Effects of Cold Sintering on the Performance of Zeolite 13X as a Consolidated Adsorbent for Cesium.

Cold sintering, a novel low-temperature consolidation technique, has shown promising results in various inorganic materials. However, the application of this technique to nanoporous materials for energy and environmental fields is not yet fully understood. This study investigates the effects of cold sintering on the relative densities, compressive strengths, chemical durabilities, crystal structures, specific surface areas, and adsorption capacities of zeolites. Cold sintering at 200 °C achieved 10 to 20% greater densification than conventional high temperature (700 °C) sintering; however, the original nanoporous structure of dry cold sintered zeolite was not maintained. Introducing liquid agents during the cold sintering process resulted in reduced degradation of the SSA and increased densification. Using NaOH as the liquid agent increased the solubility of elements in zeolite, which promoted chemical mobility and achieved the highest relative density (96.7 ± 2.8%). However, soluble layers between the particles led to fragmentation, making it unsuitable for aqueous applications. Using H