How murine models of human disease and immunity are influenced by housing temperature and mild thermal stress.
adaptive thermogenesis
ambient temperature
brown adipose tissue
cancer
cardiovascular disease
chronic stress
cold stress
immunity
inflammation
laboratory housing conditions
metabolism
murine models
nesting material
obesity
standard temperature
sympathetic nervous system
temperature
thermoneutral temperature
thermoneutral zone
Journal
Temperature (Austin, Tex.)
ISSN: 2332-8940
Titre abrégé: Temperature (Austin)
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101655855
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
medline:
19
6
2023
pubmed:
19
6
2023
entrez:
19
6
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
At the direction of The Guide and Use of Laboratory Animals, rodents in laboratory facilities are housed at ambient temperatures between 20°C and 26°C, which fall below their thermoneutral zone (TNZ). TNZ is identified as a range of ambient temperatures that allow an organism to regulate body temperature without employing additional thermoregulatory processes (e.g. metabolic heat production driven by norepinephrine), thus leading to mild, chronic cold stress. For mice, this chronic cold stress leads to increased serum levels of the catecholamine norepinephrine, which has direct effects on various immune cells and several aspects of immunity and inflammation. Here, we review several studies that have revealed that ambient temperature significantly impacts outcomes in various murine models of human diseases, particularly those in which the immune system plays a major role in its pathogenesis. The impact of ambient temperature on experimental outcomes raises questions regarding the clinical relevance of some murine models of human disease, since studies examining rodents housed within thermoneutral ambient temperatures revealed that rodent disease pathology more closely resembled that of humans. Unlike laboratory rodents, humans can modify their surroundings accordingly - by adjusting their clothing, the thermostat, or their physical activity - to live within the appropriate TNZ, offering a possible explanation for why many studies using murine models of human disease conducted at thermoneutrality better represent patient outcomes. Thus, it is strongly recommended that ambient housing temperature in such studies be consistently and accurately reported and recognized as an important experimental variable.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37332306
doi: 10.1080/23328940.2022.2093561
pii: 2093561
pmc: PMC10274546
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
166-178Informations de copyright
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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