The estimated distribution of autochthonous leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum in Europe in 2005-2020.
Journal
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
ISSN: 1935-2735
Titre abrégé: PLoS Negl Trop Dis
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101291488
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2023
07 2023
Historique:
received:
19
12
2022
accepted:
03
07
2023
revised:
31
07
2023
medline:
3
8
2023
pubmed:
19
7
2023
entrez:
19
7
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
This study describes the spatial and temporal distribution between 2005 and 2020 of human and animal leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum in European countries reporting autochthonous cases, and highlights potential activities to improve disease control. It was based on a review of the scientific literature and data reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) and the Ministries of Health, including hospital discharges in some countries. Autochthonous infections were reported in the scientific literature from 22 countries, including 13 and 21 countries reporting human and animal infections, respectively. In contrast, only 17 countries reported autochthonous human leishmaniasis cases to the WHO and 8 countries animal infections to the WOAH. The number of WOAH reported cases were 4,203, comprising 4,183 canine cases and 20 cases in wildlife. Of 8,367 WHO reported human cases, 69% were visceral leishmaniasis cases-of which 94% were autochthonous-and 31% cutaneous leishmaniasis cases-of which 53% were imported and mostly in France. The resulting cumulative incidence per 100,000 population of visceral leishmaniasis between 2005-2020, was highest in Albania (2.15 cases), followed by Montenegro, Malta, Greece, Spain and North Macedonia (0.53-0.42), Italy (0.16), Portugal (0.09) and lower in other endemic countries (0.07-0.002). However, according to hospital discharges, the estimated human leishmaniasis incidence was 0.70 in Italy and visceral leishmaniasis incidences were 0.67 in Spain and 0.41 in Portugal. Overall, there was no evidence of widespread increased incidence of autochthonous human leishmaniasis by L. infantum in European countries. Visceral leishmaniasis incidence followed a decreasing trend in Albania, Italy and Portugal, and peaked in Greece in 2013, 2014 and 2017, and in Spain in 2006-2007 and 2011-2013. Animal and human cutaneous leishmaniasis remain highly underreported. In humans, hospital discharge databases provide the most accurate information on visceral leishmaniasis and may be a valuable indirect source of information to identify hotspots of animal leishmaniasis. Integrated leishmaniasis surveillance and reporting following the One Health approach, needs to be enhanced in order to improve disease control.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
This study describes the spatial and temporal distribution between 2005 and 2020 of human and animal leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum in European countries reporting autochthonous cases, and highlights potential activities to improve disease control.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
It was based on a review of the scientific literature and data reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) and the Ministries of Health, including hospital discharges in some countries. Autochthonous infections were reported in the scientific literature from 22 countries, including 13 and 21 countries reporting human and animal infections, respectively. In contrast, only 17 countries reported autochthonous human leishmaniasis cases to the WHO and 8 countries animal infections to the WOAH. The number of WOAH reported cases were 4,203, comprising 4,183 canine cases and 20 cases in wildlife. Of 8,367 WHO reported human cases, 69% were visceral leishmaniasis cases-of which 94% were autochthonous-and 31% cutaneous leishmaniasis cases-of which 53% were imported and mostly in France. The resulting cumulative incidence per 100,000 population of visceral leishmaniasis between 2005-2020, was highest in Albania (2.15 cases), followed by Montenegro, Malta, Greece, Spain and North Macedonia (0.53-0.42), Italy (0.16), Portugal (0.09) and lower in other endemic countries (0.07-0.002). However, according to hospital discharges, the estimated human leishmaniasis incidence was 0.70 in Italy and visceral leishmaniasis incidences were 0.67 in Spain and 0.41 in Portugal.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
Overall, there was no evidence of widespread increased incidence of autochthonous human leishmaniasis by L. infantum in European countries. Visceral leishmaniasis incidence followed a decreasing trend in Albania, Italy and Portugal, and peaked in Greece in 2013, 2014 and 2017, and in Spain in 2006-2007 and 2011-2013. Animal and human cutaneous leishmaniasis remain highly underreported. In humans, hospital discharge databases provide the most accurate information on visceral leishmaniasis and may be a valuable indirect source of information to identify hotspots of animal leishmaniasis. Integrated leishmaniasis surveillance and reporting following the One Health approach, needs to be enhanced in order to improve disease control.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37467280
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011497
pii: PNTD-D-22-01581
pmc: PMC10389729
doi:
Types de publication
Review
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e0011497Subventions
Organisme : World Health Organization
ID : 001
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
Copyright: © 2023 Maia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Références
Euro Surveill. 2013 Jul 18;18(29):20531
pubmed: 23929117
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2019 Apr;16:100279
pubmed: 31027609
BMC Vet Res. 2018 Sep 19;14(1):286
pubmed: 30231901
Emerg Infect Dis. 2021 Jun;27(6):
pubmed: 34013857
Parasit Vectors. 2020 Apr 21;13(1):204
pubmed: 32317026
Coll Antropol. 2010 Mar;34(1):237-9
pubmed: 20432756
Euro Surveill. 2013 Jul 25;18(30):20546
pubmed: 23929177
Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2020 Nov;147(11):764-768
pubmed: 32527516
Acta Trop. 2012 Jun;122(3):291-5
pubmed: 22366671
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Mar 03;10(3):e0004349
pubmed: 26937644
J Clin Microbiol. 2010 Jan;48(1):131-6
pubmed: 19923480
Pathogens. 2022 Aug 16;11(8):
pubmed: 36015042
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013 Nov;89(5):906-15
pubmed: 24062479
Emerg Infect Dis. 2019 Feb;25(2):385-386
pubmed: 30511917
Mil Med. 2009 Feb;174(2):206-11
pubmed: 19317205
Parasit Vectors. 2020 Apr 15;13(1):193
pubmed: 32293524
PLoS One. 2020 Mar 10;15(3):e0229536
pubmed: 32155171
Int J Dermatol. 2012 May;51(5):597-600
pubmed: 21790554
BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 15;21(1):953
pubmed: 34525963
Zoonoses Public Health. 2022 Aug;69(5):395-407
pubmed: 35615899
Vet Parasitol. 2010 May 11;169(3-4):327-34
pubmed: 20031330
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2012 Jun;28(6):533-7
pubmed: 22653455
Vet Ital. 2020 Apr 24;56(1):
pubmed: 32343094
Front Public Health. 2014 Dec 02;2:267
pubmed: 25520951
Parasit Vectors. 2016 May 21;9(1):297
pubmed: 27209427
Eur J Intern Med. 2009 Sep;20(5):474-7
pubmed: 19712847
Infection. 2019 Oct;47(5):739-747
pubmed: 30888587
Parasit Vectors. 2013 Dec 05;6:342
pubmed: 24308691
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2011 Oct;27(5):254-6
pubmed: 21950631
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Sep 07;4(9):
pubmed: 20838650
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018 Oct;24(10):1100.e1-1100.e6
pubmed: 29339223
PLoS One. 2017 Jun 19;12(6):e0179118
pubmed: 28628627
Blood Transfus. 2014 Jan;12 Suppl 1:s141-3
pubmed: 23867185
Vet Parasitol. 2018 Feb 15;251:125-130
pubmed: 29426469
Parasit Vectors. 2020 Jun 10;13(1):301
pubmed: 32522246
Dermatol Online J. 2009 Jun 15;15(6):5
pubmed: 19723479
Parasitol Res. 2008 Dec;103 Suppl 1:S65-8
pubmed: 19030887
BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Jun 10;2014:
pubmed: 24916985
Trends Parasitol. 2017 Sep;33(9):718-730
pubmed: 28601528
Vet Ital. 2013 Oct-Dec;49(4):341-6
pubmed: 24362774
Acta Med Port. 2011 May-Jun;24(3):399-404
pubmed: 22015026
Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2015 Nov-Dec;143(11-12):707-11
pubmed: 26946766
Vet J. 2009 Feb;179(2):259-63
pubmed: 18023375
PLoS One. 2017 Aug 23;12(8):e0183699
pubmed: 28832646
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2015 Jan-Feb;13(1):115-6
pubmed: 25487142
Acta Vet Scand. 2020 Aug 3;62(1):42
pubmed: 32746875
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2018 Aug;13:120-123
pubmed: 31014858
Euro Surveill. 2013 Jul 18;18(29):20533
pubmed: 23929119
Parasit Vectors. 2015 Jun 16;8:330
pubmed: 26077778
Parasit Vectors. 2013 Jun 17;6:178
pubmed: 23773870
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2011 Jan;9(1):37-46
pubmed: 21212024
Acta Trop. 2013 Dec;128(3):642-51
pubmed: 24055542
New Microbiol. 2009 Apr;32(2):223-7
pubmed: 19579705
Parasit Vectors. 2017 Mar 13;10(1):130
pubmed: 28285597
Vet Parasitol. 2011 Sep 8;181(1):12-6
pubmed: 21592669
Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 May;15(5):795-8
pubmed: 19402973
Euro Surveill. 2013 Jul 18;18(29):20532
pubmed: 23929118
Prev Vet Med. 2019 Jan 1;162:67-75
pubmed: 30621900
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2013 Nov-Dec;64(6):440-1
pubmed: 22626012
Rev Sanid Hig Publica (Madr). 1993 Jul-Aug;67(4):255-66
pubmed: 7732292
Dermatology. 2014;228(2):121-4
pubmed: 24503465
Vet Parasitol. 2010 Aug 4;171(3-4):223-8
pubmed: 20409639
Future Microbiol. 2009 Mar;4(2):159-70
pubmed: 19257843
Parasit Vectors. 2020 Jun 3;13(1):282
pubmed: 32493470
Vet Rec. 2009 Jan 24;164(4):112-6
pubmed: 19168881
J Vector Ecol. 2014 Jun;39(1):72-7
pubmed: 24820558
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014 Mar 10;11(3):2834-45
pubmed: 24619118
Parasitology. 2016 Aug;143(9):1179-86
pubmed: 27221643
Parasit Vectors. 2016 Aug 19;9:458
pubmed: 27542911
Vet Ital. 2013 Apr-Jun;49(2):157-61
pubmed: 23888415
Vet Parasitol. 2011 Jun 30;179(1-3):57-61
pubmed: 21349642
Euro Surveill. 2013 Jul 18;18(29):20534
pubmed: 23929121
Parasit Vectors. 2020 Nov 10;13(1):546
pubmed: 33168100
Acta Vet Scand. 2009 Apr 30;51:20
pubmed: 19405946
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2015 Dec;1-2:35-46
pubmed: 31018407
Front Vet Sci. 2019 Aug 29;6:288
pubmed: 31555672
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012 Jan;31(1):97-100
pubmed: 21829140
Parasitol Int. 2014 Feb;63(1):35-6
pubmed: 24126182
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Jul;12(7):588-94
pubmed: 22607079
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019 Dec;67:101374
pubmed: 31707163
Parasit Vectors. 2010 Apr 08;3:31
pubmed: 20377867
Parasit Vectors. 2017 Apr 14;10(1):183
pubmed: 28410591
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016 Apr;45:53-8
pubmed: 27012922
Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Jun;26(6):1311-1314
pubmed: 32441622
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 Jul 15;13(7):e0007594
pubmed: 31306417
Prev Vet Med. 2014 Jul 1;115(1-2):56-63
pubmed: 24698328
Vet Parasitol. 2014 May 28;202(3-4):296-300
pubmed: 24774435
Int J Dermatol. 2009 Mar;48(3):286-9
pubmed: 19261018
Acta Trop. 2023 Jan;237:106710
pubmed: 36198329
Parasit Vectors. 2014 Feb 11;7:62
pubmed: 24517118
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Sep;5(9):e1328
pubmed: 21949894
Prev Vet Med. 2013 Apr 1;109(1-2):116-27
pubmed: 23022112
Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Jul;95(29):e3932
pubmed: 27442631
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009 Dec;15(12):1173-6
pubmed: 19392902
J Small Anim Pract. 2017 Sep;58(9):510-518
pubmed: 28543264
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2010 Nov;10(9):885-8
pubmed: 20420531
PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e35671
pubmed: 22693548
Parasit Vectors. 2016 May 10;9(1):269
pubmed: 27161003
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2010 Mar;104(2):171-4
pubmed: 20406584
J Med Case Rep. 2014 Oct 24;8:354
pubmed: 25343876
Vet Parasitol. 2009 Dec 3;166(1-2):27-31
pubmed: 19720466
Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009 May-Jun;27(3):503-6
pubmed: 19604446
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2014 Sep;30(9):846-7
pubmed: 25054214
Vet Parasitol. 2007 Nov 10;149(3-4):139-46
pubmed: 17703890
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Mar 10;9(3):e0003594
pubmed: 25756785
Parasitology. 2011 Sep;138(10):1234-44
pubmed: 21854702
Trop Med Int Health. 2008 Feb;13(2):256-64
pubmed: 18304273
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2015 Dec;15(12):743-9
pubmed: 26565688
Zoonoses Public Health. 2010 Aug;57(5):318-28
pubmed: 19486495
Parasit Vectors. 2014 Mar 24;7:112
pubmed: 24655361
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 27;15(12):
pubmed: 30486459
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017 Apr;51:69-75
pubmed: 28504099
Acta Trop. 2014 Sep;137:67-73
pubmed: 24813871
Infection. 2020 Oct;48(5):695-713
pubmed: 32418191
Parasitol Res. 2012 Aug;111(2):515-23
pubmed: 22382204
Microorganisms. 2023 Jan 04;11(1):
pubmed: 36677419
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2019 Jan;15:100260
pubmed: 30929944
Parasit Vectors. 2017 Aug 1;10(1):368
pubmed: 28764772
Parasit Vectors. 2013 Apr 29;6:123
pubmed: 23627880
Zoonoses Public Health. 2010 Dec;57(7-8):e23-5
pubmed: 19912600
Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:728516
pubmed: 24967397
Parasitol Res. 2010 Mar;106(4):857-60
pubmed: 20127362
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2022 Jan;27:100676
pubmed: 35012715
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2009 Sep;103(6):555-9
pubmed: 19695161
Vet Res Commun. 2010 Jun;34 Suppl 1:S97-101
pubmed: 20461463
Parasit Vectors. 2014 Oct 21;7:460
pubmed: 25331737
Zoonoses Public Health. 2018 Sep;65(6):675-682
pubmed: 29745468
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Mar;12(3):214-22
pubmed: 22217163
Euro Surveill. 2013 Jul 18;18(29):20530
pubmed: 23929116
Parasit Vectors. 2012 Mar 27;5:62
pubmed: 22452990
J Immunol Res. 2019 Jan 10;2019:4103819
pubmed: 30756088
Pathologica. 2017 Dec;109(4):363-367
pubmed: 29449723
Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Nov;140(11):704-7
pubmed: 24206806
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2016 Dec;16(12):802-806
pubmed: 27788062
Cytopathology. 2020 Mar;31(2):158-160
pubmed: 31758722
Vet Parasitol. 2012 Nov 23;190(1-2):268-71
pubmed: 22677135
Front Public Health. 2022 Apr 04;10:809763
pubmed: 35444989
Prev Vet Med. 2016 Feb 1;124:78-84
pubmed: 26743595
Parasit Vectors. 2012 Mar 27;5:60
pubmed: 22452948
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011 Mar;11(3):239-45
pubmed: 20804432
Vet Parasitol. 2013 Nov 8;197(3-4):691-5
pubmed: 23747102