A potent anticoagulant hybrid of snake venom derived FIX-binding protein and anti-factor IX RNA aptamer: Assessed by in-silico and electrochemical analyses.

Anticoagulant therapies are crucial in the management of surgical complications as well as the prophylaxis of thrombosis. Many studies are being conducted on the Habu snake-venom anticoagulant, FIX-binding protein (FIX-Bp), for its greater potency and strong affinity to FIX clotting factor. On the other hand, the capacity to promptly reverse such acute anticoagulation is equally important. Combining a reversible anticoagulant with FIX-Bp may be advantageous in maintaining the balance between adequate anticoagulation and repealing when necessary. In this study, authors integrated FIX-Bp and RNA aptamer-based anticoagulants into a single target, FIX clotting factor, in order to achieve a robust anticoagulant effect. An in-silico and electrochemical approach were used to investigate the combination of FIX-Bp and RNA aptamers as a bivalent anticoagulant and to verify the competing or predominant binding sites of each anticoagulant. The in-silico analysis discovered that both the venom- and aptamer-anticoagulant had a strong affinity for the FIX protein at the Gla-domain and EGF-1 domain by holding 9 conventional hydrogen bonds with the binding energy of -34.859 kcal/mol. The electrochemical technique verified that both anticoagulants had different binding sites. The impedance load upon RNA aptamer binding to FIX protein was 14 %, whereas the addition of FIX-Bp caused a significant impedance rise of 37 %. This indicates that the addition of aptamers prior to FIX-Bp is a promising strategy for the conception of a hybrid anticoagulant.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.