Comparison of Effects of Stress and Midazolam on Retrograde and Anterograde Amnesia in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia.
Anterograde Amnesia
General Anesthesia
Midazolam
Retrograde Amnesia
Stress
Journal
Anesthesiology and pain medicine
ISSN: 2228-7531
Titre abrégé: Anesth Pain Med
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 101585412
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Feb 2023
Feb 2023
Historique:
received:
18
12
2022
revised:
23
01
2023
accepted:
24
01
2023
medline:
5
7
2023
pubmed:
5
7
2023
entrez:
5
7
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The identification of different factors affecting anesthesia and physiological changes during anesthesia can be effective in improving the quality of anesthesia. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine that has been used for many years for sedation under anesthesia. Stress is also an important factor affecting memory and other physiological changes, such as blood pressure and heart rate. his study aimed to investigate the effects of stress on retrograde and anterograde amnesia among patients undergoing general anesthesia. This multi-center, parallel, stratified, randomized controlled trial was performed on patients undergoing non-emergency abdominal laparotomy. The patients were divided into high- and low-stress groups according to the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale. Then, both groups were randomly divided into three subgroups receiving 0, 0.02, or 0.04 mg/kg of midazolam. Recall cards were shown to patients at 4 minutes, 2 minutes, and immediately before injection to determine retrograde amnesia and at 2 minutes, 4 minutes, and 6 minutes after injection to determine anterograde amnesia. Hemodynamic changes were recorded during intubation. The chi-square and multiple regression tests were used to analyze the data. Midazolam injection was associated with the development of anterograde amnesia in all groups (P < 0.05); however, it had no effect on the development of retrograde amnesia (P < 0.05). Midazolam could decrease the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate during intubation (P < 0.05). Stress also caused retrograde amnesia in patients (P < 0.05); nevertheless, it had no effect on anterograde amnesia (P > 0.05). Stress and midazolam injection could not affect the oxygen levels during intubation. The results showed that midazolam injection could induce anterograde amnesia, hypotension, and heart rate; nonetheless, it had no effect on retrograde amnesia. Stress was associated with retrograde amnesia and increased heart rate; however, it was not associated with anterograde amnesia.
Sections du résumé
Background
UNASSIGNED
The identification of different factors affecting anesthesia and physiological changes during anesthesia can be effective in improving the quality of anesthesia. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine that has been used for many years for sedation under anesthesia. Stress is also an important factor affecting memory and other physiological changes, such as blood pressure and heart rate.
Objectives
UNASSIGNED
his study aimed to investigate the effects of stress on retrograde and anterograde amnesia among patients undergoing general anesthesia.
Methods
UNASSIGNED
This multi-center, parallel, stratified, randomized controlled trial was performed on patients undergoing non-emergency abdominal laparotomy. The patients were divided into high- and low-stress groups according to the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale. Then, both groups were randomly divided into three subgroups receiving 0, 0.02, or 0.04 mg/kg of midazolam. Recall cards were shown to patients at 4 minutes, 2 minutes, and immediately before injection to determine retrograde amnesia and at 2 minutes, 4 minutes, and 6 minutes after injection to determine anterograde amnesia. Hemodynamic changes were recorded during intubation. The chi-square and multiple regression tests were used to analyze the data.
Results
UNASSIGNED
Midazolam injection was associated with the development of anterograde amnesia in all groups (P < 0.05); however, it had no effect on the development of retrograde amnesia (P < 0.05). Midazolam could decrease the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate during intubation (P < 0.05). Stress also caused retrograde amnesia in patients (P < 0.05); nevertheless, it had no effect on anterograde amnesia (P > 0.05). Stress and midazolam injection could not affect the oxygen levels during intubation.
Conclusions
UNASSIGNED
The results showed that midazolam injection could induce anterograde amnesia, hypotension, and heart rate; nonetheless, it had no effect on retrograde amnesia. Stress was associated with retrograde amnesia and increased heart rate; however, it was not associated with anterograde amnesia.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37404263
doi: 10.5812/aapm-134300
pmc: PMC10317029
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
e134300Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023, Author(s).
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Conflict of Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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