Literature review: Imaging in prostate cancer.

Imaging plays an increasingly important role in the detection and characterization of prostate cancer (PC). This review summarizes the key conventional and advanced imaging modalities including multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and tries to instruct clinicians in finding the best image modality depending on the patient`s PC-stage. We aim to give an overview of the different image modalities and their benefits and weaknesses in imaging PC. Emphasis is put on primary prostate cancer detection and staging as well as on recurrent and castration resistant prostate cancer. Results from studies using various imaging techniques are discussed and compared. For the different stages of PC, advantages and disadvantages of the different imaging modalities are discussed. Moreover, this review aims to give an outlook about upcoming, new imaging modalities and how they might be implemented in the future into clinical routine. Imaging patients suffering from PC should aim for exact diagnosis, accurate detection of PC lesions and should mirror the true tumor burden. Imaging should lead to the best patient treatment available in the current PC-stage and should avoid unnecessary therapeutic interventions. New image modalities such as long axial field of view PET/CT with photon-counting CT and radiopharmaceuticals like androgen receptor targeting radiopharmaceuticals open up new possibilities. In conclusion, PC imaging is growing and each image modality is aiming for improvement.

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Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of Competing Interest AR has received research support and speaker honoraria from Siemens. ATH has received research grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Helmut-Hartweg Foundation and the Foundation to Fight against Cancer, all for work outside the submitted study. ATH has received speaker/consulting honoraria or travel support from Bayer, Bracco and Siemens, all for work outside the submitted study. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to report.