Motivational Congruence Theory: Beyond the Dualistic Approach to Human Motivation.
Dualism
Extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation
Motivational congruence theory
Reward salience
Journal
Integrative psychological & behavioral science
ISSN: 1936-3567
Titre abrégé: Integr Psychol Behav Sci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101319534
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
18 Jul 2023
18 Jul 2023
Historique:
accepted:
25
06
2023
medline:
18
7
2023
pubmed:
18
7
2023
entrez:
17
7
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Dualism has long been part of human sciences, including psychology and its sub-discipline of motivation. In psychology, such dualism is reflected in the rationalism-empiricism dichotomy. This dichotomy has resulted in two seemingly contradictory perspectives, including empiricism and rationalism. From empiricism perspective, the primary contact between subject and object is the passive reception of inputs from the environment. From rationalism perspective, the primary contact is through the match between conceptual forms and empirical observations. Relying on the notion of "being-in-the-world", activity theories reconcile these discrepancies by stressing the role of individual's activity in the contact between individual and the world. Similarly, in the motivation literature, such duality is highlighted by the dissection of motivation into intrinsic and extrinsic categories. It has resulted in three contrasting streams on the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. The first stream by reinforcement theories argues that these two motivational mechanisms act in an additive way. The second stream by undermining theories posits that they interact in a negative way. Yet, the third stream by contingency theories postulates that the simultaneous effect of these motivational mechanisms depends on reward salience. These theoretical streams either implicitly or explicitly give priority to one type of motivation over the other. Emphasizing a dialectical stance, motivational congruence theory gives equal weight to both types of motivation. It stipulates that the perceived congruence between motivational mechanisms and context determines overall motivation and performance. The theory goes beyond the dualistic approach in motivation and resolves discrepancies that have long afflicted the literature.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37460900
doi: 10.1007/s12124-023-09793-w
pii: 10.1007/s12124-023-09793-w
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Références
Amabile, T. M., DeJong, W., & Lepper, M. R. (1976). Effects of externally imposed deadlines on subsequent intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34(1), 92–98.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.34.1.92
Anderson, R., Manoogian, S. T., & Reznick, J. S. (1976). The undermining and enhancing of intrinsic motivation in preschool children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34(5), 915–922.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.34.5.915
Bao, X. (2005). Who makes the choice?: rethinking the roles of self-determination and relatedness in Chinese children’s motivation. HKU Theses Online (HKUTO.
Baxter, L. A. (1990). Dialectical contradictions in relationship development. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 69–88.
doi: 10.1177/0265407590071004
Baxter, L. A., & Montgomery, B. M. (1996). Relating: Dialogues and dialectics. Guildford Press.
Bénabou, R., & Tirole, J. (2003). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The Review of Economic Studies, 70(3), 489–520.
doi: 10.1111/1467-937X.00253
Beus, J. M., & Whitman, D. S. (2017). Almighty dollar or root of all evil? Testing the effects of money on workplace behavior. Journal of Management, 43(7), 2147–2167.
doi: 10.1177/0149206314565241
Boesch, E. E. (2012). Symbolic action theory and cultural psychology. Springer Science & Business Media.
Breugst, N., Patzelt, H., & Shepherd, D. A. (2020). When is effort contagious in new venture management teams? Understanding the contingencies of social motivation theory. Journal of Management Studies, 57(8), 1556–1588.
doi: 10.1111/joms.12546
Bunge, M., & Ardila, R. (1987). Why Philosophy of psychology? In Philosophy of Psychology (pp. 3–24). Springer.
Castro, J., & Lafuente, E. (2007). Westernalization in the mirror: On the cultural reception of western psychology. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 41(1), 106–113.
pubmed: 17992875
doi: 10.1007/s12124-007-9013-z
Chatzisarantis, N. L., Hagger, M. S., Biddle, S. J., Smith, B., & Wang, J. C. (2003). A meta-analysis of perceived locus of causality in exercise, sport, and physical education contexts. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(3), 284–306.
doi: 10.1123/jsep.25.3.284
Chemolli, E., & Gagné, M. (2014). Evidence against the continuum structure underlying motivation measures derived from self-determination theory. Psychological Assessment, 26(2), 575–585.
pubmed: 24611788
doi: 10.1037/a0036212
Clark, B., & York, R. (2005). Dialectical nature. Monthly Review, 57(1), 13–22.
doi: 10.14452/MR-057-01-2005-05_2
Collinson, D. (2014). Dichotomies, dialectics and dilemmas: New directions for critical leadership studies? Leadership, 10(1), 36–55.
doi: 10.1177/1742715013510807
Corpus, J. H., & Wormington, S. V. (2014). Profiles of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations in elementary school: A longitudinal analysis. The Journal of Experimental Education, 82(4), 480–501.
doi: 10.1080/00220973.2013.876225
De Charms, R. (1968). Personal causation: The internal affective determinants of behavior. Academic Press.
Deci, E. L., Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(4), 580–590.
doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.74.4.580
Deci, E. L., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B. C., & Leone, D. R. (1994). Facilitating internalization: The self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality, 62(1), 119–142.
Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 627–668.
pubmed: 10589297
doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627
Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 19–43.
doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The” what” and” why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
doi: 10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 182–185.
doi: 10.1037/a0012801
Dow, S. C. (1990). Beyond dualism. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 14(2), 143–157.
Eisenberger, R., & Cameron, J. (1996). Detrimental effects of reward: Reality or myth? American Psychologist, 51, 1153–1166.
pubmed: 8937264
doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.51.11.1153
Eisenberger, R., & Selbst, M. (1994). Does reward increase or decrease creativity? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(6), 1116–1127.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.66.6.1116
Engelsted, N. (2017). Catching up with Aristotle: A journey in quest of general psychology. Springer.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-51088-0
Engeström, Y. (1987). Learning by expanding: An activity-theoretical approach to developmental research. Orienta Konsultit.
Engeström, Y. (1990). Learning, working, and imagining: Twelve studies in activity theory. Orienta-Konsultit Oy.
Enzle, M. E., & Ross, J. M. (1978). Increasing and decreasing intrinsic interest with contingent rewards: A test of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14(6), 588–597.
doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(78)90052-5
Ferrin, D. L., & Dirks, K. T. (2003). The use of rewards to increase and decrease trust: Mediating processes and differential effects. Organization Science, 14(1), 18–31.
doi: 10.1287/orsc.14.1.18.12809
Frey, B. S., & Jegen, R. (2001). Motivation crowding theory. Journal of Economic Surveys, 15(5), 589–611.
doi: 10.1111/1467-6419.00150
Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331–362.
doi: 10.1002/job.322
Goswami, I., & Urminsky, O. (2017). The dynamic effect of incentives on postreward task engagement. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 146(1), 1–19.
pubmed: 28054810
doi: 10.1037/xge0000206
Green, T. H. (1894). General introduction. In Nettleship R. L. (Ed.), Works (1 vol., pp. 1–299). Longmans, Green, and Co.
Hamner, W. C., & Foster, L. W. (1975). Are intrinsic and extrinsic rewards additive: A test of Deci’s cognitive evaluation theory of task motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 14(3), 398–415.
doi: 10.1016/0030-5073(75)90038-0
Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. Lawrence Erlbaum.
doi: 10.1037/10628-000
Hendijani, R., & Steel, P. (2022). Reward salience and choice in a Controlling Context: A lab experiment. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 862152.
Hendijani, R. (2021). Chapter four motivational mechanisms and their effect on managerial decision making. In M. Christofaro (Ed.), Emotion, cognition, and their marvellous interplay in managerial decision-making (pp. 65–92). Cambridge Publishing.
Hendijani, R., Bischak, D. P., Arvai, J., & Dugar, S. (2016). Intrinsic motivation, external reward, and their effect on overall motivation and performance. Human Performance, 29(4), 251–274.
doi: 10.1080/08959285.2016.1157595
Hendijani, R., & Steel, P. (2020). Motivational congruence effect: How reward salience and choice influence motivation and performance. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1791444.
doi: 10.1080/23311975.2020.1791444
Hewett, R., & Conway, N. (2016). The undermining effect revisited: The salience of everyday verbal rewards and self-determined motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(3), 436–455.
Hjørland, B. (2009). Concept theory. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(8), 1519–1536.
doi: 10.1002/asi.21082
Holzkamp, K. (1973). Sinnliche erkenntnis—Historischer Ursprung und gesellschaftlicher Funktion der Wahrnehmung. Fischer Athenäum Taschenbuch Verlag.
Holzkamp, K. (1983). Grundlegung der Psychologie. Campus Verlag.
Howard, J. L., Gagné, M., & Morin, A. J. (2020). Putting the pieces together: Reviewing the structural conceptualization of motivation within SDT. Motivation and Emotion, 44(6), 846–861.
doi: 10.1007/s11031-020-09838-2
Iyengar, S. S., & Lepper, M. R. (1999). Rethinking the value of choice: A cultural perspective on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(3), 349–366.
pubmed: 10101874
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.349
Kelley, H. H. (1973). The processes of causal attribution. American Psychologist, 28(2), 107–128.
doi: 10.1037/h0034225
Kruglanski, A. W., Shah, J. Y., Fishbach, Ayelet, Friedman, Ron, Chun, Woo Yung, & Sleeth-Keppler, David. (2002). A Theory of Goal Systems. In Mark P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 331–378). Academic Press.
Kuvaas, B., Buch, R., Weibel, A., Dysvik, A., & Nerstad, C. G. (2017). Do intrinsic and extrinsic motivation relate differently to employee outcomes? Journal of Economic Psychology, 61, 244–258.
doi: 10.1016/j.joep.2017.05.004
Legault, L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 2416–2419). Springer International Publishing.
Leontiev, A. N. (1974). The problem of activity in psychology. Soviet Psychology, 13(2), 4–33.
doi: 10.2753/RPO1061-040513024
Leontiev, A. N. (1978). Activity, consciousness, and personality. Prentice-Hall.
Leontiev, A. N. (1981). Problems of the development of the mind. Progress Publishers.
Leontiev, A. N. (1982). Psychologie des Abbilds [Psychology of the perceptual image]. Forum Kritische Psychologie, 9, 5–9. (translated from a Russian manuscript, 1975).
Lepper, M. R., & Greene, D. (1975). Turning play into work: Effects of adult surveillance and extrinsic rewards on children’s intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31(3), 479–486.
doi: 10.1037/h0076484
Lepper, M. R., & Greene, D. (1979). The hidden costs of reward: New perspectives on the psychology of human motivation. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Lepper, M. R., Greene, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1973). Undermining children’s intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the “overjustification” hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28(1), 129–137.
doi: 10.1037/h0035519
Lewin, K. (1952). Group decision and social change. In G. E. Swanson, T. M. Newcomb, & E. L. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in social psychology (pp. 459–473). Holt.
Longworth, G. (2009). Rationalism and empiricism. Key Ideas in Linguistics and the Philosophy of Language, 67–74.
Mammen, J. (2008). What is a concept. Journal of Anthropological Psychology, 19(2), 5–27.
Mammen, J. (2017). A New Logical Foundation for psychology. Springer.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-67783-5
Mammen, J. (2021). Bridging: Some personal reflections. In B. Wagoner, B. A. Christensen, & C. Demuth (Eds.), Culture as process (pp. 389–398). Springer.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-77892-7_34
Mammen, J., & Mironenko, I. (2015). Activity theories and the ontology of psychology: Learning from danish and russian experiences. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 49(4), 681–713.
pubmed: 26001990
doi: 10.1007/s12124-015-9313-7
Manzo, S., & Calvente, S. (2020). Early modern empiricism. In Jalobeanu D., & Wolfe C. T. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of early modern philosophy and the sciences (pp. 1–13). Springer Nature.
Meyers, R. G. (2014). Understanding empiricism. Routledge.
doi: 10.4324/9781315712062
Mulligan, N. W. (1997). Attention and implicit memory tests: The effects of varying attentional load on conceptual priming. Memory & Cognition, 25(1), 11–17.
doi: 10.3758/BF03197281
Mulligan, N. W., & Hartman, M. (1996). Divided attention and indirect memory tests. Memory & Cognition, 24(4), 453–465.
doi: 10.3758/BF03200934
Muraven, M., Gagné, M., & Rosman, H. (2008). Helpful self-control: Autonomy support, vitality, and depletion. Journal of experimental social psychology, 44(3), 573–585.
pubmed: 18496610
pmcid: 2390997
doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2007.10.008
Oliver, E. J., Markland, D., Hardy, J., & Petherick, C. M. (2008). The effects of autonomy-supportive versus controlling environments on self-talk. Motivation and Emotion, 32(3), 200–212.
doi: 10.1007/s11031-008-9097-x
Olson, K. R., & Chapin, C. (2007). Relations of fundamental motives and psychological needs to well-being and intrinsic motivation. In P. Zelick (Ed.), Issues in the psychology of motivation (pp. 133–145). Nova Science.
Papineau, D. (2015). The nature of a priori intuitions: Analytic or synthetic? In Fischer E. , & Collins J. (Eds.), Experimental philosophy, rationalism, and naturalism (pp. 59–79). Routledge.
Patall, E. A., Cooper, H., & Robinson, J. C. (2008). The effects of choice on intrinsic motivation and related outcomes: A meta-analysis of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 134(2), 270–300.
pubmed: 18298272
doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.270
Patall, E. A., Cooper, H., & Wynn, S. R. (2010). The effectiveness and relative importance of choice in the classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(4), 896–915.
doi: 10.1037/a0019545
Porter, L. W., & Lawler, E. E. (1968). Management attitudes and performance. Richard D. Irwin Company.
Prinz, J. J. (2005). The return of concept empiricism. In H. Cohen & C. Leferbvre (Eds.), Categorization and cognitive science (pp. 679–695). Elsevier.
doi: 10.1016/B978-008044612-7/50085-8
Putnam, L. L. (2015). Unpacking the dialectic: Alternative views on the discourse–materiality relationship. Journal of Management Studies, 52(5), 706–716.
doi: 10.1111/joms.12115
Reiss, S. (2004). Multifaceted nature of intrinsic motivation: The theory of 16 basic desires. Review of general psychology, 8(3), 179–193.
doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.8.3.179
Reiss, S. (2005). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation at 30: Unresolved scientific issues. The Behavior Analyst, 28(1), 1–14.
pubmed: 22478436
pmcid: 2755352
doi: 10.1007/BF03392100
Reiss, S. (2008). The normal personality: A new way of thinking about people. Cambridge University Press.
doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139167451
Reiss, S. (2012). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Teaching of Psychology, 39(2), 152–156.
doi: 10.1177/0098628312437704
Rose, D., & Brown, D. (2015). Idealism and materialism in perception. Perception, 44(4), 423–435.
pubmed: 26492727
doi: 10.1068/p7927
Rose, N. (2008). Psychology as a social science. Subjectivity, 23, 1–1.
Ross, M. (1975). Salience of reward and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(2), 245–254.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.32.2.245
Ross, M., Karniol, R., & Rothstein, M. (1976). Reward contingency and intrinsic motivation in children: A test of the delay of gratification hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33(4), 442–447.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.33.4.442
Roth, W. M. (2009). Cultural-historical activity theory: Toward a social psychology from first principles. History and Philosophy of Psychology Bulletin, 21(1), 8–22.
Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(5), 749–761.
pubmed: 2810024
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.749
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000a). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67.
pubmed: 10620381
doi: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000b). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
pubmed: 11392867
doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860.
doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860
Seo, M., Putnam, L. L., & Bartunek, J. (2004). Dualities and tensions of planned organizational change. In M. S. Poole & A. H. Van de Ven (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational Change and Innovation (pp. 73–107). Oxford University Press.
Smith, W. E. (1975). The effects of anticipated vs. unanticipated social reward on subsequent intrinsic motivation. Unpublished dissertation. Cornell University.
Stajkovic, A. D., & Luthans, F. (2003). Behavioral management and task performance in organizations: Conceptual background, meta-analysis, and test of alternative models. Personnel Psychology, 56(1), 155–194.
doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00147.x
Taylor, S. E., & Fiske, S. T. (1978). Salience, attention, and attribution: Top of the head phenomena. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 11, pp. 249–288). Academic Press.
Thomas, J. (2014). The minds of the moderns: Rationalism, empiricism and philosophy of mind. Routledge.
doi: 10.4324/9781315711591
Thye, S. R. (2014). Logical and philosophical foundations of experimental research in the social sciences. In M. Webster Jr. & J. Sell (Eds.), Laboratory experiments in the social sciences (pp. 53–82). Academic Press.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-404681-8.00003-0
Valsiner, J. (2014). An invitation to cultural psychology. Sage.
doi: 10.4135/9781473905986
Valsiner, J. (2017). A guided science: History of psychology in the mirror of its making. Routledge.
doi: 10.4324/9781315083544
Vanzo, A. (2013). Kant on empiricism and rationalism. History of Philosophy Quarterly, 30(1), 53–74.
Vanzo, A. (2016). Empiricism and rationalism in nineteenth-century histories of philosophy. Journal of the History of Ideas, 77(2), 253–282.
pubmed: 27763407
doi: 10.1353/jhi.2016.0017
Vroom, V. (1964). Motivation and work. Wiley.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Woolley, K., & Fishbach, A. (2018). When intrinsic motivation and immediate rewards overlap. In C. E. Kopetz & A. Fishbach (Eds.), The motivation cognition interface (pp. 1–19). Routledge.
Woolley, K., & Fishbach, A. (2018). It’s about time: Earlier rewards increase intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(6), 877–890.
pubmed: 29771568
doi: 10.1037/pspa0000116
Zimmerman, A. Z. (2008). Self-Knowledge: Rationalism vs. Empiricism. Philosophy Compass, 3(2), 325–352.
doi: 10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00125.x