Immunogenetics of lithium response and psychiatric phenotypes in patients with bipolar disorder.

The link between bipolar disorder (BP) and immune dysfunction remains controversial. While epidemiological studies have long suggested an association, recent research has found only limited evidence of such a relationship. To clarify this, we investigated the contributions of immune-relevant genetic factors to the response to lithium (Li) treatment and the clinical presentation of BP. First, we assessed the association of a large collection of immune-related genes (4,925) with Li response, defined by the Retrospective Assessment of the Lithium Response Phenotype Scale (Alda scale), and clinical characteristics in patients with BP from the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLi

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Conflict of interests Eduard Vieta has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: AB-Biotics, Abbvie, Almirall, Allergan, Angelini, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Farmindustria, Ferrer, Forest Research Institute, Gedeon Richter, GH Research, Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Lundbeck, Orion, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Rovi, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, Shire, Sunovion, Takeda, the Brain and Behaviour Foundation, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CIBERSAM), the Stanley Medical Research Institute and Viatris. Michael Bauer has received grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), and Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: Allergan, Aristo, Janssen, Lilly, Lundbeck, neuraxpharm, Otsuka, Sandoz, Servier and Sunovion outside the submitted work. Sarah Kittel-Schneider has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or speaker for the following entities: Medice Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH and Takeda. Bernhard Baune has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Servier, the National Health and Medical Research Council, the Fay Fuller Foundation, the James and Diana Ramsay Foundation. Tadafumi Kato received honoraria for lectures, manuscripts, and/or consultancy, from Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co, Ltd, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co, Ltd, Meiji Seika Pharma Co, Ltd, Pfizer Japan Inc., Mochida Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Shionogi & Co, Ltd, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Janssen Asia Pacific, Yoshitomiyakuhin, Astellas Pharma Inc, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd, Wiley Publishing Japan, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co Ltd, Kanae Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science, MSD K.K., Kyowa Pharmaceutical Industry Co, Ltd and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. Tadafumi Kato also received a research grant from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. Peter Falkai has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities Abbott, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Essex, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Gedeon Richter, Servier and Takeda as well as the German Ministry of Science and the German Ministry of Health. Eva Reininghaus has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: Janssen and Institut Allergosan. Mikael Landén has received lecture honoraria from Lundbeck. Kazufumi Akiyama has received consulting honoraria from Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. Scott Clark has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: Otsuka Austalia, Lundbeck Australia, Janssen-Cilag Australia, Servier Australia. The rest of authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.