Pulsed electrolysis - explained.

Lately, there has been high interest in electrolysis under dynamic conditions, the so-called pulsed electrolysis. Different studies have shown that in pulsed electrolysis, selectivity towards certain products can be improved compared to steady-state operation. Many groups also demonstrated that the selectivity can be tuned by selection of pulsing profile, potential limits, as well as frequency of the change. To explain the origin of this improvement, some modeling studies have been performed. However, it seems that a theoretical framework to study this effect is still missing. In the present contribution, we suggest a theoretical framework of nonlinear frequency response analysis for the evaluation of the process improvement under pulsed electrolysis conditions. Of special interest is the DC component, which determines how much the mean output value under dynamic conditions will be different from the value under steady-state conditions. Therefore, the DC component can be considered as a measure of process improvement under dynamic conditions compared to the steady-state operation. We show that the DC component is directly dependent on nonlinearities of the electrochemical process and demonstrate how this DC component can be calculated theoretically as well as how it can be obtained from measurements.