Sciences.
Islami, F., Goding Sauer, A., Miller, K. D., Siegel, R. L., Fedewa, S. A., Jacobs, E. J., McCullough, M. L., Patel, A. V., Ma, J., Soerjomataram, I., Flanders, W. D., Brawley, O. W., Gapstur, S. M., Jemal, A., & Soerjomataram, I. (2018). Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 68(1), 31-54. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21440
Jacquillet, G., & Unwin, R. J. (2019). Physiological regulation of phosphate by vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and phosphate (pi). Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology, 471(1), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-018-2231-z
Jarman, O. D., Biner, O., & Hirst, J. (2021). Regulation of ATP hydrolysis by the ε subunit, ζ subunit and mg-ADP in the ATP synthase of Paracoccus denitrificans. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1862(3), 148355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148355
Jin, H., Xu, C.-X., Lim, H.-T., Park, S.-J., Shin, J.-Y., Chung, Y.-S., Park, S.-C., Chang, S.-H., Youn, H.-J., Lee, K.-H., Lee, Y.-S., Ha, Y.-C., Chae, C.-H., Beck, G. R. Jr., & Lee, K.-H. (2009). High dietary inorganic phosphate increases lung tumorigenesis and alters Akt signaling. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 179(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200802-306OC
Jones, H., Chaikoff, I., & Lawrence, J. H. (1940). Phosphorus metabolism of neoplastic tissues (mammary carcinoma, lymphoma, lymphosarcoma) as indicated by radioactive phosphorus. American Journal of Cancer Research, 40(2), 243-250.
Kalra, R., Wade, K. E., Hands, L., Styles, P., Camplejohn, R., Greenall, M., Adams, G. E., Harris, A. L., & Radda, G. K. (1993). Phosphomonoester is associated with proliferation in human breast cancer: A 31P MRS study. British Journal of Cancer, 67(5), 1145-1153. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1993.211
Khan, F. Y. (2009). Rhabdomyolysis: A review of the literature. The Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 67(9), 272-283.
Khan, Y. S., & Sajjad, H. (2022). Anatomy, thorax, mammary gland. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
Klein, W. M., Jacobsen, P. B., & Helzlsouer, K. J. (2020). Alcohol and cancer risk: Clinical and research implications. JAMA, 323(1), 23-24. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.19133
Kovacs, C. S. (2021). Calcium and phosphate metabolism and related disorders during pregnancy and lactation. In K. R. Feingold, A. Bradley, & M. R. Blackman (Eds.), Endotext [Internet]. MDText.com, Inc..
Kovacs, C. S., & Chik, C. L. (1995). Hyperprolactinemia caused by lactation and pituitary adenomas is associated with altered serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and PTH-related peptide levels. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 80(10), 3036-3042. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.80.10.7559893
Kushida, M., Wanibuchi, H., Morimura, K., Kinoshita, A., Kang, J. S., Puatanachokchai, R., Wei, M., Funae, Y., & Fukushima, S. (2005). Dose-dependence of promotion of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis by ethanol: Evidence for a threshold. Cancer Science, 96(11), 747-757. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00110.x
Lacava, V., Coppolino, G., Puntorieri, E., Cernaro, V., Lupica, R., Visconti, L., Buemi, A., Santoro, D., & Buemi, M. (2015). Nephro-oncology: A link in evolution. Renal Failure, 37(8), 1260-1266. https://doi.org/10.3109/0886022x.2015.1068514
Lacerda-Abreu, M. A., Russo-Abrahão, T., Cosentino-Gomes, D., Nascimento, M. T. C., Carvalho-Kelly, L. F., Gomes, T., Rodrigues, M. F., König, S., Rumjanek, F. D., Monteiro, R. Q., & Meyer-Fernandes, J. R. (2019). H(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate transporter in breast cancer cells: Possible functions in the tumor microenvironment. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease, 1865(9), 2180-2188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.015
Larsson, S. C., Drca, N., & Wolk, A. (2014). Alcohol consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation: A prospective study and dose-response meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 64(3), 281-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.048
Levey, A. S., Coresh, J., Bolton, K., Culleton, B., Harvey, K. S., Ikizler, T. A., … Briggs, J. (2002). K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 39(2 Suppl. 1), S1-S266.
Lin, Y., McKinnon, K. E., Ha, S. W., & Beck, G. R. Jr. (2015). Inorganic phosphate induces cancer cell mediated angiogenesis dependent on forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) regulated osteopontin expression. Molecular Carcinogenesis, 54(9), 926-934. https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.22153
Liu, P., Cheng, H., Roberts, T. M., & Zhao, J. J. (2009). Targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in cancer. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 8(8), 627-644. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2926
MacLean, R. R., Valentine, G. W., Jatlow, P. I., & Sofuoglu, M. (2017). Inhalation of alcohol vapor: Measurement and implications. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 41(2), 238-250. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13291
Malyszko, J., Tesarova, P., Capasso, G., & Capasso, A. (2020). The link between kidney disease and cancer: Complications and treatment. The Lancet, 396(10246), 277-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30540-7
Nachiappan, V., Mufti, S. I., Chakravarti, A., Eskelson, C. D., & Rajasekharan, R. (1994). Lipid peroxidation and ethanol-related tumor promotion in Fischer-344 rats treated with tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Alcohol Alcohol, 29(5), 565-574.
Nachiappan, V., Mufti, S. I., & Eskelson, C. D. (1993). Ethanol-mediated promotion of oral carcinogenesis in hamsters: Association with lipid peroxidation. Nutrition and Cancer, 20(3), 293-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635589309514297
National Breast Cancer Foundation. (2020). Types of breast cancer. Retrieved from https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/types-of-breast-cancer/
Ng, T. C., Grundfest, S., Vijayakumar, S., Baldwin, N. J., Majors, A. W., Karalis, I., Meaney, T. F., Shin, K. H., Thomas, F. J., & Tubbs, R. (1989). Therapeutic response of breast carcinoma monitored by 31P MRS in situ. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 10(1), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910100112
Nyssen, G. A., Miller, E. T., Glass, T. F., Quinn, C. R., Underwood, J., & Wilson, D. J. (1987). Solubilities of hydrophobic compounds in aqueous-organic solvent mixtures. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 9(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394211
Osuka, S., & Razzaque, M. S. (2012). Can features of phosphate toxicity appear in normophosphatemia? Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 30(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-011-0343-z
Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 42(5), 533-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
Papadatos, S. S., Deligiannis, G., Bazoukis, G., Michelongona, P., Spiliopoulou, A., Mylonas, S., & Zissis, C. (2015). Nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis with short-term alcohol intoxication - a case report. Clinical Case Reports, 3(10), 769-772. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.326
Papaloucas, C., Papaloucas, M., Kouloulias, V., Neanidis, K., Pistevou-Gompaki, K., Kouvaris, J., Zygogianni, A., Mystakidou, K., & Papaloucas, A. (2014). Measurement of blood phosphorus: A quick and inexpensive method for detection of the existence of cancer in the body. Too good to be true, or forgotten knowledge of the past? Medical Hypotheses, 82(1), 24-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2013.10.028
Park, J. M., & Park, J. H. (2001). Human in-vivo 31P MR spectroscopy of benign and malignant breast tumors. Korean Journal of Radiology, 2(2), 80-86. https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2001.2.2.80
Perazella, M. A. (2009). Renal vulnerability to drug toxicity. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 4(7), 1275-1283. https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.02050309
Pollard, M. S., Tucker, J. S., & Green, H. D. Jr. (2020). Changes in adult alcohol use and consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. JAMA Network Open, 3(9), e2022942. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22942
Prajapati, P., Desai, H., & Chandarana, C. (2022). Hand sanitizers as a preventive measure in COVID-19 pandemic, its characteristics, and harmful effects: A review. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 97(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00094-x
Rakha, E., Toss, M., & Quinn, C. (2022). Specific cell differentiation in breast cancer: A basis for histological classification. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 75(2), 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207487
Redmond, O. M., Stack, J. P., O'Connor, N. G., Codd, M. B., & Ennis, J. T. (1991). In vivo phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of normal and pathological breast tissues. The British Journal of Radiology, 64(759), 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-64-759-210
Rosner, M. H., Jhaveri, K. D., McMahon, B. A., & Perazella, M. A. (2021). Onconephrology: The intersections between the kidney and cancer. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(1), 47-77. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21636
Rumgay, H., Shield, K., Charvat, H., Ferrari, P., Sornpaisarn, B., Obot, I., Islami, F., Lemmens, P. V. E. P. P., Rehm, P. J., & Soerjomataram, I. (2021). Global burden of cancer in 2020 attributable to alcohol consumption: A population-based study. The Lancet Oncology, 22(8), 1071-1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00279-5
Russo-Abrahão, T., Lacerda-Abreu, M. A., Gomes, T., Cosentino-Gomes, D., Carvalho-de-Araújo, A. D., Rodrigues, M. F., de Oliveira, A. C. L., Rumjanek, F. D., de Queiroz Monteiro, R., & Meyer-Fernandes, J. R. (2018). Characterization of inorganic phosphate transport in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. PLoS ONE, 13(2), e0191270. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191270
Schipper, H., Turley, E. A., & Baum, M. (1996). A new biological framework for cancer research. The Lancet, 348(9035), 1149-1151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)06184-3
Schüller, H. M., Jorquera, R., Reichert, A., & Castonguay, A. (1993). Transplacental induction of pancreas tumors in hamsters by ethanol and the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Cancer Research, 53(11), 2498-2501.
Scoccianti, C., Lauby-Secretan, B., Bello, P.-Y., Chajes, V., & Romieu, I. (2014). Female breast cancer and alcohol consumption: A review of the literature. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 46(3), S16-S25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.031
Seidenberg, A. B., Wiseman, K. P., & Klein, W. M. P. (2023). Do beliefs about alcohol and cancer risk vary by alcoholic beverage type and heart disease risk beliefs? Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 32(1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.Epi-22-0420
Sigvaldason, H., Obayan, A., von Kuster, K., & Pathak, K. A. (2016). Hypercalcemia in metastatic breast cancer unrelated to skeletal metastasis. CMAJ, 188(5), E91-e94. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.150638
Sijens, P. E., Wijrdeman, H. K., Moerland, M. A., Bakker, C. J., Vermeulen, J. W., & Luyten, P. R. (1988). Human breast cancer in vivo: H-1 and P-31 MR spectroscopy at 1.5 T. Radiology, 169(3), 615-620. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.169.3.2847230
Simapivapan, P., Boltong, A., & Hodge, A. (2016). To what extent is alcohol consumption associated with breast cancer recurrence and second primary breast cancer?: A systematic review. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 50, 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.09.010
Singletary, K. W., McNary, M. Q., Odoms, A. M., Nelshoppen, J., & Wallig, M. A. (1991). Ethanol consumption and DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Nutrition and Cancer, 16(1), 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635589109514136
Sivakumar, S., & Mohankumar, N. (2012). Mineral status of female breast cancer patients in Tamil Nadu. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(4), 618-621.
Stordal, B. (2023). Breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer: A call for action in high-income countries with low rates of breastfeeding. Cancer Medicine, 12(4), 4616-4625. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.5288
Swierz, M. J., Storman, D., Riemsma, R. P., Wolff, R., Mitus, J. W., Pedziwiatr, M., Kleijnen, J., & Bala, M. M. (2020). Percutaneous ethanol injection for liver metastases. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008717.pub3
Torres, P. A. U., & De Brauwere, D. P. (2011). Three feedback loops precisely regulating serum phosphate concentration. Kidney International, 80(5), 443-445. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2011.146
Trump, D. L. (2018). Calcitriol and cancer therapy: A missed opportunity. Bone Reports, 9, 110-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2018.06.002
Tsutsumi, M., George, J., Ishizawa, K., Fukumura, A., & Takase, S. (2006). Effect of chronic dietary ethanol in the promotion of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced esophageal carcinogenesis in rats. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 21(5), 805-813. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.04040.x
Twelves, C. J., Lowry, M., Porter, D. A., Dobbs, N. A., Graves, P. E., Smith, M. A., & Richards, M. A. (1994). Phosphorus-31 metabolism of human breast-An in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic study at 1.5 tesla. The British Journal of Radiology, 67(793), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-67-793-36
Uleckiene, S., & Domkiene, V. (2003). Investigation of ethyl alcohol and beta-carotene effect on two models of carcinogenesis. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 54(1), 89-93. https://doi.org/10.1556/ABiol.54.2003.1.9
Varga, Z. V., Matyas, C., Paloczi, J., & Pacher, P. (2017). Alcohol misuse and kidney injury: Epidemiological evidence and potential mechanisms. Alcohol Research, 38(2), 283-288.
Ward, D. N., & Griffin, A. C. (1955). Phosphorus incorporation into nucleic acids and proteins of liver nuclei of normal and azo dye-fed rats. Cancer Research, 15(7), 456-461.
Watabiki, T., Okii, Y., Tokiyasu, T., Yoshimura, S., Yoshida, M., Akane, A., Shikata, N., & Tsubura, A. (2000). Long-term ethanol consumption in ICR mice causes mammary tumor in females and liver fibrosis in males. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(4), 117s-122s. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb00025.x
White, A. M. (2020). Gender differences in the epidemiology of alcohol use and related harms in the United States. Alcohol Research : Current Reviews, 40(2), 01. https://doi.org/10.35946/arcr.v40.2.01
WHO. (2021). Alcohol is one of the biggest risk factors for breast cancer. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/20-10-2021-alcohol-is-one-of-the-biggest-risk-factors-for-breast-cancer
Wolfswinkel, J. F., Furtmueller, E., & Wilderom, C. P. M. (2013). Using grounded theory as a method for rigorously reviewing literature. European Journal of Information Systems, 22(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2011.51
Wong, G., Staplin, N., Emberson, J., Baigent, C., Turner, R., Chalmers, J., Zoungas, S., Pollock, C., Cooper, B., Harris, D., Wang, J. J., Mitchell, P., Prince, R., Lim, W. H., Lewis, J., Chapman, J., & Craig, J. (2016). Chronic kidney disease and the risk of cancer: An individual patient data meta-analysis of 32,057 participants from six prospective studies. BMC Cancer, 16(1), 488. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-016-2532-6
Wulaningsih, W., Michaelsson, K., Garmo, H., Hammar, N., Jungner, I., Walldius, G., Holmberg, L., & Van Hemelrijck, M. (2013). Inorganic phosphate and the risk of cancer in the Swedish AMORIS study. BMC Cancer, 13(1), 257. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-13-257
Yamagiwa, K., Higashi, S., & Mizumoto, R. (1991). Effect of alcohol ingestion on carcinogenesis by synthetic estrogen and progestin in the rat liver. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 82(7), 771-778. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.1991.tb02701.x
Yanagi, S., Yamashita, M., Hiasa, Y., & Kamiya, T. (1989). Effect of ethanol on hepatocarcinogenesis initiated in rats with 3′-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in the absence of liver injuries. International Journal of Cancer, 44(4), 681-684. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910440421
Zhang, M.-H. (2012). Rhabdomyolosis and its pathogenesis. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 3(1), 11-15. https://doi.org/10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2012.01.002