Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Based Nanoniosome for Enhanced in vitro Delivery and Anticancer Activity of Thymol.
apoptosis
cancerous cell lines
herbal anticancer drug
niosome
pH-dependent release
polyvinyl alcohol
thymol
Journal
International journal of nanomedicine
ISSN: 1178-2013
Titre abrégé: Int J Nanomedicine
Pays: New Zealand
ID NLM: 101263847
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
received:
29
01
2023
accepted:
21
06
2023
medline:
5
7
2023
pubmed:
3
7
2023
entrez:
3
7
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
There is an unmet need to develop potent therapeutics against cancer with minimal side effects and systemic toxicity. Thymol (TH) is an herbal medicine with anti-cancer properties that has been investigated scientifically. This study shows that TH induces apoptosis in cancerous cell lines such as MCF-7, AGS, and HepG2. Furthermore, this study reveals that TH can be encapsulated in a Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-coated niosome (Nio-TH/PVA) to enhance its stability and enable its controlled release as a model drug in the cancerous region. TH-loaded niosome (Nio-TH) was fabricated and optimized using Box-Behnken method and the size, polydispersity index (PDI) and entrapment efficiency (EE) were characterized by employing DLS, TEM and SEM, respectively. Additionally, in vitro drug release and kinetic studies were performed. Cytotoxicity, antiproliferative activity, and the mechanism were assessed by MTT assay, quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometry, cell cycle, caspase activity evaluation, reactive oxygen species investigation, and cell migration assays. This study demonstrated the exceptional stability of Nio-TH/PVA at 4 °C for two months and its pH-dependent release profile. It also showed its high toxicity on cancerous cell lines and high compatibility with HFF cells. It revealed the modulation of Caspase-3/Caspase-9, MMP-2/MMP-9 and Cyclin D/ Cyclin E genes by Nio-TH/PVA on the studied cell lines. It confirmed the induction of apoptosis by Nio-TH/PVA in flow cytometry, caspase activity, ROS level, and DAPI staining assays. It also verified the inhibition of metastasis by Nio-TH/PVA in migration assays. Overall, the results of this study revealed that Nio-TH/PVA may effectively transport hydrophobic drugs to cancer cells with a controlled-release profile to induce apoptosis while exhibiting no detectable side effects due to their biocompatibility with normal cells.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37396433
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S401725
pii: 401725
pmc: PMC10314792
doi:
Substances chimiques
Polyvinyl Alcohol
9002-89-5
Thymol
3J50XA376E
Liposomes
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3459-3488Informations de copyright
© 2023 Abdihaji et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in this work.
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