University students' psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structural equation model of the role of resource loss and gain.
COVID-19
conservation of resources theory
mental health
university students
Journal
Journal of community psychology
ISSN: 1520-6629
Titre abrégé: J Community Psychol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0367033
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2023
09 2023
Historique:
revised:
14
06
2023
received:
07
12
2022
accepted:
02
07
2023
medline:
10
8
2023
pubmed:
17
7
2023
entrez:
17
7
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Using the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we aimed to determine whether university students' loss and gain in resources during the pandemic mediated the relationships between COVID-19 exposure/concern and depression and anxiety. In 2021, 7013 Israeli university students completed online questionnaires. We assessed the data using structural equation modeling. We found that resource loss was directly related to concern (β = 0.32, p < 0.001). Depression and anxiety were both directly related to loss of resources (depression: β = 0.75, p < 0.001; anxiety: β = 0.69, p < 0.001) and concern (depression: β = 0.06, p < 0.001; anxiety: β = 0.12, p < 0.001). Resource loss had an indirect effect on the relationships between concern and depression (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) and concern and anxiety (β = 0.22, p < 0.001). COR theory may help explain the mechanisms behind university students' mental health during the pandemic and provides a framework to better understand preparedness for future pandemics, epidemics, and major disasters. Governments and universities should help prevent the loss of resources during future emergencies.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3012-3028Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Community Psychology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Références
Abbas, A., Ar, A. Y., Fard, R. G., Mannan, A., & Hosseini, S. (2022). Perceived coronavirus health risk associated with students' life satisfaction: The role of trust in government policies. Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 27, 2995-3004.
Adamson, M. M., Phillips, A., Seenivasan, S., Martinez, J., Grewal, H., Kang, X., Coetzee, J., Luttenbacher, I., Jester, A., Harris, O. A., & Spiegel, D. (2020). International prevalence and correlates of psychological stress during the global COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9248.
Allen, R., Kannangara, C., Vyas, M., & Carson, J. (2022). European university students' mental health during COVID-19: Exploring attitudes towards COVID-19 and governmental response. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02854-0
Amendola, S., Spensieri, V., & Cerutti, R. (2021). Predictors of hopelessness during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in a small sample of Italian adults. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68, 919-920.
Appleby, J. A., King, N., Saunders, K. E., Bast, A., Rivera, D., Byun, J., Cunningham, S., Khera, C., & Duffy, A. C. (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the experience and mental health of university students studying in Canada and the UK: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 12(1), e050187.
Aristovnik, A., Keržič, D., Ravšelj, D., Tomaževič, N., & Umek, L. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life of higher education students: A global perspective. Sustainability, 12(20), 8438.
Atkinson, M., Brodie, A., Kafcaloudes, P., McCarthy, S., Monson, E. A., Sefa-Nyarko, C., & Yu, W. (2021). Illuminating the liminality of the doctoral journey: Precarity, agency and COVID-19. Higher Education Research & Development, 41, 1790-1804.
Bargain, O., & Aminjonov, U. (2020). Trust and compliance to public health policies in times of COVID-19. Journal of Public Economics, 192, 104316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104316
Belen, H. (2023). A longitudinal examination of the association between fear of COVID-19, resilience, and mental health during COVID-19 outbreak. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 28(1), 253-259.
Bitan, D. T., Grossman-Giron, A., Bloch, Y., Mayer, Y., Shiffman, N., & Mendlovic, S. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113100.
Bodas, M., & Peleg, K. (2021). Pandemic fatigue: The effects of the COVID-19 crisis on public trust and compliance with regulations in Israel: The study examines the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on public trust and compliance with regulations in Israel. Health Affairs, 40(8), 1225-1233.
Bolumole, M. (2020). Student life in the age of COVID-19. Higher Education Research & Development, 39(7), 1357-1361.
Braun-Lewensohn, O., Abu-Kaf, S., & Kalagy, T. (2021). Hope and resilience during a pandemic among three cultural groups in Israel: The second wave of Covid-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 637349. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.637349
Broodryk, T., & Robinson, K. (2022). Dataset describing Aotearoa New Zealand young adults' psychological well-being and behaviour during nationwide lockdown. Data in Brief, 40, 107808.
Commodari, E., La Rosa, V. L., Carnemolla, G., & Parisi, J. (2021). The psychological impact of the lockdown on Italian university students during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic: Psychological experiences, health risk perceptions, distance learning, and future perspectives. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-3009
Dale, R., Jesser, A., Pieh, C., O'Rourke, T., Probst, T., & Humer, E. (2022). Mental health burden of high school students, and suggestions for psychosocial support, 1.5 years into the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 1015-1024.
Davison, A. C., & Hinkley, D. V. (1997). Bootstrap methods and their application (Vol. 1). Cambridge University Press.
Dekel, R., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2007). The impact of resource loss on Holocaust survivors facing war and terrorism in Israel. Aging & Mental Health, 11(2), 159-167.
Ehmke, M. D., Katare, B., Kiesel, K., Bergtold, J. S., Penn, J. M., & Boys, K. A. (2022). US agricultural university students' mental well-being and resilience during the first wave of COVID-19: Discordant expectations and experiences across genders. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 44, 129-161.
Eleftheriades, R., Fiala, C., & Pasic, M. D. (2020). The challenges and mental health issues of academic trainees. F1000Research, 9, 104.
El-Monshed, A. H., El-Adl, A. A., Ali, A. S., & Loutfy, A. (2022). University students under lockdown, the psychosocial effects and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross sectional study in Egypt. Journal of American College Health, 70, 679-690. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1891086
Eysenbach, G. (2004). Improving the quality of web surveys: The Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). Journal of Medical Internet Research, 6(3), e34.
Faisal, R. A., Jobe, M. C., Ahmed, O., & Sharker, T. (2021). Mental health status, anxiety, and depression levels of Bangladeshi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20, 1500-1515.
Freedy, J. R., Saladin, M. E., Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., & Saunders, B. E. (1994). Understanding acute psychological distress following natural disaster. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7(2), 257-273.
Gamage, K. A. A., Wijesuriya, D. I., Ekanayake, S. Y., Rennie, A. E. W., Lambert, C. G., & Gunawardhana, N. (2020). Online delivery of teaching and laboratory practices: Continuity of university programmes during COVID-19 pandemic. Education Sciences, 10(10), 291.
Gilbar, O., Gelkopf, M., Berger, R., & Greene, T. (2022). Risk factors for depression and anxiety during COVID-19 in Israel: A two-wave study before and during the pandemic. Stress and Health, 38, 736-745.
Gogoi, M., Webb, A., Pareek, M., Bayliss, C. D., & Gies, L. (2022). University students' mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the UniCoVac Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9322.
Green, W., Anderson, V., Tait, K., & Tran, L. T. (2020). Precarity, fear and hope: Reflecting and imagining in higher education during a global pandemic. Higher Education Research & Development, 39(7), 1309-1312.
Han, Q., Zheng, B., Cristea, M., Agostini, M., Bélanger, J. J., Gützkow, B., Kreienkamp, J., & Leander, N. P. (2021). Trust in government regarding COVID-19 and its associations with preventive health behaviour and prosocial behaviour during the pandemic: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine, 53, 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721001306
Heumann, E., Helmer, S. M., Busse, H., Negash, S., Horn, J., Pischke, C. R., Niephaus, Y., & Stock, C. (2023). Anxiety and depressive symptoms of German university students 20 months after the COVID-19 outbreak-A cross-sectional study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 320, 568-575.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524.
Hobfoll, S. E., Canetti-Nisim, D., & Johnson, R. J. (2006). Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and defensive coping among Jews and Arabs in Israel. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(2), 207-218.
Hobfoll, S. E., Canetti-Nisim, D., Johnson, R. J., Palmieri, P. A., Varley, J. D., & Galea, S. (2008). The association of exposure, risk, and resiliency factors with PTSD among Jews and Arabs exposed to repeated acts of terrorism in Israel. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(1), 9-21.
Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J.-P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 103-128.
Hobfoll, S. E., & Lilly, R. S. (1993). Resource conservation as a strategy for community psychology. Journal of Community Psychology, 21(2), 128-148.
Hollifield, M., Gory, A., Siedjak, J., Nguyen, L., Holmgreen, L., & Hobfoll, S. (2016). The benefit of conserving and gaining resources after trauma: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 5(11), 104.
Horesh, D., Kapel Lev-Ari, R., & Hasson-Ohayon, I. (2020). Risk factors for psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel: Loneliness, age, gender, and health status play an important role. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(4), 925-933.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
Hyun, S., Wong, G. T. F., Levy-Carrick, N. C., Charmaraman, L., Cozier, Y., Yip, T., Hahm, H., & Liu, C. H. (2021). Psychosocial correlates of posttraumatic growth among US young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Research, 302, 114035.
Ironson, G., Wynings, C., Schneiderman, N., Baum, A., Rodriguez, M., Greenwood, D., Benight, C., Antoni, M., LaPerriere, A., Huang, H. S., Klimas, N., & Fletcher, M. A. (1997). Posttraumatic stress symptoms, intrusive thoughts, loss, and immune function after hurricane andrew. Psychosomatic Medicine, 59(2), 128-141.
Israel Ministry of Health. (2022). COVID-19 daily situation report. https://datadashboard.health.gov.il/COVID-19/general
Jones, S. E., Ethier, K. A., Hertz, M., DeGue, S., Le, V. D., Thornton, J., Lim, C., Dittus, P. J., & Geda, S. (2022). Mental health, suicidality, and connectedness among high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic-Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey, United States, January-June 2021. MMWR Supplements, 71(3), 16-21.
Jung, J., Horta, H., & Postiglione, G. A. (2021). Living in uncertainty: The COVID-19 pandemic and higher education in Hong Kong. Studies in Higher Education, 46(1), 107-120.
Kaparounaki, C. K., Patsali, M. E., Mousa, D. P. V., Papadopoulou, E. V. K., Papadopoulou, K. K. K., & Fountoulakis, K. N. (2020). University students’ mental health amidst the COVID-19 quarantine in Greece. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113111.
Kenny, D. A. (2020, June 5). Measuring Model Fit. http://www.davidakenny.net/cm/fit.htm
Kessler, R. C., Amminger, G. P., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Lee, S., & Ustun, T. B. (2007). Age of onset of mental disorders: A review of recent literature. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 20(4), 359-364.
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593-602.
Kline, R. B. (2012). Assumptions in structural equation modeling. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Handbook of structural equation modeling (pp. 111-125). The Guilford Press.
Kline, R. B. (2016). Data preparation and psychometrics review, Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed., pp. 64-96). Guilford Press.
Koçak, O., Koçak, Ö. E., & Younis, M. Z. (2021). The psychological consequences of COVID-19 fear and the moderator effects of individuals' underlying illness and witnessing infected friends and family. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1836.
Krause, K. H., Verlenden, J. V., Szucs, L. E., Swedo, E. A., Merlo, C. L., Niolon, P. H., Leroy, Z. C., Sims, V. M., Deng, X., Lee, S., Rasberry, C. N., & Underwood, J. M. (2022). Disruptions to school and home life among high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic-Adolescent behaviors and experiences survey, United States, January-June 2021. MMWR Supplements, 71(3), 28-34.
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613.
Leask, B. (2020). Embracing the possibilities of disruption. Higher Education Research & Development, 39(7), 1388-1391.
Little, R. J., & Rubin, D. B. (2019). Statistical analysis with missing data (Vol. 793). John Wiley & Sons.
Liu, B. F., & Mehta, A. M. (2021). From the periphery and toward a centralized model for trust in government risk and disaster communication. Journal of Risk Research, 24(7), 853-869.
Löwe, B., Decker, O., Müller, S., Brähler, E., Schellberg, D., Herzog, W., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2008). Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population. Medical Care, 46, 266-274.
Maatuk, A. M., Elberkawi, E. K., Aljawarneh, S., Rashaideh, H., & Alharbi, H. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic and E-learning: Challenges and opportunities from the perspective of students and instructors. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 34(1), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-021-09274-2
Muthén, B., & Muthén, L. (2017). Mplus. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Mutinda, G., & Liu, Z. (2021). Perceptions on the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students' wellbeing in Kenya-A thematic analysis approach. Higher Education Research & Development, 41, 1-15.
Ochnik, D., Rogowska, A. M., Kuśnierz, C., Jakubiak, M., Schütz, A., Held, M. J., Arzenšek, A., Benatov, J., Berger, R., Korchagina, E. V., Pavlova, I., Blažková, I., Konečná, Z., Aslan, I., Çınar, O., Cuero-Acosta, Y. A., & Wierzbik-Strońska, M. (2021). A comparison of depression and anxiety among university students in nine countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(13), 2882.
Okruszek, Ł., Aniszewska-Stańczuk, A., Piejka, A., Wiśniewska, M., & Żurek, K. (2020). Safe but lonely? Loneliness, anxiety, and depression symptoms and COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3222.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2022). Education GPS. http://gpseducation.oecd.org
Orkibi, H. (2021). Creative adaptability: Conceptual framework, measurement, and outcomes in times of crisis. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 588172. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588172
Pat-Horenczyk, R., Schiff, M., Arënliu, A., Zasiekina, L., Kagialis, A., Ferreira, N., Nesterko, Y., Glaesmer, H., Fernández-Alcántara, M., & Benbenishty, R. (2022). Challenges faced by university students during the COVID-19: An international study in five countries during the early phase of the pandemic. International Journal of Psychology, 57, 547-558. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12846
Prati, G., & Mancini, A. D. (2021). The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns: A review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies and natural experiments. Psychological Medicine, 51(2), 201-211. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721000015
Pyhältö, K., Tikkanen, L., & Anttila, H. (2022). The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on PhD candidates' study progress and study wellbeing. Higher Education Research & Development, 42, 413-426.
Rao, M. E., & Rao, D. M. (2021). The mental health of high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Education, 6, 719539.
Resch, K., Alnahdi, G., & Schwab, S. (2022). Exploring the effects of the COVID-19 emergency remote education on students' social and academic integration in higher education in Austria. Higher Education Research & Development, 42, 1-15.
Reznik, A., Gritsenko, V., Konstantinov, V., Yehudai, M., Bender, S., Shilina, I., & Isralowitz, R. (2021). First and second wave COVID-19 fear impact: Israeli and Russian social work student fear, mental health and substance use. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20, 1806-1813.
Riboldi, I., Capogrosso, C. A., Piacenti, S., Calabrese, A., Lucini Paioni, S., Bartoli, F., Crocamo, C., Carrà, G., Armes, J., & Taylor, C. (2023). Mental health and COVID-19 in university students: Findings from a qualitative, comparative study in Italy and the UK. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4071.
Rogowska, A. M., Kuśnierz, C., & Bokszczanin, A. (2020). Examining anxiety, life satisfaction, general health, stress and coping styles during COVID-19 pandemic in Polish sample of university students. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 13, 797-811.
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
Schiff, M., Zasiekina, L., Pat-Horenczyk, R., & Benbenishty, R. (2021). COVID-related functional difficulties and concerns among university students during COVID-19 pandemic: A binational perspective. Journal of Community Health, 46(4), 667-675.
Schubert, K. O., Clark, S. R., Van, L. K., Collinson, J. L., & Baune, B. T. (2017). Depressive symptom trajectories in late adolescence and early adulthood: A systematic review. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 51(5), 477-499.
Shechory Bitton, M., & Laufer, A. (2021). Mental health and coping in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic: The Israeli case. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 568016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.568016
Shelef, L., Schiff, M., Pat-Horenczyk, R., & Dekel, R. (2022). COVID-19 vs. terrorism: Contribution of the COR theory to the process of coping with invisible threats. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 147, 176-182.
Shilo, S., Rossman, H., & Segal, E. (2021). Signals of hope: Gauging the impact of a rapid national vaccination campaign. Nature Reviews Immunology, 21(4), 198-199. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-021-00531-0
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097.
Veldhuis, C. B., Nesoff, E. D., McKowen, A. L. W., Rice, D. R., Ghoneima, H., Wootton, A. R., Papautsky, E. L., Arigo, D., Goldberg, S., & Anderson, J. C. (2021). Addressing the critical need for long-term mental health data during the COVID-19 pandemic: Changes in mental health from April to September 2020. Preventive Medicine, 146, 106465.
Voltmer, E., Köslich-Strumann, S., Walther, A., Kasem, M., Obst, K., & Kötter, T. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress, mental health and coping behavior in German University students-A longitudinal study before and after the onset of the pandemic. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1385.
Wang, L., & DeLaquil, T. (2020). The isolation of doctoral education in the times of COVID-19: Recommendations for building relationships within person-environment theory. Higher Education Research & Development, 39(7), 1346-1350.
Wang, X., Hegde, S., Son, C., Keller, B., Smith, A., & Sasangohar, F. (2020). Investigating mental health of US college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9), e22817.
Wathelet, M., Duhem, S., Vaiva, G., Baubet, T., Habran, E., Veerapa, E., Debien, C., Molenda, S., Horn, M., Grandgenèvre, P., Notredame, C. E., & D'Hondt, F. (2020). Factors associated with mental health disorders among university students in France confined during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Network Open, 3(10), e2025591.
Weiden, F., Levinsky, M., Schiff, M., Becker, N., Pat-Horenczyk, R., & Benbenishty, R. (2021). CoViD-related concerns, the need for help, and perceived microaggression among young ultra-orthodox Jewish respondents in Israel. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6445.
Zainal Badri, S. K., Wan Mohd Yunus, W. M. A., Ramos, H. M., & Mahmud, N. (2021). Remote learning and its implications toward study-life conflicts and the mental health of university students: Does studying at home or campus matter? Higher Education Research & Development, 41, 2523-2537.