Childhood and adolescent cancer in Germany - an overview.
ADOLESCENTS
CANCER
CHILDREN
EPIDEMIOLOGY
GERMANY
LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP
PROGNOSIS
Journal
Journal of health monitoring
ISSN: 2511-2708
Titre abrégé: J Health Monit
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101757730
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jun 2023
Jun 2023
Historique:
received:
15
12
2022
accepted:
21
03
2023
medline:
6
7
2023
pubmed:
6
7
2023
entrez:
6
7
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Childhood and adolescent cancer constitutes only a very small fraction of the cancer cases in Germany and throughout the world, but it is the most frequent cause of disease-related death in children. The diagnostic spectrum differs markedly from that of adults. More than 90% of all cases of childhood and adolescent cancer in Germany are treated according to centralised protocols or in therapy studies. The main epidemiological data for this group are collected by the German Childhood Cancer Registry (GCCR) since 1980. Based on this data, three typical diagnoses and their incidence and prognosis are described in exemplary manner: Lymphoid leukaemia (LL), astrocytoma and neuroblastoma. Approximately 2,250 new cancers are diagnosed in children and adolescents under the age of 18 in Germany every year. In this age group, leukaemia and lymphoma account for almost 50% of all new cancer cases, predominately acute forms. Overall, the prognosis is considerably better than in adults. There is relatively little consistent evidence available on external factors as risk factors for childhood cancer, despite decades of research. For LL, the immune system and infections are assumed to play a role, as early training of the immune system appears to be protective. To an increasing degree, research is identifying genetic risk factors for many types of childhood and adolescent cancer. The therapy is sometimes very intensive and leads to a variety of late effects for at least 75% of the survivors, which may occur soon after the primary diagnosis, but also decades later.
Sections du résumé
Background
UNASSIGNED
Childhood and adolescent cancer constitutes only a very small fraction of the cancer cases in Germany and throughout the world, but it is the most frequent cause of disease-related death in children. The diagnostic spectrum differs markedly from that of adults. More than 90% of all cases of childhood and adolescent cancer in Germany are treated according to centralised protocols or in therapy studies.
Methods
UNASSIGNED
The main epidemiological data for this group are collected by the German Childhood Cancer Registry (GCCR) since 1980. Based on this data, three typical diagnoses and their incidence and prognosis are described in exemplary manner: Lymphoid leukaemia (LL), astrocytoma and neuroblastoma.
Results
UNASSIGNED
Approximately 2,250 new cancers are diagnosed in children and adolescents under the age of 18 in Germany every year. In this age group, leukaemia and lymphoma account for almost 50% of all new cancer cases, predominately acute forms. Overall, the prognosis is considerably better than in adults.
Conclusions
UNASSIGNED
There is relatively little consistent evidence available on external factors as risk factors for childhood cancer, despite decades of research. For LL, the immune system and infections are assumed to play a role, as early training of the immune system appears to be protective. To an increasing degree, research is identifying genetic risk factors for many types of childhood and adolescent cancer. The therapy is sometimes very intensive and leads to a variety of late effects for at least 75% of the survivors, which may occur soon after the primary diagnosis, but also decades later.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37408714
doi: 10.25646/11438
pmc: PMC10318562
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
79-94Informations de copyright
© Robert Koch Institute. All rights reserved unless explicitly granted.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Conflicts of Interest The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
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