Treatment outcome of patients with synchronous oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer in the immunotherapy era: Analysis of a real-life intention-to-treat population.

The standard first-line treatment for non-oncogene driven metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) based strategy. Although guidelines increasingly advise adding local radical treatment (LRT) to patients with synchronous oligometastatic (sOMD) NSCLC responding to systemic therapy, this recommendation is based on the studies without ICI. Furthermore, the majority of published oligometastatic studies were not on an intention-to-treat basis, resulting in selection bias. Moreover, staging Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) and brain imaging were often not mandatory and definitions of oligometastatic were heterogeneous. Therefore, this study focused on a single centre retrospective series, including all adequately staged patients with sOMD NSCLC according to the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer definition (maximum of 5 metastases in 3 organs) that were treated with induction (chemo)-ICI and compared outcomes to those treated with chemotherapy only, with and without LRT. The primary end-points were median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients treated with induction (chemo)-ICI versus chemotherapy. Out of 68 included patients, 38 (56%) eventually received LRT. With a median follow-up of 26.7 months, the median PFS was 19.0 months for (chemo)-ICI (n = 18) versus 6.8 for chemotherapy-only (n = 50) (HR 0.5, p = 0.03), the median OS was 19.3 versus 15.7 months, respectively (HR 0.8, p = 0.4). In patients having received LRT, median PFS was 19.0 months for (chemo)-ICI versus 8.3 for chemotherapy-only (HR 0.6, p = 0.2). In conclusion, an ICI-based systemic treatment is feasible and may result in superior survival outcomes. This should be investigated in prospective trials. Strategies to improve response rates to systemic treatment are also needed.

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: LH: Outside of this manuscript personal fees as an invited speaker from Benecke, Medtalks, Medimix and VJOncology; personal fees for participation in mentorship programme funded by AstraZeneca; personal fees for travel support from Roche; personal fees as member of the committee that revised the Dutch guidelines on NSCLC, brain metastases and leptomeningeal metastases; fees paid to her institution for an educational webinar from Janssen; fees paid to her institution for advisory board membership from Amgen, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Lilly, Merck, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and Takeda; fees paid to her institution as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Bayer, high5oncology, Lilly and Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD); fees paid to her institution for interview sessions from Roche; fees paid to her institution for podcast appearance from Takeda; institutional research grants from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Takeda, Merck and Pfizer (Novartis under negotiation); institutional funding as a local principal investigator (PI) from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Blueprint Medicines, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Merck Serono, Mirati, MSD, Novartis, Roche and Takeda; non-remunerated roles as chair for metastatic NSCLC of the lung cancer group for EORTC (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) and as the secretary of the studies foundation for NVALT (Nederlandse Vereniging van Artsen voor Longziekten en Tuberculose). DR: Outside of this manuscript research grant/ support/ Advisory Board: Institutional financial interests (no personal financial interests) from AstraZeneca, BMS, Beigene, Philips, Olink and Advisory Board: Institutional financial interests (no personal financial interests) for Eli-Lilly. MJ,VB,TL,MS,SD: None declared.