Back to Actual Behavior - A Modest Proposal on the Example of Exploratory Behavior in Children on the Autism Spectrum.

Autism Spectrum Children Ethology Exploratory Behavior Theory of Integrative Levels

Journal

Integrative psychological & behavioral science
ISSN: 1936-3567
Titre abrégé: Integr Psychol Behav Sci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101319534

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
18 Jul 2023
Historique:
accepted: 22 03 2023
medline: 18 7 2023
pubmed: 18 7 2023
entrez: 18 7 2023
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

 Autism spectrum is characterized by difficulties in social communication and interactions and limited, restricted patterns of behavior, interests, and activity. It is diagnosed and described on the basis of behavioral characteristics. Therefore, behavior research plays a critical role in better understanding the functioning of this group of children. Studies on their interests and curiosity take mainly the form of experiments on visual and object exploration. We argue that important aspects of behavior might be neglected within these studies and propose to refine the approach by incorporating the achievements of classic ethology, contemporary measurement and analytical tools, and the theory of integrative levels. We conclude with an outline of the proposed approach in a short list of major methodological postulates.

Identifiants

pubmed: 37462860
doi: 10.1007/s12124-023-09763-2
pii: 10.1007/s12124-023-09763-2
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Subventions

Organisme : Narodowe Centrum Nauki
ID : UMO-2014/15/B/HS6/03750

Informations de copyright

© 2023. The Author(s).

Références

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.
doi: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Apicella, C. L., & Barrett, H. C. (2016). Cross-cultural evolutionary psychology. Current Opinion in Psychology, 7, 92–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.08.015
doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.08.015
Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Funder, D. C. (2007). Psychology as the Science of Self-Reports and Finger Movements: Whatever Happened to Actual Behavior? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2(4), 396–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00051.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00051.x pubmed: 26151975
Berlyne, D. E. (1950). Novelty and curiosity as determinants of exploratory behaviour. British Journal of Psychology. General Section, 41(1–2), 68–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1950.tb00262.x
doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1950.tb00262.x
Berlyne, D. E. (1960). Conflict, arousal, and curiosity. McGraw-Hill Book Company. https://doi.org/10.1037/11164-000
doi: 10.1037/11164-000
Berlyne, D. E. (1962). Motivational problems raised by exploratory and epistemic behavior. In S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A study of a science. Study II: Empirical substructure and relations with other sciences. Volume 5. The process areas, the person, and some applied fields: Their place in psychology and in science. (pp. 284–364). McGraw-Hill. https://doi.org/10.1037/10040-006
Berlyne, D. E. (1966). Curiosity and Exploration. Science, 153(3731), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.153.3731.25
doi: 10.1126/science.153.3731.25 pubmed: 5328120
Blanchard, D. C., & Blanchard, R. J. (1988). Ethoexperimental Approaches to the Biology of Emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 39(1), 43–68. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.39.020188.000355
doi: 10.1146/annurev.ps.39.020188.000355 pubmed: 2894198
de Campos, A. C., da Costa, C. S. N., Savelsbergh, G. J. P., & Rocha, N. A. C. F. (2013). Infants with Down syndrome and their interactions with objects: Development of exploratory actions after reaching onset. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(6), 1906–1916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.03.001
doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.03.001 pubmed: 23584171
DeLouize, A. M., Coolidge, F. L., & Wynn, T. (2017). Dopaminergic systems expansion and the advent of Homo erectus. Quaternary International, 427, 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.123
doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.123
Dember, W. N., & Fowler, H. (1958). Spontaneous alternation behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 55(6), 412–428. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045446
doi: 10.1037/h0045446 pubmed: 13602020
Doliński, D. (2018). Is Psychology Still a Science of Behaviour? Social Psychological Bulletin, 13(2), e25025. https://doi.org/10.5964/spb.v13i2.25025
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1971). Love and hate: The natural history of behavior patterns (1st Aldine pbk. ed). Aldine de Gruyter
El-Hani, C. N., & Pereira, A. M. (2000). Higher-level Descriptions: Why Should We Preserve Them? Downward Causation: Minds, Bodies and Matter, 133, 118–142.
Feibleman, J. K. (1954). Theory of Integrative Levels. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 5(17), 59–66. http://www.jstor.org/stable/685952
Fowler, H. (1963). Exploratory motivation and animal handling: The effect on runway performance of start-box exposure time. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 56(5), 866–871. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043620
doi: 10.1037/h0043620 pubmed: 14050176
Fragaszy, D., Simpson, K., Cummins-Sebree, S., & Brakke, K. (2016). Ontogeny of tool use: How do toddlers use hammers? Developmental Psychobiology, 58(6), 759–772. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21416
doi: 10.1002/dev.21416 pubmed: 27120556
Franchak, J. M. (2020). Visual exploratory behavior and its development. In Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 73, 59–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.plm.2020.07.001 . Elsevier.
doi: 10.1016/bs.plm.2020.07.001
Friard, O., & Gamba, M. (2016). BORIS: A free, versatile open-source event-logging software for video/audio coding and live observations. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 7(11), 1325–1330. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12584
doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12584
Frostig, T., Alonim, H., Scheingesicht, G., Benjamini, Y., & Golani, I. (2020). Exploration in the Presence of Mother in Typically and Non-typically Developing Pre-walking Human Infants. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 14, 580972. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.580972
doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.580972 pubmed: 33281573 pmcid: 7691591
Gibson, E. J. (1988). Exploratory Behavior in the Development of Perceiving, Acting, and the Acquiring of Knowledge. Annual Review of Psychology, 39, 1–42.
doi: 10.1146/annurev.ps.39.020188.000245
Gustafsson, E., Francoeur, C., Blanchette, I., & Sirois, S. (2022). Visual exploration in adults: Habituation, mere exposure, or optimal level of arousal? Learning & Behavior, 50, 233–241. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-021-00484-3
doi: 10.3758/s13420-021-00484-3
Henderson, B., & Moore, S. G. (1979). Measuring exploratory behavior in young children: A factor-analytic study. Developmental Psychology, 15(2), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.15.2.113
doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.15.2.113
Henderson, B., & Moore, S. G. (1980). Children’s Responses to Objects Differing in Novelty in Relation to Level of Curiosity and Adult Behavior. Child Development, 51(2), 457. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129279
doi: 10.2307/1129279
Huang, A. X., Hughes, T. L., Sutton, L. R., Lawrence, M., Chen, X., Ji, Z., & Zeleke, W. (2017). Understanding the Self in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): A Review of Literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1422. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01422
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01422 pubmed: 28878717 pmcid: 5572253
Hutt, C. (1967). TEMPORAL EFFECTS ON RESPONSE DECREMENT AND STIMULUS SATIATION IN EXPLORATION. British Journal of Psychology, 58(3–4), 365–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1967.tb01093.x
doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1967.tb01093.x pubmed: 5586656
Hutt, C. (1968). Exploration of novelty in children with and without upper C.N.S. lesions and some effects of auditory and visual incentives. Acta Psychologica, 28, 150–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(68)90010-3
doi: 10.1016/0001-6918(68)90010-3 pubmed: 5661849
Hutt, C. (1969). Exploration, arousal and autism. Psychologische Forschung, 33(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00424612
doi: 10.1007/BF00424612 pubmed: 5371834
Hutt, C. (1970). Specific and Diversive Exploration. In Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 5, 119–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2407(08)60466-8 . Elsevier.
doi: 10.1016/S0065-2407(08)60466-8
Hutt, C., & Hutt, S. J. (1965). Effects of environmental complexity on stereotyped behaviours of children. Animal Behaviour, 13(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(65)90064-3
doi: 10.1016/0003-3472(65)90064-3
Jacques, C., Courchesne, V., Meilleur, A.-A.S., Mineau, S., Ferguson, S., Cousineau, D., Labbe, A., Dawson, M., & Mottron, L. (2018). What interests young autistic children? An exploratory study of object exploration and repetitive behavior. PLOS ONE, 13(12), e0209251. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209251
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209251 pubmed: 30596684 pmcid: 6312372
Jarvis, E. N., West, K. L., & Iverson, J. M. (2020). Object exploration during the transition to sitting: A study of infants at heightened risk for autism spectrum disorder. Infancy, 25(5), 640–657. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12341
doi: 10.1111/infa.12341 pubmed: 32857443 pmcid: 7460267
Jefferies, M., Tunçgenç, B., & Cohen, E. (2018). The Role of Physical Activity and Touch in Children’s Social Bonding. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 31, 1–23.
doi: 10.46867/ijcp.2018.31.02.02
Jensen, A. R., Lane, A. L., Werner, B. A., McLees, S. E., Fletcher, T. S., & Frye, R. E. (2022). Modern Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Future Directions. Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy, 26(5), 483–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-022-00600-7
doi: 10.1007/s40291-022-00600-7
Kaur, M., Srinivasan, S. M., & Bhat, A. N. (2015). Atypical object exploration in infants at-risk for autism during the first year of lifer.Frontiers in Psychology, 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00798
Kawa, R., & Pisula, E. (2010). Locomotor activity, object exploration and space preference in children with autism and Down syndrome. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, 70, 131–140.
pubmed: 20628437
Kawa, R., & Pisula, E. (2013). Exploratory behaviour and adaptation to novelty in preschool children with autism – a preliminary report. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 44(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2013-0003
doi: 10.2478/ppb-2013-0003
Knickmeyer, R. C., Wheelwright, S., & Baron-Cohen, S. B. (2008). Sex-typical Play: Masculinization/Defeminization in Girls with an Autism Spectrum Condition. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(6), 1028–1035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0475-0
doi: 10.1007/s10803-007-0475-0 pubmed: 17985222
Krakauer, J. W., Ghazanfar, A. A., Gomez-Marin, A., MacIver, M. A., & Poeppel, D. (2017). Neuroscience Needs Behavior: Correcting a Reductionist Bias. Neuron, 93(3), 480–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.041
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.041 pubmed: 28182904
Libby, S., Powell, S., Messer, D., & Jordan, R. (1998). Spontaneous play in children with autism: A reappraisal. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28(6), 487–497. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026095910558
doi: 10.1023/A:1026095910558 pubmed: 9932235
Libertus, K., Sheperd, K. A., Ross, S. W., & Landa, R. J. (2014). Limited Fine Motor and Grasping Skills in 6-Month-Old Infants at High Risk for Autism. Child Development, 85(6), 2218–2231. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12262
doi: 10.1111/cdev.12262 pubmed: 24978128 pmcid: 4236283
Mandler, G. (2002). Origins of the cognitive (r)evolution. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 38(4), 339–353. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.10066
doi: 10.1002/jhbs.10066 pubmed: 12404267
McDuffie, A., Oakes, A., Machalicek, W., Thurman, A., Summers, S., Stewart, A., & Abbeduto, L. (2015). Play with objects in young males with fragile X syndrome: A preliminary study. Journal of Communication Disorders, 53, 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2014.10.002
doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2014.10.002 pubmed: 25481476
Minuchin, P. (1971). Correlates of Curiosity and Exploratory Behavior in Preschool Disadvantaged Children. Child Development, 42, 939–950.
doi: 10.2307/1127460
Moltz, H. (1965). Contemporary instinct theory and the fixed action pattern. Psychological Review, 72(1), 27–47. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0020275
doi: 10.1037/h0020275 pubmed: 14296450
Mottron, L., Mineau, S., Martel, G., Bernier, C. S.-C., Berthiaume, C., Dawson, M., Lemay, M., Palardy, S., Charman, T., & Faubert, J. (2007). Lateral glances toward moving stimuli among young children with autism: Early regulation of locally oriented perception? Development and Psychopathology, 19(01). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579407070022
Munsinger, H., & Kessen, W. (1964). Uncertainty, structure, and preference. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 78(9), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093865
doi: 10.1037/h0093865
O’Neil, D. K., & Happe´, F. G. E. (2000). Noticing and commenting on what’s new: Differences and similarities among 22-month-old typically developing children, children with Down syndrome and children with autism. Developmental Science, 3(4), 457–478. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7687.00139
doi: 10.1111/1467-7687.00139
Odenwald, J. (2022). Ethologists in the Kindergarten: Natural Behavior, Social Rank, and the Search for the “Innate” in Early Human Ethology (1960s–1970s). Berichte Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 45(1–2), 87–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/bewi.202100022
doi: 10.1002/bewi.202100022 pubmed: 35137979 pmcid: 9303284
Ozonoff, S., Macari, S., Young, G. S., Goldring, S., Thompson, M., & Rogers, S. J. (2008). Atypical object exploration at 12 months of age is associated with autism in a prospective sample. Autism, 12(5), 457–472. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361308096402
doi: 10.1177/1362361308096402 pubmed: 18805942 pmcid: 2921192
Pegoraro, L. F. L., Setz, E. Z. F., & Dalgalarrondo, P. (2014). Ethological Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorders. Evolutionary Psychology, 12(1), 147470491401200. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491401200116
doi: 10.1177/147470491401200116
Pisula, W. (1998). Integrative Levels in Comparative Psychology—The Example of Exploratory Behavior. European Psychologist, 3(1), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.3.1.62
doi: 10.1027/1016-9040.3.1.62
Pisula, W. (2001). Automatic and controlled behavioral acts—A comparative perspective. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 32, 17–20.
Pisula, W. (2003). Costs and benefits of curiosity: The adaptive value of exploratory behavior. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 34, 183–186.
Pisula, E. (2004). Response of children with autism to a brief separation from the mother. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 35, 109–115.
Renner, M. J. (2018). Ethogram. In J. Vonk & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior (pp. 1–4). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_227-1
Ridley, M. (1995). Animal behavior: An introduction to behavioral mechanisms, development, and ecology (2nd ed). Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Ruff, H. A., McCarton, C., Kurtzberg, D., & Vaughan, H. G. (1984). Preterm Infants’ Manipulative Exploration of Objects. Child Development, 55(4), 1166. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129985
doi: 10.2307/1129985 pubmed: 6488951
Sih, A., Bell, A. M., Johnson, J. C., & Ziemba, R. E. (2004). Behavioral Syndromes: An Integrative Overview. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 79(3), 241–277. https://doi.org/10.1086/422893
doi: 10.1086/422893 pubmed: 15529965
Solis, S. L., Curtis, K. N., & Hayes-Messinger, A. (2017). Children’s Exploration of Physical Phenomena During Object Play. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 31(1), 122–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2016.1244583
doi: 10.1080/02568543.2016.1244583
Switzky, H. N., Haywood, H. C., & Isett, R. (1974). Exploration, curiosity, and play in young children: Effects of stimulus complexity. Developmental Psychology, 10(3), 321–329. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036443
doi: 10.1037/h0036443
Szabó, M. K. (2014). Patterns of Play Activities in Autism and Typical Development. A Case Study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140, 630–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.483
doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.483
Tinbergen, N. (1963). On aims and methods of Ethology. Zeitschrift Für Tierpsychologie, 20(4), 410–433. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1963.tb01161.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1963.tb01161.x
Vig, S. (2007). Young Children’s Object Play: A Window on Development. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 19(3), 201–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-007-9048-6
doi: 10.1007/s10882-007-9048-6
Withagen, R., de Poel, H. J., Araújo, D., & Pepping, G.-J. (2012). Affordances can invite behavior: Reconsidering the relationship between affordances and agency. New Ideas in Psychology, 30(2), 250–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2011.12.003
World Health Organization. (2022). ICD-11: International classification of diseases (11th revision). https://icd.who.int/

Auteurs

Ewa Pisula (E)

Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland.

Wojciech Pisula (W)

Institute of Psychology, PAS, Jaracza 1, 00-378, Warsaw, Poland. wpisula@psych.pan.pl.

Classifications MeSH