[Health-related quality of life in chronic otitis media-measurement methods and their application in surgical therapy].
Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität bei der chronischen Otitis media – Messmethoden und deren Anwendung bei chirurgischen Therapien.
Cholesteatoma
Health care outcome assessment
Operative surgical procedures
Patient-reported outcome measure
Tympanic membrane perforation
Journal
HNO
ISSN: 1433-0458
Titre abrégé: HNO
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 2985099R
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2023
Sep 2023
Historique:
accepted:
24
04
2023
medline:
29
8
2023
pubmed:
9
7
2023
entrez:
8
7
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Chronic otitis media (COM) can lead to significant impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) due to symptoms such as otorrhea, pain, hearing loss, tinnitus, or dizziness. A systematic assessment of HRQoL in COM is becoming increasingly important as it complements (semi-)objective outcome parameters in clinical practice and research. HRQoL is measured by means of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). There are two disease-specific validated PROMs available for COM in German-the Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test (COMOT-15) and the Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21)-which have become increasingly popular in recent years. The purpose of this narrative review is to present the current state of research on measuring HRQoL in COM before and after surgical procedures. Hearing is the most important factor influencing HRQoL in COM. Surgical procedures usually result in a clinically relevant improvement in HRQoL in COM with or without cholesteatoma. However, if cholesteatoma is present, its extent does not correlate with HRQoL. While HRQoL plays a secondary role in establishment of the indication for surgical therapy in COM with cholesteatoma, it plays an important role in terms of relative surgical indications, e.g., a symptomatic open mastoid cavity after resection of the posterior canal wall. We encourage the regular use of disease-specific PROMs preoperatively as well as during follow-up to assess HRQoL in COM in individual patients, in research, and in the context of quality monitoring. HINTERGRUND: Die chronische Otitis media (COM) kann durch Symptome wie Otorrhö, Schmerzen, Hörminderung, Tinnitus oder Schwindel zu einer erheblichen Beeinträchtigung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (Health-Related Quality of Life, HRQoL) führen. In den letzten Jahren entstand ein zunehmendes Interesse an der standardisierten Erhebung der HRQoL mit erkrankungsspezifischen Fragebögen (Patient-Reported Outcome Measure, PROM). Mit validierten PROM kann die HRQoL bei der COM systematisch gemessen werden und ergänzt so (semi)objektive Ergebnisparameter wie z. B. den audiometrisch erhobenen Hörverlust. Auf Deutsch existieren 2 erkrankungsspezifische validierte PROM für die COM, der Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test (COMOT-15) und das Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21), welche in den letzten Jahren zunehmende Verbreitung gefunden haben. Die vorliegende narrative Übersichtsarbeit zeigt den gegenwärtigen Stand der Untersuchung der HRQoL bei der COM und deren chirurgischen Therapien auf. Der wichtigste Einflussfaktor auf die HRQoL bei der COM ist das Hörvermögen. Durch eine chirurgische Therapie kommt es bei der COM mit oder ohne Cholesteatom i. d. R. zu einer klinisch relevanten Verbesserung der HRQoL. Im Fall einer COM mit Cholesteatom korreliert dessen Ausdehnung allerdings nicht mit der HRQoL. Während die HRQoL in der Indikationsstellung der chirurgischen Therapie bei einer COM mit Cholesteatom sekundär ist, spielt sie eine wichtige Rolle bei relativen Operationsindikationen, beispielsweise bei einer symptomatischen offenen Mastoidhöhle („Radikalhöhle“). Insgesamt sind präoperativ sowie während der Nachsorge regelmäßig angewendete erkrankungsspezifische PROM wichtige Instrumente zur Beurteilung von Therapien der COM sowohl beim einzelnen Patienten als auch in wissenschaftlichen Studien oder im Rahmen eines Qualitätsmonitorings.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Chronic otitis media (COM) can lead to significant impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) due to symptoms such as otorrhea, pain, hearing loss, tinnitus, or dizziness. A systematic assessment of HRQoL in COM is becoming increasingly important as it complements (semi-)objective outcome parameters in clinical practice and research. HRQoL is measured by means of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). There are two disease-specific validated PROMs available for COM in German-the Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test (COMOT-15) and the Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21)-which have become increasingly popular in recent years.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this narrative review is to present the current state of research on measuring HRQoL in COM before and after surgical procedures.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Hearing is the most important factor influencing HRQoL in COM. Surgical procedures usually result in a clinically relevant improvement in HRQoL in COM with or without cholesteatoma. However, if cholesteatoma is present, its extent does not correlate with HRQoL. While HRQoL plays a secondary role in establishment of the indication for surgical therapy in COM with cholesteatoma, it plays an important role in terms of relative surgical indications, e.g., a symptomatic open mastoid cavity after resection of the posterior canal wall. We encourage the regular use of disease-specific PROMs preoperatively as well as during follow-up to assess HRQoL in COM in individual patients, in research, and in the context of quality monitoring.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
UNASSIGNED
HINTERGRUND: Die chronische Otitis media (COM) kann durch Symptome wie Otorrhö, Schmerzen, Hörminderung, Tinnitus oder Schwindel zu einer erheblichen Beeinträchtigung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (Health-Related Quality of Life, HRQoL) führen. In den letzten Jahren entstand ein zunehmendes Interesse an der standardisierten Erhebung der HRQoL mit erkrankungsspezifischen Fragebögen (Patient-Reported Outcome Measure, PROM). Mit validierten PROM kann die HRQoL bei der COM systematisch gemessen werden und ergänzt so (semi)objektive Ergebnisparameter wie z. B. den audiometrisch erhobenen Hörverlust. Auf Deutsch existieren 2 erkrankungsspezifische validierte PROM für die COM, der Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test (COMOT-15) und das Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21), welche in den letzten Jahren zunehmende Verbreitung gefunden haben.
FRAGESTELLUNG
UNASSIGNED
Die vorliegende narrative Übersichtsarbeit zeigt den gegenwärtigen Stand der Untersuchung der HRQoL bei der COM und deren chirurgischen Therapien auf.
ERGEBNISSE UND SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG
UNASSIGNED
Der wichtigste Einflussfaktor auf die HRQoL bei der COM ist das Hörvermögen. Durch eine chirurgische Therapie kommt es bei der COM mit oder ohne Cholesteatom i. d. R. zu einer klinisch relevanten Verbesserung der HRQoL. Im Fall einer COM mit Cholesteatom korreliert dessen Ausdehnung allerdings nicht mit der HRQoL. Während die HRQoL in der Indikationsstellung der chirurgischen Therapie bei einer COM mit Cholesteatom sekundär ist, spielt sie eine wichtige Rolle bei relativen Operationsindikationen, beispielsweise bei einer symptomatischen offenen Mastoidhöhle („Radikalhöhle“). Insgesamt sind präoperativ sowie während der Nachsorge regelmäßig angewendete erkrankungsspezifische PROM wichtige Instrumente zur Beurteilung von Therapien der COM sowohl beim einzelnen Patienten als auch in wissenschaftlichen Studien oder im Rahmen eines Qualitätsmonitorings.
Autres résumés
Type: Publisher
(ger)
HINTERGRUND: Die chronische Otitis media (COM) kann durch Symptome wie Otorrhö, Schmerzen, Hörminderung, Tinnitus oder Schwindel zu einer erheblichen Beeinträchtigung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (Health-Related Quality of Life, HRQoL) führen. In den letzten Jahren entstand ein zunehmendes Interesse an der standardisierten Erhebung der HRQoL mit erkrankungsspezifischen Fragebögen (Patient-Reported Outcome Measure, PROM). Mit validierten PROM kann die HRQoL bei der COM systematisch gemessen werden und ergänzt so (semi)objektive Ergebnisparameter wie z. B. den audiometrisch erhobenen Hörverlust. Auf Deutsch existieren 2 erkrankungsspezifische validierte PROM für die COM, der Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test (COMOT-15) und das Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21), welche in den letzten Jahren zunehmende Verbreitung gefunden haben.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37422596
doi: 10.1007/s00106-023-01324-8
pii: 10.1007/s00106-023-01324-8
doi:
Types de publication
English Abstract
Journal Article
Review
Langues
ger
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
556-565Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.
Références
Alakärppä A, Alho O‑P (2012) Patient-recorded outcomes and quality of life in evidence-based medicine databases on most common ear, throat and nose procedures: a systematic review. Clin Otolaryngol 37:436–445. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.12048
doi: 10.1111/coa.12048
pubmed: 23140397
Bächinger D, Großmann W, Mlynski R, Weiss NM (2021) Characteristics of health-related quality of life in different types of chronic middle ear disease. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 278:3795–3800. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06487-6
doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06487-6
pubmed: 33242111
Bächinger D, Mlynski R, Weiss NM (2020) Establishing the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21) in patients treated for chronic middle ear disease. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 277:1039–1044. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-05819-w
doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05819-w
pubmed: 31989271
pmcid: 7072039
Bächinger D, Röösli C, Ditzen B et al (2016) Development and validation of the Zurich chronic middle ear inventory (ZCMEI-21): an electronic questionnaire for assessing quality of life in patients with chronic otitis media. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 273:3073–3081. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-016-3915-7
doi: 10.1007/s00405-016-3915-7
pubmed: 26869474
Bächinger D, Röösli C, Kesterke R et al (2019) Distorted sound perception and subjective benefit after stapedotomy—a prospective single-centre study. Int J Audiol. https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2018.1560509
doi: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1560509
pubmed: 30688126
Bächinger D, Rrahmani A, Weiss NM et al (2021) Evaluating hearing outcome, recidivism and complications in cholesteatoma surgery using the ChOLE classification system. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 278:1365–1371. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00405-020-06208-Z
doi: 10.1007/S00405-020-06208-Z
pubmed: 32661718
Bächinger D, Takagi D, Yamada H et al (2018) Japanese translation, cross-cultural adaption and multicentre validation of the Zurich chronic middle ear inventory (ZCMEI-21-Jap). Auris Nasus Larynx 46:18–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2018.05.008
doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2018.05.008
pubmed: 29871811
Bakir S, Kinis V, Bez Y et al (2012) Mental health and quality of life in patients with chronic otitis media. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 270:521–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-012-2031-6
doi: 10.1007/s00405-012-2031-6
pubmed: 22566178
Baumann I, Gerendas B, Plinkert PK, Praetorius M (2011) General and disease-specific quality of life in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media—A prospective study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-9-48
doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-9-48
pubmed: 21711571
pmcid: 3148957
Baumann I, Kurpiers B, Plinkert P, Praetorius M (2009) Entwicklung und Validierung des Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test 15 (COMOT-15) zur Messung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität bei chronischer Otitis media. HNO 57:889–895. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-008-1870-3
doi: 10.1007/s00106-008-1870-3
pubmed: 19629418
Beckmann S, Anschuetz L (2021) Minimally invasive tympanoplasty: review of outcomes and technical refinements. Oper Tech Otolayngol Head Neck Surg 32:143–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OTOT.2021.05.014
doi: 10.1016/J.OTOT.2021.05.014
Bhattacharyya N (2004) Outcomes research in otology. ORL 66:214–220. https://doi.org/10.1159/000079880
doi: 10.1159/000079880
pubmed: 15467347
Black N (2013) Patient reported outcome measures may transform healthcare. Br Med J 346:19–21
doi: 10.1136/bmj.f167
Bukurov B, Haggard M, Spencer H et al (2022) Gains in quality of life in chronic otitis media patients after surgery, adjusted for placebo bias. Otol Neurotol 43:E936–E943. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000003674
doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000003674
pubmed: 36026600
Cavaliere M, Capriglione P, Cavaliere F et al (2021) Cross-cultural adaptation and Italian validation of chronic otitis media outcome test 15 (COMOT-15). Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 41:277–281. https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-N1184
doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-N1184
pubmed: 34264922
pmcid: 8283399
Chatzimichalis M, Epprecht L, Weder S et al (2019) English translation and validation of the Zurich chronic middle ear inventory (ZCMEI-21-E) assessing quality of life in chronic otitis media: A prospective international multicentre study. Clin Otolaryngol 44:254–262. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13275
doi: 10.1111/coa.13275
pubmed: 30588758
Choi SY, Cho Y‑SS, Lee NJ et al (2012) Factors associated with quality of life after ear surgery in patients with chronic otitis media. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 138:840–845. https://doi.org/10.1001/archoto.2012.1800
doi: 10.1001/archoto.2012.1800
pubmed: 22986718
Coons SJ, Eremenco S, Lundy JJ et al (2015) Capturing patient-reported outcome (PRO) data electronically: the past, present, and promise of ePRO measurement in clinical trials. Patient 8:301–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40271-014-0090-z
doi: 10.1007/s40271-014-0090-z
pubmed: 25300613
Copay AG, Subach BR, Glassman SD et al (2007) Understanding the minimum clinically important difference: a review of concepts and methods. Spine J 7:541–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2007.01.008
doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2007.01.008
pubmed: 17448732
Cronbach LJ (1951) Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16:297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
doi: 10.1007/BF02310555
Dornhoffer JL, Smith J, Richter G, Boeckmann J (2008) Impact on quality of life after mastoid obliteration. Laryngoscope. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLG.0b013e318173dd7e
doi: 10.1097/MLG.0b013e318173dd7e
pubmed: 18475211
pmcid: 3038330
Guyatt GH, Bombardier C, Tugwell PX (1986) Measuring disease-specific quality of life in clinical trials. Can Med Assoc J 134:889–895
Hallberg LRM, Hallberg U, Kramer SE (2008) Self-reported hearing difficulties, communication strategies and psychological general well-being (quality of life) in patients with acquired hearing impairment. Disabil Rehabil 30:203–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280701228073
doi: 10.1080/09638280701228073
pubmed: 17852289
Jackson CG, Glasscock ME, Nissen AJ et al (1985) Open mastoid procedures: Contemporary indications and surgical technique. Laryngoscope 95:1037–1043. https://doi.org/10.1288/00005537-198509000-00003
doi: 10.1288/00005537-198509000-00003
pubmed: 4033324
Jung KH, Cho YS, Hong SH et al (2010) Quality-of-life assessment after primary and revision ear surgery using the chronic ear survey. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 136:358–365. https://doi.org/10.1001/archoto.2010.24
doi: 10.1001/archoto.2010.24
pubmed: 20403852
Kozin ED, Gulati S, Kaplan AB et al (2015) Systematic review of endoscopic middle ear surgery outcomes. Laryngoscope 125:1205. https://doi.org/10.1002/LARY.25048
doi: 10.1002/LARY.25048
pubmed: 25418475
Lailach S, Kemper M, Lasurashvili N et al (2015) Health-related quality of life measurement after cholesteatoma surgery: comparison of three different surgical techniques. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 272:3177–3185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-014-3370-2
doi: 10.1007/s00405-014-3370-2
pubmed: 25359196
Lailach S, Langanke T, Zahnert T et al (2021) Impact of depressive disorders on quality of life after middle ear surgery in patients with chronic otitis media. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 278:3217–3225. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00405-020-06397-7
doi: 10.1007/S00405-020-06397-7
pubmed: 33011956
Lailach S, Schenke T, Baumann I et al (2018) Living with otosclerosis: disease-specific health-related quality-of-life measurement in patients undergoing stapes surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 275:71–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-017-4798-y
doi: 10.1007/s00405-017-4798-y
pubmed: 29116384
Linder TE, Shah S, Martha AS et al (2019) Introducing the „ChOLE“ classification and its comparison to the EAONO/JOS consensus classification for cholesteatoma staging. Otol Neurotol 40:63–72. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002039
doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002039
pubmed: 30339650
Lucidi D, de Corso E, Paludetti G, Sergi B (2019) Quality of life and functional results in canal wall down vs canal wall up mastoidectomy. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 39:53–60. https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-2005
doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-2005
pubmed: 30936579
pmcid: 6444168
Lucidi D, Reale M, Fermi M et al (2022) Disease-specific quality of life and psychological distress after endoscopic tympanoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 279:191–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00405-021-06670-3
doi: 10.1007/S00405-021-06670-3
pubmed: 33591389
Mlynski R, Bächinger D, Langanke T et al (2022) Comparison of two disease—specific instruments assessing health-related quality of life in patients with chronic otitis media. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 279:703–711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06702-y
doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-06702-y
pubmed: 33788035
Mulrow CD, Aguilar C, Endicott JE et al (1990) Quality-of-life changes and hearing impairment: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 113:188–194. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-3-188
doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-113-3-188
pubmed: 2197909
Nadol JB Jr., Staecker H, Gliklich RE (2000) Outcomes assessment for chronic otitis media: the Chronic Ear Survey. Laryngoscope 110:32–35. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200003002-00009
doi: 10.1097/00005537-200003002-00009
pubmed: 10718413
Neudert M (2020) Qualität in der Mittelohrchirurgie – eine kritische Standortbestimmung. Laryngorhinootologie 99:S1–S26. https://doi.org/10.1055/A-1021-6427/ID/R10216427-0038
doi: 10.1055/A-1021-6427/ID/R10216427-0038
Phillips JS, Haggard M, Yung M (2014) A new health-related quality of life measure for active chronic otitis media (COMQ-12): development and initial validation. Otol Neurotol 35:454–458. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000000205
doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000205
pubmed: 24518406
Phillips JS, Yung MW (2014) COMQ-12 scores in adult patients without chronic middle ear disease. Clin Otolaryngol 39:362–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.12306
doi: 10.1111/coa.12306
pubmed: 25142494
Prabhu P, Chandrashekar A, Jose A et al (2018) Development and administration of chronic suppurative Otitis media questionnaire-12 (COMQ-12) and chronic otitis media outcome test-15 (COMOT-15) in Kannada. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 22:108–112. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0037-1603644
doi: 10.1055/S-0037-1603644
pubmed: 29619096
Quaranta N, Iannuzzi L, Petrone P et al (2014) Quality of life after cholesteatoma surgery: Intact-canal wall tympanoplasty versus canal wall-down tympanoplasty with mastoid obliteration. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489414523562
doi: 10.1177/0003489414523562
pubmed: 24574463
Ralli M, Quaranta N, Canale A et al (2019) Cross-cultural adaption and validation of the Zurich chronic middle ear inventory translated into Italian (ZCMEI-21-it)—A prospective multicenter study. Otol Neurotol 40:351–358. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002131
doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002131
pubmed: 30741898
Smyth GD, Patterson CC (1985) Results of middle ear reconstruction: do patients and surgeons agree? Am J Otol 6:276–279
pubmed: 4003540
Streiner DL (2010) Starting at the beginning: an introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. J Pers Assess 80:99–103. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA8001_18
doi: 10.1207/S15327752JPA8001_18
Stull DE, Leidy NK, Parasuraman B, Chassany O (2009) Optimal recall periods for patient-reported outcomes: challenges and potential solutions. Curr Med Res Opin 25:929–942. https://doi.org/10.1185/03007990902774765
doi: 10.1185/03007990902774765
pubmed: 19257798
Taneja V, Milner TD, Iyer A (2020) Endoscopic ear surgery: Does it have an impact on quality of life? Our experience of 152 cases. Clin Otolaryngol 45:126–129. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13459
doi: 10.1111/coa.13459
pubmed: 31605423
Tutar B, Saltürk Z, Berkiten G et al (2020) A novel Turkish instrument for assessing quality of life in chronic otitis media—Translation and validation of Zurich chronic middle ear inventory. Turk J Med Sci 50:1922–1929. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2003-38
doi: 10.3906/sag-2003-38
pubmed: 32628435
pmcid: 7775710
Weiss N, Stallbaum T, Botzen J et al (2022) Allogenes und autologes Material führt bei Mastoidhöhlenobliteration zu vergleichbaren Rezidivraten. Laryngorhinootologie 101:40–44. https://doi.org/10.1055/A-1432-3123
doi: 10.1055/A-1432-3123
pubmed: 33946124
Weiss NM, Bächinger D, Botzen J et al (2020) Mastoid cavity obliteration leads to a clinically significant improvement in health-related quality of life. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 277:1637–1643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-05881-4
doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05881-4
pubmed: 32144569
pmcid: 7198475
Weiss NM, Bächinger D, Rrahmani A et al (2020) Mapping the ChOLE classification to hearing outcomes and disease-specific health-related quality of life. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 277:2729–2738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06002-x
doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06002-x
pubmed: 32372258
pmcid: 7496049
Weiss NM, Schuldt S, Großmann W et al (2019) Stapes surgery leads to significant improvement in Quality-of-Life, independently from the surgical method. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 276:2975–2982
doi: 10.1007/s00405-019-05577-4
pubmed: 31428864
Weiss NM, Schuldt S, Oberhoffner T et al (2020) Prospective evaluation of disease-specific quality of life measurements after stapes surgery using Nitinol Head Prostheses. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 277:377–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-019-05709-w
doi: 10.1007/s00405-019-05709-w
pubmed: 31760470
Weiss NM, Stecher S, Bächinger D et al (2020) Open mastoid cavity obliteration with a high-porosity hydroxyapatite ceramic leads to high rate of revision surgery and insufficient cavity obliteration. Otol Neurotol 41:E55–E63. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002413
doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002413
pubmed: 31584500
Yang R, Zhang Y, Han W et al (2020) Measuring health-related quality of life in chronic otitis media in a Chinese population: Cultural adaption and validation of the Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21-Chn). Health Qual Life Outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01461-6
doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-01461-6
pubmed: 33187553
pmcid: 7663878