Giants of the Amazon: How does environmental variation drive the diversity patterns of large trees?
big trees
diversity map
forest ecology
forest inventory
remote sensing
species richness
Journal
Global change biology
ISSN: 1365-2486
Titre abrégé: Glob Chang Biol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9888746
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2023
09 2023
Historique:
revised:
13
04
2023
received:
22
10
2022
accepted:
02
06
2023
medline:
2
8
2023
pubmed:
30
6
2023
entrez:
30
6
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
For more than three decades, major efforts in sampling and analyzing tree diversity in South America have focused almost exclusively on trees with stems of at least 10 and 2.5 cm diameter, showing highest species diversity in the wetter western and northern Amazon forests. By contrast, little attention has been paid to patterns and drivers of diversity in the largest canopy and emergent trees, which is surprising given these have dominant ecological functions. Here, we use a machine learning approach to quantify the importance of environmental factors and apply it to generate spatial predictions of the species diversity of all trees (dbh ≥ 10 cm) and for very large trees (dbh ≥ 70 cm) using data from 243 forest plots (108,450 trees and 2832 species) distributed across different forest types and biogeographic regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The diversity of large trees and of all trees was significantly associated with three environmental factors, but in contrasting ways across regions and forest types. Environmental variables associated with disturbances, for example, the lightning flash rate and wind speed, as well as the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, tend to govern the diversity of large trees. Upland rainforests in the Guiana Shield and Roraima regions had a high diversity of large trees. By contrast, variables associated with resources tend to govern tree diversity in general. Places such as the province of Imeri and the northern portion of the province of Madeira stand out for their high diversity of species in general. Climatic and topographic stability and functional adaptation mechanisms promote ideal conditions for species diversity. Finally, we mapped general patterns of tree species diversity in the Brazilian Amazon, which differ substantially depending on size class.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
4861-4879Subventions
Organisme : Amazon Fund
ID : 14.2.0929.1
Organisme : Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
ID : 403297/2016-8
Organisme : Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
ID : 301661/2019-7
Organisme : Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
ID : 550467/2010-6
Organisme : Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
ID : 301432/2022-8
Organisme : Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Organisme : Universidade do Estado do Amapá
ID : 0022.0279.1202.0018/2021
Informations de copyright
© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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