Long Saphenous Vein Harvesting: Reviewing Various Techniques.


Journal

Cardiology in review
ISSN: 1538-4683
Titre abrégé: Cardiol Rev
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9304686

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
03 Jul 2023
Historique:
medline: 3 7 2023
pubmed: 3 7 2023
entrez: 3 7 2023
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the Western world. Thus, coronary artery bypass graft is the most common cardiac procedure performed as it remains the gold standard for multiple vessel disease and left main disease. Long saphenous vein is the conduit of choice for coronary artery bypass graft as it is accessible and easy to harvest. Over the previous 4 decades, several techniques have emerged to optimize harvesting and reducing adverse clinical outcomes. The most cited techniques are open vein harvesting, no-touch technique, endoscopic vein harvesting, and standard bridging technique. In this literature review, we aim to summarize current literature for each of the 4 techniques in terms of: (A) graft patency and attrition, (B) myocardial infarction and revascularization, (C) wound infections, (D) postoperative pain, and (E) patient satisfaction.

Identifiants

pubmed: 37395590
doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000580
pii: 00045415-990000000-00122
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Disclosure: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.

Références

Caliskan E, de Souza DR, Böning A, et al. Saphenous vein grafts in contemporary coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020;17:155–169.
Vuong NL, Elfaituri MK, Eldoadoa M, et al. Saphenous vein harvesting techniques for coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Coron Artery Dis. 2022;33:128–136.
Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery in Great Britain and Ireland. National Adult Cardiac Surgery Audir 2020 Summary report (NACSA). 2022. https://www.nicor.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/NACSA_2022-FINAL.pdf. Accessed August 24, 2022.
Zingaro C, Cefarelli M, Berretta P, et al. Endoscopic vein-graft harvesting in coronary artery bypass surgery: tips and tricks. Multimed Man Cardiothorac Surg. 2019;2019.
Harky A, MacCarthy-Ofosu B, Grafton-Clarke C, et al. Long saphenous vein harvesting techniques and their effect on graft patency. J Card Surg. 2019;34:821–828.
Inaba Y, Yamazaki M, Ohono M, et al. No-touch saphenous vein graft harvesting technique for coronary artery bypass grafting. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020;68:248–253.
Raja SG, Sarang Z. Endoscopic vein harvesting: technique, outcomes, concerns & controversies. J Thorac Dis. 2013;5(suppl 6):S630–S637.
Durko AP, Thujis DJFM, Mahtab EAF, et al. Multimedia Manual of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2018. Available at: https://mmcts.org/tutorial/915. Accessed August 24, 2022.
Tian M, Wang X, Sun H, et al. No-touch versus conventional vein harvesting techniques at 12 months after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: multicenter randomized, controlled trial. Circulation. 2021;144:1120–1129.
Sen O, Gonca S, Solakoglu S, et al. Comparison of conventional and no-touch techniques in harvesting saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting in view of endothelial damage. Heart Surg Forum. 2013;16:177.
Milutinović A, Zorc-Pleskovič R. Endothelial loss during the surgical procedure in saphenous veins harvested by open and endoscopic techniques in coronary artery bypass surgery. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2020;20:451–458.
Manninen HI, Jaakkola P, Suhonen M, et al. Angiographic predictors of graft patency and disease progression after coronary artery bypass grafting with arterial and venous grafts. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;66:1289–1294.
Sastry P, Rivinius R, Harvey R, et al. The influence of endoscopic vein harvesting on outcomes after coronary bypass grafting: a meta-analysis of 267 525 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;44:980–989.
Williams JB, Peterson ED, Brennan JM, et al. Association between endoscopic vs open vein-graft harvesting and mortality, wound complications, and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing CABG surgery. JAMA. 2012;308:475–484.
Hassoun-Kheir N, Hasid I, Bozhko M, et al. Risk factors for limb surgical site infection following coronary artery bypass graft using open great saphenous vein harvesting: a retrospective cohort study. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2018;27:530–535.
Zenati MA, Bhatt DL, Bakaeen FG, et al.; REGROUP Trial Investigators. Randomized trial of endoscopic or open vein-graft harvesting for coronary-artery bypass. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:132–141.
Kiaii B, Moon BC, Massel D, et al. A prospective randomized trial of endoscopic versus conventional harvesting of the saphenous vein in coronary artery bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;123:204–212.
Siddiqi MS. Saphenous vein harvest wound complications: risk factors, identification, prevention, and management. Chronic Wound Care Manag Res. 2016;3:147–156.
Kroeze VJ, Lam KY, van Straten AHM, et al. Benefits of endoscopic vein harvesting in coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 2019;108:1793–1799.
Salsano A, Mariscalco G, Santini F. Endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting and surgical site infections after coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Transl Med. 2018;6:S37.
Krishnamoorthy B, Critchley WR, Glover AT, et al. A randomized study comparing three groups of vein harvesting methods for coronary artery bypass grafting: endoscopic harvest versus standard bridging and open techniques. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012;15:224–228.
Black EA, Karen Campbell RN, Channon KM, et al. Minimally invasive vein harvesting significantly reduces pain and wound morbidity. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002;22:381–386.
Puskas JD, Wright CE, Miller PK, et al. A randomized trial of endoscopic versus open saphenous vein harvest in coronary bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:1509–1512.
Mubarak Y, Abdeljawad A. Leg wound complications: a comparison between endoscopic and open saphenous vein harvesting techniques. Heart Surg Forum. 2021;24:E604–E610.
Kirmani BH, Power S, Zacharias J. Long-term survival after endoscopic vein harvest for coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2020;102:422–428.
Aranki SF, Shopnick B. Demise of open vein harvesting. Circulation. 2011;123:127–128.
Souza DS, Arbeus M, Botelho Pinheiro B, et al. The No-Touch Technique of Harvesting the Saphenous Vein for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery. MMCTS: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2009. Available at: https://mmcts.org/tutorial/759. Accessed August 28, 2022.
Papakonstantinou NA, Baikoussis NG, Goudevenos J, et al. Novel no touch technique of saphenous vein harvesting: is great graft patency rate provided? Ann Card Anaesth. 2016;19:481–488.
Souza DSR, Arbeus M, Botelho Pinheiro B, et al. The No-Touch Technique of Harvesting the Saphenous Vein for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery. Multimedia Manual of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2009. Available at: https://mmcts.org/tutorial/759. Accessed August 15, 2022.
Dreifaldt M, Mannion JD, Geijer H, et al. The no-touch saphenous vein is an excellent alternative conduit to the radial artery 8 years after coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;161:624–630.
Samano N, Souza D, Botelho Pinheiro B, et al. Twenty-five years of no-touch saphenous vein harvesting for coronary artery bypass grafting: structural observations and impact on graft performance. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2020;35:91–99.
Deb S, Singh SK, de Souza D, et al.; SUPERIOR SVG Study Investigators. SUPERIOR SVG: no touch saphenous harvesting to improve patency following coronary bypass grafting (a multi-centre randomized control trial, NCT01047449). J Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;14:85.
Kopjar T, Pinheiro BB, Dashwood MR. No-touch saphenous vein graft harvesting to maintain the success of CABG: comments on the SUPERIOR SVG trial. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2020;35:597–599.
Johansson B, Samano N, Souza D, et al. The no-touch vein graft for coronary artery bypass surgery preserves the left ventricular ejection fraction at 16 years postoperatively: long-term data from a longitudinal randomised trial. Open Heart. 2015;2:e000204.
Johansson BL, Souza DSR, Bodin L, et al. Slower progression of atherosclerosis in vein grafts harvested with “no touch” technique compared with conventional harvesting technique in coronary artery bypass grafting: an angiographic and intravascular ultrasound study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010;38:414–419.
Pinheiro BB, Dashwood M, Souza DSR. The “no-touch” harvesting technique revives the position of the saphenous vein as an important conduit in CABG surgery: 30-year anniversary. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;36:I–III.
Shahian DM, O’Brien SM, Filardo G, et al.; Society of Thoracic Surgeons Quality Measurement Task Force. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2008 cardiac surgery risk models: part 1--coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;88:S2–S22.
Soni MK, Williams L, Raja SG. Use of endoscopic vein harvesting (EVH) during coronary artery bypass grafting in United Kingdom: the EVH survey. Int J Surg. 2019;69:146–151.
Lopes RD, Hafley GE, Allen KB, et al. Endoscopic versus open vein-graft harvesting in coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:235–244.
Suarez-Pierre A, Terasaki Y, Magruder JT, et al. Complications of CO(2) insufflation during endoscopic vein harvesting. J Card Surg. 2017;32:783–789.
Kawabori M, Kinford C, Ortoleva J, et al. Cardiac arrest from massive carbon dioxide embolism during endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting. JTCVS Tech. 2020;3:183–185.
Chiu KM, Chen CL, Chu SH, et al. Endoscopic harvest of saphenous vein: a lesson learned from 1,348 cases. Surg Endosc. 2008;22:183–187.
Lin TY, Chiu KM, Wang MJ, et al. Carbon dioxide embolism during endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting in coronary artery bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126:2011–2015.
Brown EN, Kon ZN, Tran R, et al. Strategies to reduce intraluminal clot formation in endoscopically harvested saphenous veins. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;134:1259–1265.
Bisleri G, Muneretto C. Letter by Bisleri and Muneretto regarding article, “Saphenous Vein Graft Failure After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: insights from PREVENT IV”. Circulation. 2015;132:e28.
Puskas JD, Halkos ME, Balkhy H, et al.; EPIC Trial Investigators. Evaluation of the PAS-port proximal anastomosis system in coronary artery bypass surgery (the EPIC trial). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;138:125–132.
Zenati MA, Shroyer AL, Collins JF, et al. Impact of endoscopic versus open saphenous vein harvest technique on late coronary artery bypass grafting patient outcomes in the ROOBY (Randomized On/Off Bypass) trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;141:338–344.
Kodia K, Patel S, Weber MP, et al. Graft patency after open versus endoscopic saphenous vein harvest in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2018;7:586–597.
Akowuah E, Burns D, Zacharias J, et al. Endoscopic vein harvesting. J Thorac Dis. 2021;13:1899–1908.
Krishnamoorthy B, Zacharias J, Critchley WR, et al. A multicentre review comparing long term outcomes of endoscopic vein harvesting versus open vein harvesting for coronary artery bypass surgery [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]. NIHR Open Res. 2021;1:11.
Ferdinand FD, MacDonald JK, Balkhy HH, et al. Endoscopic conduit harvest in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: an ISMICS systematic review and consensus conference statements. Innovations (Phila). 2017;12:301–319.
Dacey LJ, Braxton JH Jr, Kramer RS, et al.; Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group. Long-term outcomes of endoscopic vein harvesting after coronary artery bypass grafting. Circulation. 2011;123:147–153.
Athanasiou T, Aziz O, Al-Ruzzeh S, et al. Are wound healing disturbances and length of hospital stay reduced with minimally invasive vein harvest? A meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004;26:1015–1026.
Reed JF 3rd. Leg wound infections following greater saphenous vein harvesting: minimally invasive vein harvesting versus conventional vein harvesting. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2008;7:210–219.
Li G, Zhang Y, Wu Z, et al. Mid-term and long-term outcomes of endoscopic versus open vein harvesting for coronary artery bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2019;72:167–173.
Neumann FJ, Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A, et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J. 2019;40:87–165.
Elbassioni AAM, Amr MA, Hassan HS, et al. Bridging saphenous vein harvesting versus conventional techniques in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in Suez Canal University Hospital. J Egypt Soc Cardio-Thorac Surg. 2017;25:210–216.
Black EA, Guzik TJ, West NE, et al. Minimally invasive saphenous vein harvesting: effects on endothelial and smooth muscle function. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71:1503–1507.
Cook RC, Crowley CM, Hayden R, et al. Traction injury during minimally invasive harvesting of the saphenous vein is associated with impaired endothelial function. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;127:65–71.
Mahmood Z, Al Benna S, Nkere U, et al. Decreased morbidity following long saphenous vein harvesting using a minimally invasive technique: a randomised controlled trial comparing two techniques for long saphenous vein harvest. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006;1:15.
Aziz O, Athanasiou T, Darzi A. Minimally invasive conduit harvesting: a systematic review. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006;29:324–333.

Auteurs

Momna Sajjad Raja (MS)

From the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Kettering General Hospital, Kettering, United Kingdom.

Bea Duric (B)

Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.

Arwa Khashkhusha (A)

University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Hannah Abbasi (H)

Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Kartik Goyal (K)

University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Amer Harky (A)

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Classifications MeSH