Puberty in boys with type 1 diabetes mellitus: What has changed?

To study the age of pubertal onset and secular trend in boys with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) followed in two centers in North Greece. Boys with T1DM visited the Outpatient Clinics of the 1st and 2nd Department of Paediatrics of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki from March until June 2022 were enrolled. Recent anthropometric data were recorded during the follow-up visit whereas previous anthropometric data and demographic data were collected from medical files. A volume of testis > 3 ml was indicative for the onset of puberty. A total of 46 boys with T1DM with documented pubertal onset after the diagnosis of T1DM were included in the study. Precocious puberty (<9 years old) was recorded in 5 boys (10.2 %), early puberty (<10 years but >9 years) in 10 (20.4 %) and 34 (69.4 %) entered puberty normally. The duration of T1DM was inversely correlated to the likelihood of earlier puberty (P < 0.001). However, no notable year predominance was observed suggesting no COVID-19 effect. A considerable number of Greek boys with T1DM appear to develop precocious and early puberty, raising thoughts regarding diabetes management and other possible cofactors.

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Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.