Energetic Electron Precipitation Driven by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves from ELFIN's Low Altitude Perspective.

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves Magnetosphere Plasma waves Radiation belts Relativistic electron precipitation Whistler-mode chorus

Journal

Space science reviews
ISSN: 0038-6308
Titre abrégé: Space Sci Rev
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 100971458

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
2023
Historique:
received: 01 11 2022
accepted: 28 06 2023
medline: 14 7 2023
pubmed: 14 7 2023
entrez: 14 7 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

We review comprehensive observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave-driven energetic electron precipitation using data collected by the energetic electron detector on the Electron Losses and Fields InvestigatioN (ELFIN) mission, two polar-orbiting low-altitude spinning CubeSats, measuring 50-5000 keV electrons with good pitch-angle and energy resolution. EMIC wave-driven precipitation exhibits a distinct signature in energy-spectrograms of the precipitating-to-trapped flux ratio: peaks at >0.5 MeV which are abrupt (bursty) (lasting ∼17 s, or

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1007/s11214-023-00984-w PMID: 37448777 PMC: PMC10335998
pubmed: 37448777
doi: 10.1007/s11214-023-00984-w
pii: 984
pmc: PMC10335998
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Pagination

37

Informations de copyright

© The Author(s) 2023.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Competing InterestsThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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Auteurs

V Angelopoulos (V)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7024-1561

X-J Zhang (XJ)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA.

A V Artemyev (AV)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

D Mourenas (D)

CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France.

E Tsai (E)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

C Wilkins (C)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

A Runov (A)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

J Liu (J)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Departments, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA.

D L Turner (DL)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland USA.

W Li (W)

Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Departments, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA.

K Khurana (K)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

R E Wirz (RE)

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.

V A Sergeev (VA)

University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia.

X Meng (X)

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.

J Wu (J)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

M D Hartinger (MD)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.

T Raita (T)

Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Sodankylä, Finland.

Y Shen (Y)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

X An (X)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

X Shi (X)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

M F Bashir (MF)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

X Shen (X)

Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA.

L Gan (L)

Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA.

M Qin (M)

Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA.

L Capannolo (L)

Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA.

Q Ma (Q)

Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA.

C L Russell (CL)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

E V Masongsong (EV)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

R Caron (R)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

I He (I)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Materials Science and Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

L Iglesias (L)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Deloitte Consulting, New York, NY 10112 USA.

S Jha (S)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Microsoft, Redmond, WA 98052 USA.

J King (J)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

S Kumar (S)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.

K Le (K)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Materials Science and Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

J Mao (J)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Raybeam, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94041 USA.

A McDermott (A)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

K Nguyen (K)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA.

A Norris (A)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

A Palla (A)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Reliable Robotics Corporation, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.

A Roosnovo (A)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.

J Tam (J)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

E Xie (E)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Deloitte Consulting, New York, NY 10112 USA.
Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

R C Yap (RC)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Planet Labs, PBC, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA.

S Ye (S)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

C Young (C)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Microsoft, Redmond, WA 98052 USA.

L A Adair (LA)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: KSAT, Inc., Denver, CO 80231 USA.

C Shaffer (C)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA.

M Chung (M)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.

P Cruce (P)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Apple, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA.

M Lawson (M)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

D Leneman (D)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

M Allen (M)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Zipline International, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA.

M Anderson (M)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Lucid Motors, Newark, CA 94560 USA.

M Arreola-Zamora (M)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.

J Artinger (J)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: College of Engineering and Computer Science, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA.

J Asher (J)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA.

D Branchevsky (D)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA.
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

M Cliffe (M)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA.
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

K Colton (K)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Planet Labs, PBC, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA.

C Costello (C)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Heliogen, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA.

D Depe (D)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Argo AI, LLC, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA.

B W Domae (BW)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

S Eldin (S)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Microsoft, Redmond, WA 98052 USA.
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

L Fitzgibbon (L)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Terran Orbital, Irvine, CA 92618 USA.

A Flemming (A)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.

D M Frederick (DM)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA.

A Gilbert (A)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.

B Hesford (B)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

R Krieger (R)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Materials Science and Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Mercedes-Benz Research and Development North America, Long Beach, CA 90810 USA.

K Lian (K)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA.

E McKinney (E)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Geosyntec Consultants, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA.

J P Miller (JP)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Juniper Networks Sunnyvale, California, 94089 USA.

C Pedersen (C)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

Z Qu (Z)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Niantic Inc., San Francisco, CA 94111 USA.

R Rozario (R)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA.

M Rubly (M)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Teledyne Scientific and Imaging, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA.

R Seaton (R)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

A Subramanian (A)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA.
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

S R Sundin (SR)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Naval Surface Warfare Center Corona Division, Norco, CA 92860 USA.

A Tan (A)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Epirus Inc., Torrance, CA 90501 USA.

D Thomlinson (D)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA.

W Turner (W)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.

G Wing (G)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Amazon, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.

C Wong (C)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Present Address: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.

A Zarifian (A)

Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.

Classifications MeSH