Prior Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and the Risk of Herpes Zoster.
Herpes simplex virus
T cell cross-reactivity
herpes zoster
varicella-zoster virus
Journal
The Journal of infectious diseases
ISSN: 1537-6613
Titre abrégé: J Infect Dis
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0413675
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 Jul 2023
06 Jul 2023
Historique:
received:
04
01
2023
revised:
22
06
2023
accepted:
05
07
2023
medline:
6
7
2023
pubmed:
6
7
2023
entrez:
6
7
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
The incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) has increased in the United States concurrent with decrease in herpes simplex virus (HSV) prevalence. We hypothesized that lack of HSV-elicited cross-reactive immunity to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) results in an increased risk of HZ. Using specimens from the placebo arm of the Shingles Prevention Study, we investigated whether persons who develop HZ are less likely to have prior HSV infection than persons who do not develop HZ, and whether HZ is less severe in persons with HSV than in HSV seronegative persons. We conducted a nested case-control (1:2) study comparing the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in cases (persons with PCR-confirmed HZ) to age-, sex- and health-matched controls (persons without HZ). Sera from 639 study participants (213 cases and 426 controls) yielded definitive HSV antibody results and were analyzed. Overall, HSV seropositivity rate was 75%. HSV seronegativity was significantly higher in HZ cases than controls (30.5% vs 22.3%; P = .024), with a 55% higher risk of HZ in HSV seronegative than HSV seropositive participants. HSV seropositivity was associated with more severe HZ (P = .021). Our study demonstrated that prior infection with HSV partly protects against HZ.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) has increased in the United States concurrent with decrease in herpes simplex virus (HSV) prevalence. We hypothesized that lack of HSV-elicited cross-reactive immunity to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) results in an increased risk of HZ. Using specimens from the placebo arm of the Shingles Prevention Study, we investigated whether persons who develop HZ are less likely to have prior HSV infection than persons who do not develop HZ, and whether HZ is less severe in persons with HSV than in HSV seronegative persons.
METHODS
METHODS
We conducted a nested case-control (1:2) study comparing the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in cases (persons with PCR-confirmed HZ) to age-, sex- and health-matched controls (persons without HZ).
RESULTS
RESULTS
Sera from 639 study participants (213 cases and 426 controls) yielded definitive HSV antibody results and were analyzed. Overall, HSV seropositivity rate was 75%. HSV seronegativity was significantly higher in HZ cases than controls (30.5% vs 22.3%; P = .024), with a 55% higher risk of HZ in HSV seronegative than HSV seropositive participants. HSV seropositivity was associated with more severe HZ (P = .021).
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrated that prior infection with HSV partly protects against HZ.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37410908
pii: 7220669
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad259
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.