Engaging Early-Career Scientists in Global Policy-Making.

Early-Career Scientists Policy-Making Science Diplomacy Science for Policy Training Scientific Academies and Networks

Journal

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
ISSN: 1521-3773
Titre abrégé: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 0370543

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
21 08 2023
Historique:
received: 03 12 2022
medline: 18 8 2023
pubmed: 28 6 2023
entrez: 28 6 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Pressing global challenges, such as climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, or antibiotic resistance, require coordinated international responses guided by evidence-informed decisions. For this purpose, it is critical that scientists engage in providing insights during the decision-making process. However, the mechanisms for the engagement of scientists in policy-making are complex and vary internationally, which often poses significant challenges to their involvement. Herein, we address some of the mechanisms and barriers for scientists to engage in policy-making with a global perspective by early-career scientists. We highlight the importance of scientific academies, societies, universities, and early-career networks as stakeholders and how they can adapt their structures to actively contribute to shaping global policies, with representative examples from chemistry-related disciplines. We showcase the importance of raising awareness, providing resources and training, and leading discussions about connecting emerging scientists with global decision-makers to address societal challenges through policies.

Identifiants

pubmed: 37377145
doi: 10.1002/anie.202217841
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e202217841

Informations de copyright

© 2023 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.

Références

Y. N. Harari, “Yuval Noah Harari on what the year 2050 has in store for humankind,” can be found under https://www.wired.co.uk/article/yuval-noah-harari-extract-21-lessons-for-the-21st-century, 2018 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
D. Cole-Hamilton, Chem. Eur. J. 2020, 26, 1894-1899.
E. Dobbelaar, J. Richter, Pure Appl. Chem. 2022, 94, 1-14.
M. Nicola, C. Sohrabi, G. Mathew, A. Kerwan, A. Al-Jabir, M. Griffin, M. Agha, R. Agha, Int. J. Surg. 2020, 81, 122-129.
A. M. George, Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 2019, 7, 51.
B. Ozcan, P. G. Tzeremes, N. G. Tzeremes, Econ. Model. 2020, 84, 203-213.
C. Stix, Sci. Eng. Ethics 2021, 27, 15.
H. Safford, A. Brown, Nature 2019, 572, 681-682.
E. von Schneidemesser, M. Melamed, J. Schmale, Earth's Future 2020, 8, e2020EF001628.
J. D. Sterman, Am. J. Public Health 2006, 96, 505-514.
A. Stirling, Nature 2010, 468, 1029-1031.
P. Gluckman, Nature 2014, 507, 163-165.
P. Gluckman, R. Quirion, M. Denis, K. Allen, “Principles and Structures of science advice: An outline,” can be found under https://council.science/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Science-advice_ISC_INGSA-updated-24022022.pdf, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
M. Castells, The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture. The Rise of the Network Society, Wiley, Chichester, 2010, pp. 1-511.
N. V. Fedoroff, Science 2012, 335, 503.
B. W. Head, Policy Soc. 2010, 29, 77-94.
A. Bankston, G. S. McDowell, J. Microbiol. Biol. Educ. 2018, 19, 19i1.1413.
K. E. Cordova, H. Furukawa, O. M. Yaghi, ACS Cent. Sci. 2015, 1, 18-23.
T. John, M. Cieślak, D. Vargová, S. M. Richardson, V. Mougel, J. V. Milić, Chem. Eur. J. 2021, 27, 6359-6366.
UNESCO, “Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge and the Science Agenda: Framework for Action,” can be found under https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000116994, 1999 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
L. Corey, J. R. Mascola, A. S. Fauci, F. S. Collins, Science 2020, 368, 948-950.
S. van den Hove, Futures 2007, 39, 807-826.
Joint Research Centre, Science for Policy Handbook (Eds.: V. Šucha, M. Sienkiewicz), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2020, pp. 1-216.
L. Melchor, I. Lacunza, A. Elorza, “S4D4C European Science Diplomacy Online Course: Module 2: What Is Science Diplomacy?,” can be found under https://www.s4d4c.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/S4D4C-EU-SciDip-Online-Course-Module-2.pdf, 2020 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
N. L. Klenk, K. Meehan, S. L. Pinel, F. Mendez, P. T. Lima, D. M. Kammen, Science 2015, 350, 743-744.
Å. Knaggård, D. Slunge, A. Ekbom, M. Göthberg, U. Sahlin, Environ. Sci. Policy 2019, 97, 25-35.
M. Atiyah, S. Afr. J. Sci. 1995, 91, 546-547.
W. Gaieck, J. P. Lawrence, M. Montchal, W. Pandori, E. Valdez-Ward, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2020, 117, 20977-20981.
J. Buehring, P. C. Bishop, She Ji 2020, 6, 408-432.
R. Hodges, E. Caperchione, J. van Helden, C. Reichard, D. Sorrentino, Public Organ. Rev. 2022, 22, 249-267.
T. R. Dye, Policy Analysis: What Governments Do, Why They Do It and What Difference It Makes, Univ of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, 1976, pp. 1-122.
UNEP, “21 Issues for the 21st Century - Results of the UNEP Foresight Process on Emerging Environmental Issues,” can be found under https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/8056, 2012 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
H. D. Lasswell, Policy Sci. 1970, 1, 3-14.
UNEP, “United Nations Environment Programme,” can be found under https://www.unep.org/about-un-environment, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
UNEP-MGCY, “Major Group for Children and Youth,” can be found under https://www.youthenvironment.org/, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
K. Ingold, M. Gschwend, West Eur. Polit. 2014, 37, 993-1018.
R. Pielke, Jr., “Five Modes of Science Engagement,” can be found under https://rogerpielkejr.blogspot.com/2015/01/five-modes-of-science-engagement.html, 2015 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
H. H. Johnson, M. D. Johnson, J. Manag. Psychol. 2017, 32, 89-103.
M. Ekayani, D. R. Nurrochmat, D. Darusman, For. Policy Econ. 2016, 68, 22-29.
A. H. Eagly, J. Soc. Issues 2016, 72, 199-222.
S. Richey, J. B. Taylor, Polit. Commun. 2012, 29, 414-427.
P. Ball, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2021, 12, 6336-6340.
J. M. Herbert, M. Head-Gordon, H. P. Hratchian, T. Head-Gordon, R. E. Amaro, A. Aspuru-Guzik, R. Hoffmann, C. A. Parish, C. M. Payne, T. Van Voorhis, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2022, 13, 7100-7104.
Y. R. Seger, Trends Immunol. 2015, 36, 663-665.
AAAS, “Science & Technology Policy Fellowship,” can be found under https://www.aaas.org/programs/science-technology-policy-fellowships/overview, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
M. Pulido-Salgado, F. A. Castaneda Mena, Front. Res. Metr. Anal. 2021, 6, 654191.
S. López-Vergès, L. Macías-Navarro, A. C. Hernández-Mondragón, E. Corrales-Aguilar, M. G. Soler, M. Guerra, Front. Res. Metr. Anal. 2021, 6, 664880.
IAI, “Science, Technology, Policy (STeP) Fellowship Program,” can be found under https://www.iai.int/en/step, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers, Scientific Advice for Policy Making: The Role and Responsibility of Expert Bodies and Individual Scientists, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2015, pp. 1-50.
L. L. Jacobsen, D. Olšáková, Ber. Wissenschaftsgesch. 2020, 43, 465-472.
T. Y. Maas, A. Pauwelussen, E. Turnhout, Humanit. Soc. Sci. Commun. 2022, 9, 93.
J. Wilsdon, Eur. J. Risk Regul. 2014, 5, 293-299.
JRC, “EU Science Hub,” can be found under https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en, 2020 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
K. Akerlof, C. Tyler, S. E. Foxen, E. Heath, M. Gual Soler, A. Allegra, E. T. Cloyd, J. A. Hird, S. M. Nelson, C. T. Nguyen, C. J. Gonnella, L. A. Berigan, C. R. Abeledo, T. A. Al-Yakoub, H. F. Andoh, L. dos Santos Boeira, P. van Boheemen, P. Cairney, R. Cook-Deegan, G. Costigan, M. Dhimal, M. H. Di Marco, D. Dube, A. Egbetokun, J. El Kharraz, L. E. Galindo, M. W. J. Ferguson, J. Franco, Z. Graves, E. Hayter, A. C. Hernández-Mondragón, A. D. Hobbs, K. L. Holden, C. IJsselmuiden, A. S. Jegede, S. B. Krstic, J. M. Mbonyintwali, S. D. Mengesha, T. Michalek, H. Nagano, M. Nentwich, A. Nouri, P. D. Ntale, O. M. Ogundele, J. T. Omenma, L. F. Pau, J. M. Peha, E. M. Prescott, I. Ramos-Vielba, R. Roberts, P. A. Sandifer, M. A. Saner, E. Sanganyado, M. Sanni, O. Santillán, D. D. Stine, M. L. Straf, P. Tangney, C. L. Washbourne, W. Winderickx, M. Yarime, Palgrave Commun. 2019, 5, 108.
J. Garard, L. Koch, M. Kowarsch, Palgrave Commun. 2018, 4, 129.
The Group of Chief Scientific Advisors, “Informing European Commission Policy Making with Scientific Evidence,” can be found under https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/d3d43012-5224-11ea-aece-01aa75ed71a1/language-en/format-PDF/source-138014209, 2020 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
C. Kenny, C. L. Washbourne, C. Tyler, J. J. Blackstock, Palgrave Commun. 2017, 3, 17030.
W. Pearce, M. Mahony, S. Raman, Environ. Sci. Policy 2018, 80, 125-131.
Y. Yamineva, Environ. Sci. Policy 2017, 77, 244-251.
UNCCD, “UNCCD Science-Policy Interface (SPI),” can be found under https://knowledge.unccd.int/science-policy-interface, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
Chapter 8, Engaging your in policy-making processes, in Evidence-Based Policy Making for Youth Well-Being. A Toolkit, OECD Development Policy Tools, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2017, pp. 1-164.
M. J. D'Agostino, A. Visser, Int. Public Manag. Rev. 2010, 11, 88-103.
S. Cerrato, V. Daelli, H. Pertot, O. Puccioni, Res. All 2018, 2, 313-322.
M. C. Willemsen, Tobacco Control Policy in the Netherlands, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2018, pp. 89-111.
H. Çamur, “Barriers to Young People's Active Participation and Role of Civil Society Institutions,” can be found under https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3811305, 2001 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
J. Earl, T. V. Maher, T. Elliott, Sociol. Compass 2017, 11, e12465.
A. C. Hernández-Mondragón, Nat. Hum. Behav. 2022, 6, 477-477.
E. D. Hetherington, A. A. Phillips, Front. Mar. Sci. 2020, 7, 409.
A. I. Krylov, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2021, 12, 5371-5376.
C. A. Urbina-Blanco, S. Z. Jilani, I. R. Speight, M. J. Bojdys, T. Friščić, J. F. Stoddart, T. L. Nelson, J. Mack, R. A. S. Robinson, E. A. Waddell, J. L. Lutkenhaus, M. Godfrey, M. I. Abboud, S. O. Aderinto, D. Aderohunmu, L. Bibič, J. Borges, V. M. Dong, L. Ferrins, F. M. Fung, T. John, F. P. L. Lim, S. L. Masters, D. Mambwe, P. Thordarson, M. Titirici, G. D. Tormet-González, M. M. Unterlass, A. Wadle, V. W.-W. Yam, Y. Yang, Nat. Chem. 2020, 12, 773-776.
M. W. Nielsen, C. W. Bloch, L. Schiebinger, Nat. Biomed. Eng. Nat. Hum. Behav. 2018, 2, 726-734.
F. J. Crosby, D. I. Cordova, J. Soc. Issues 1996, 52, 33-49.
H. Österblom, J. B. Jouffray, C. Folke, J. Rockström, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2017, 114, 9038-9043.
C. J. A. Macleod, K. L. Blackstock, P. M. Haygarth, Ecol. Soc. 2008, 13, 48.
D. Phillips in A Companion to the History of Science (Ed.: B. Lightman), John Wiley, Chichester, 2016, pp. 224-237.
K. Kaplan, Nature 2013, 502, 581-583.
INGSA, “The role of national academies in science advice to governments,” can be found under https://www.ingsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ROLE-of-ACADEMIES_Auckland-April-2017_final-report-1.pdf, 2017 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
M. R. Berenbaum, M. McNutt, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2020, 117, 3343-3344.
M. Cesa, I. Chao, M. Droescher, L. Ferrins, Z. Shuai, J. Garcia-Martinez, Chem. Int. 2022, 44, 34-37.
NASEM, “New Voices in Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,” can be found under https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/new-voices-in-sciences-engineering-and-medicine, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
EYCN, “European Young Chemists’ Network,” can be found under www.eycn.eu, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
GYA, “Global Young Academy,” can be found under https://globalyoungacademy.net/, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
YCC, “Younger Chemists Committee of the American Chemical Society,” can be found under https://acsycc.org/, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
TWAS Young Affiliate Network, “The World Academy of Sciences,” can be found under https://tyan.twas.org/, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
JCF GDCh, “German Young Chemists’ Network,” can be found under https://jcf.io/, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
A. Soldá, A. M. Rodríguez-García, Chem. Eur. J. 2020, 26, 9661-9664.
AGYA, “Arab-German Young Academy,” can be found under https://agya.info/agya-life/key-activities, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
CAS YIPA, “Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Innovation Promotion Association,” can be found under http://www.yicas.cn/, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
A. Bankston, S. M. Davis, E. Moore, C. A. Niziolek, V. Boudreau, eLife 2020, 9, e60829.
IAP, “Improving Scientific Input to Global Policymaking: with a focus on the UN Sustainable Development Goals,” can be found under https://www.interacademies.org/publication/improving-scientific-input-global-policymaking-focus-un-sustainable-development-goals, 2019 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
E. Bálint, D. Csuka, V. Venglovecz, G. Schlosser, Z. Lázár, E. Gselmann, D. Alpár, K. Solymosi, Nature 2021, 594, 599-601.
V. Ter Meulen, G. Stock, Science 2010, 330, 1455.
ASSAf, “Academy of Science of South Africa,” can be found under https://www.assaf.org.za, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
International Science Council, “An invitation for eligible Young Academies and Associations to join the International Science Council as Affiliated Members,” can be found under https://council.science/young-membership/, 2023 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
E. G. Teich, J. Z. Kim, C. W. Lynn, S. C. Simon, A. A. Klishin, K. P. Szymula, P. Srivastava, L. C. Bassett, P. Zurn, J. D. Dworkin, D. S. Bassett, Nat. Phys. 2022, 18, 1161-1170.
A. C. Morgan, N. LaBerge, D. B. Larremore, M. Galesic, J. E. Brand, A. Clauset, Nat. Hum. Behav. 2022, 6, 1625-1633.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in the United States: A Focus on Six Impacts,” can be found under https://www.epa.gov/cira/technical-appendices-and-data, 2021 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
K. E. Cordova, O. M. Yaghi, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 1552-1560.
J. García-Martínez, Chem. Eur. J. 2021, 27, 13664-13668.
Knowledge4Innovation, “The Role of Early-Career Professionals in Driving Sustainable Innovation,” can be found under https://www.knowledge4innovation.eu/events/the-role-of-early-career-professionals-in-driving-sustainable-innovation/, 2020 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
C. Patinha Caldeira, R. Farcal, C. Moretti, L. Mancini, H. Rauscher, K. Rasmussen, J. Riego Sintes, S. Sala, “Safe and Sustainable by Design chemicals and materials Review of safety and sustainability dimensions, aspects, methods, indicators, and tools,” can be found under https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC127109, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
IYCN, “International Younger Chemists Network,” can be found under https://www.iycnglobal.com, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
B. Mourant, L. Ferrins, S. Carenco, N. LaFranzo, C. M. Rawlins, Chem. Int. 2020, 42, 16-19.
IYBSSD2022, “Researchers, experts discuss ‘UN SDGs for the Benefit of Society,’” can be found under https://www.iybssd2022.org/en/researchers-experts-discuss-un-sdgs-for-the-benefit-of-society/, 2021 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
IUPAC and IYCN, “Global Conversation on Sustainability,” can be found under https://www.gcs-day.org, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
J. L. Vidal, J. Borges, Chem. Int. 2023, 45, 10-16.
C. Sotério, J. Borges, J. G. Martínez, Chem. Int. 2022, 44, 39-45.
R. Kassen, Nature 2011, 480, 153.
M. Wang, C. Green, Z. Wang, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2022, 56, 17506-17509.
J. Rosen, Nature 2018, 560, 671-673.
L. Laursen, Nature 2018, 562, S64.
NSPN, “National Science Policy Network,” can be found under https://www.scipolnetwork.org, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
NSPN, “Professional development fund,” can be found under https://www.scipolnetwork.org/funds, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
YASAS, “Young Academies Science Advice Structure,” can be found under https://yacadeuro.org/yasas/, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
SAPEA, “YASAS is joining the SAPEA project,” can be found under https://sapea.info/yasas-is-joining-the-sapea-project/, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
M. Holford, T. Oni, “Diplomacy for Scientists,” can be found under https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/diplomacy-for-scientists/, 2018 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
S. Guerra, D. Pomeroy, R. J. Heustis, “Science policy careers for PhD-trained scientists,” can be found under https://sci.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/SCI-Science-Policy-Careers-Report-June-2020.pdf, 2020 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
J. C. Mauduit, M. Gual Soler, Front. Educ. 2020, 5, 138.
J. Pearl, K. Gareis, “A Retrospective Evaluation of the STPF Program,” can be found under https://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/2020-07/STPF Evaluation Presentation PDF.pdf, 2020 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
AAAS, “Catalyzing Advocacy in Science and Engineering Workshop,” can be found under https://www.aaas.org/programs/catalyzing-advocacy-in-science-and-engineering, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
AAAS, “AAAS-TWAS Course on Science Diplomacy,” can be found under https://www.aaas.org/events/2022-aaas-twas-course-science-diplomacy, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
Office of the Chief Scientist, “Australian Science Policy Fellowship Program,” can be found under https://www.chiefscientist.gov.au/australian-science-policy-fellowship-program, 2023 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
NASEM, “The Christine Mirzayan Science & Technology Policy Graduate Fellowship Program,” can be found under https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/the-christine-mirzayan-science-technology-policy-graduate-fellowship-program, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
JRC, “Collaborative Doctoral Partnership programme,” can be found under https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/working-us/collaborative-doctoral-partnership-programme_en, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
GESDA, “Science Diplomacy Week,” can be found under https://gesda.global/science-diplomacy-week/, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
Meridian, “Announcing Diplomatic Skills Training Course For Young Scientists,” can be found under https://www.meridian.org/news/press-release-announcing-diplomatic-skills-training-course-for-young-scientists/, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
NSPN, “Science Diplomacy Fellowship,” can be found under https://www.scipolnetwork.org/scideal, 2023 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
NSPN, “SciPol Scholars-in-Residence Program,” can be found under https://www.scipolnetwork.org/spsr, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
InnSciDSP, “São Paulo Innovation and Science Diplomacy School,” can be found under https://2022.innscidsp.com/about/, 2022 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
S. J. Chamberlin, J. McCall, J. Thompson, “Science Policy: A Guide to Policy Careers for Scientists,” can be found under https://ccst.us/reports/science-policy-a-career-guide-to-policy-careers-for-scientists/, 2020 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
M. Holford, R. W. Nichols, “The Challenge of Building Science Diplomacy Capabilities for Early Career Academic Investigators,” can be found under http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/perspective/2018/EACIs, 2017 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).
M. Woolley, J. Luray, S. Ackerman, “Modernizing the Relationship between Scientists and the Public,” can be found under https://www.dayoneproject.org/ideas/modernizing-the-relationship-between-scientists-and-the-public/, 2020 (accessed 20 Apr 2023).

Auteurs

Torsten John (T)

Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

Kyle E Cordova (KE)

Materials Discovery Research Unit, Advanced Research Centre, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, 11941, Jordan.

Christopher T Jackson (CT)

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Alma C Hernández-Mondragón (AC)

Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico.

Bianca L Davids (BL)

School of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Lovish Raheja (L)

TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India.

Jovana V Milić (JV)

Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.

João Borges (J)

CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH