Water in the terrestrial planet-forming zone of the PDS 70 disk.
Journal
Nature
ISSN: 1476-4687
Titre abrégé: Nature
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0410462
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2023
Aug 2023
Historique:
received:
06
03
2023
accepted:
13
06
2023
medline:
18
8
2023
pubmed:
25
7
2023
entrez:
24
7
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Terrestrial and sub-Neptune planets are expected to form in the inner (less than 10 AU) regions of protoplanetary disks
Identifiants
pubmed: 37488359
doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06317-9
pii: 10.1038/s41586-023-06317-9
pmc: PMC10432267
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
516-520Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
Références
Mulders, G. D., Pascucci, I., Apai, D. & Ciesla, F. J. The Exoplanet Population Observation Simulator. I. The inner edges of planetary systems. Astron. J. 156, 24 (2018).
doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/aac5ea
Ciesla, F. J. & Cuzzi, J. N. The evolution of the water distribution in a viscous protoplanetary disk. Icarus 181, 178–204 (2006).
doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.11.009
Eistrup, C. & Henning, T. Chemical evolution in ices on drifting, planet-forming pebbles. Astron. Astrophys. 667, A60 (2022).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243982
Krijt, S. et al. Chemical habitability: supply and retention of life’s essential elements during planet formation. Preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.10056 (2022).
Bethell, T. & Bergin, E. Formation and survival of water vapor in the terrestrial planet-forming region. Science 326, 142–153 (2009).
doi: 10.1126/science.1176879
Glassgold, A. E. et al. Formation of water in the warm atmospheres of protoplanetary disks. Astrophys. J. 701, 1675–1677 (2009).
doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/701/1/142
Banzatti, A. et al. Hints for icy pebble migration feeding an oxygen-rich chemistry in the inner planet-forming region of disks. Astrophys. J. 903, 124 (2020).
doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abbc1a
Keppler, M. et al. Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70. Astron. Astrophys. 617, A44 (2018).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201832957
Haffert, S. Y. et al. Two accreting protoplanets around the young star PDS 70. Nat. Astron. 3, 749–754 (2019).
doi: 10.1038/s41550-019-0780-5
Long, Z. C. et al. Differences in the gas and dust distribution in the transitional disk of a Sun-like young star, PDS 70. Astron. Astrophys. 858, 112 (2018).
Keppler, M. et al. Highly structured disk around the planet host PDS 70 revealed by high-angular resolution observations with ALMA. Astron. Astrophys. 625, A118 (2019).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201935034
Benisty, M. et al. A circumplanetary disk around PDS70c. Astrophys. J. Lett. 916, L2 (2021).
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac0f83
Rieke, G. H. et al. The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, I: introduction. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 127, 584 (2015).
Wright, G. S. et al. The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, II: design and build. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 127, 595 (2015).
doi: 10.1086/682253
Wells, M. et al. The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, VI: the medium resolution spectrometer. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 127, 646 (2015).
doi: 10.1086/682281
Kessler-Silacci, J. et al. c2d Spitzer IRS spectra of disks around T Tauri stars. I. Silicate emission and grain growth. Astrophys. J. 639, 275–291 (2006).
doi: 10.1086/499330
Furlan, E. et al. A survey and analysis of Spitzer infrared spectrograph spectra of T Tauri Stars in Taurus. Astrophys. J. 165, 568–605 (2006).
doi: 10.1086/505468
Argyriou, I. et al. JWST MIRI flight performance: the medium-resolution spectrometer. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.13469 (2023).
Muzerolle, J. et al. Evidence for dynamical changes in a transitional protoplanetary disk with mid-infrared variability. Astrophys. J. Lett. 704, L15–L19 (2009).
doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/704/1/L15
Espaillat, C. et al. A Spitzer IRS study of infrared variability in transitional and pre-transitional disks around T Tauri stars. Astrophys. J. 728, 49 (2011).
doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/49
Manara, C. F. et al. Constraining disk evolution prescriptions of planet population synthesis models with observed disk masses and accretion rates. Astron. Astrophys. 631, L2 (2019).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201936488
Skinner, S. L. & Audard, M. HST UV spectroscopy of the planet-hosting T Tauri star PDS 70. Astrophys. J. 938, 134 (2022).
doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac892f
Stimpfl, H. An ångström-sized window on the origin of water in the inner Solar System: Atomistic simulation of adsorption of water on olivine. J. Cryst. Growth 294, 83–95 (2006).
Genda, H. & Ikoma, M. Origin of the ocean on the Earth: early evolution of water D/H in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere. Icarus 194, 42–52 (2008).
doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.007
Salyk, C. et al. A Spitzer survey of mid-infrared molecular emission from protoplanetary disks. II. Correlations and local thermal equilibrium models. Astrophys. J. 731, 130 (2011).
doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/130
Pontoppidan, K. M. et al. A Spitzer survey of mid-infrared molecular emission from protoplanetary disks. I. Detection rates. Astrophys. J. 720, 887–903 (2010).
doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/720/1/887
Blevins, S. M. et al. Measurements of water surface snow lines in classical protoplanetary disks. Astrophys. J. 818, 22 (2016).
doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/22
Portilla-Revelo B. et al. Constraining the gas distribution in the PDS 70 disk as a method to assess the effect of planet-disk interactions. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.16850 (2023).
Salyk, C. et al. Detection of water vapor in the terrestrial planet forming region of a transition disk. Astrophys. J. Lett. 810, L24 (2015).
doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/810/2/L24
Manara, C. F. et al. Gas content of transitional disks: a VLT/X-Shooter study of accretion and winds. Astron. Astrophys. 568, A18 (2014).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201323318
Oliveira, I. et al. A Spitzer Survey of protoplanetary disk dust in the Young Serpens Cloud: how do dust characteristics evolve with time? Astrophys. J. 714, 778–798 (2010).
doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/714/1/778
Brown, J. M. et al. Cold disks: Spitzer spectroscopy of disks around young stars with large gaps. Astrophys. J. Lett. 664, L107–L110 (2007).
doi: 10.1086/520808
Furlan, E. et al. Disk evolution in the three nearby star-forming regions of Taurus, Chamaeleon, and Ophiuchus. Astrophys. J. 703, 1964–1983 (2009).
doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/703/2/1964
Banzatti, A. et al. The kinematics and excitation of infrared water vapor emission from planet-forming disks: results from spectrally-resolved surveys and guidelines for JWST spectra. Astron. J. 165, 72 (2023).
doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/aca80b
Bouvier, J. et al. Investigating the magnetospheric accretion process in the young pre-transitional disk system DoAr 44 (V2062 Oph). A multiwavelength interferometric, spectropolarimetric, and photometric observing campaign. Astron. Astrophys. 643, A99 (2020).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202038892
Gaia Collaboration. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astron. Astrophys. 616, A1 (2018).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833051
Müller, A. et al. Orbital and atmospheric characterization of the planet within the gap of the PDS 70 transition disk. Astron. Astrophys. 617, L2 (2018).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833584
Gregorio-Hetem, J. & Hetem, A. Classification of a selected sample of weak T Tauri stars. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 336, 197–206 (2002).
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05716.x
Metchev, S. A., Hillenbrand, L. A. & Meyer, M. R. Ten micron observations of nearby young stars. Astrophys. J. 600, 435–450 (2004).
doi: 10.1086/379788
Riaud, P. et al. Coronagraphic imaging of three weak-line T Tauri stars: evidence of planetary formation around PDS 70. Astron. Astrophys. 458, 317–325 (2006).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20065232
Dong, R. et al. The structure of pre-transitional protoplanetary disks. I. Radiative transfer modeling of the disk+cavity in the PDS 70 system. Astrophys. J. 760, 111 (2012).
doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/760/2/111
Bushouse, H. et al. JWST calibration pipeline. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4037306 (2022).
Gomez Gonzalez, C. A. et al. VIP: vortex image processing package for high-contrast direct imaging. Astron. J. 154, 7 (2017).
doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/aa73d7
Christiaens, V. et al. VIP: a Python package for high-contrast imaging. J. Open Source Softw. 8, 4774 (2023).
doi: 10.21105/joss.04774
Gasman, D. et al. JWST MIRI/MRS in-flight absolute flux calibration and tailored fringe correction for unresolved sources. Astron. Astrophys. 673, A102 (2023).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202245633
Tabone, B. et al. A rich hydrocarbon chemistry and high C to O ratio in the inner disk around a very low-mass star. Nat. Astron. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-01965-3 (2023).
Labiano, A. et al. Wavelength calibration and resolving power of the JWST MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrometer. Astron. Astrophys. 656, A57 (2021).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140614
Tennyson, J. et al. Experimental energy levels of the water molecule. Astron. Astrophys. 30, 735–831 (2001).
Salyk, C. slabspec: Python code for producing LTE slab model molecular spectra. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4037306 (2020).
Grant, S. L. et al. MINDS. The detection of
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acc44b
Facchini, S. et al. The chemical inventory of the planet-hosting disk PDS 70. Astron. J. 162, 99 (2021).
doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/abf0a4
Portilla-Revelo, B. et al. Self-consistent modelling of the dust component in protoplanetary and circumplanetary disks: the case of PDS 70. Astron. Astrophys. 658, A89 (2022).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202141764
Zhuravlev, L. T. The surface chemistry of amorphous silica. Zhuravlev model. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 173, 1–38 (2000).
Stevenson, C. M. & Novak, S. W. Obsidian hydration dating by infrared spectroscopy: method and calibration. J. Archaeol. Sci. 38, 171 (2011).
doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2011.03.003
Juhász, A. et al. Do we really know the dust? Systematics and uncertainties of the mid-infrared spectral analysis methods. Astrophys. J. 695, 1024–1041 (2009).
doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1024
Juhász, A. et al. Dust evolution in protoplanetary disks around Herbig Ae/Be stars—the Spitzer view. Astrophys. J. 721, 431–455 (2010).
doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/721/1/431
Jäger, C. et al. Steps toward interstellar silicate mineralogy. VII. Spectral properties and crystallization behaviour of magnesium silicates produced by the sol-gel method. Astron. Astrophys. 408, 193–204 (2003).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20030916
Dorschner, J. et al. Steps toward interstellar silicate mineralogy. II. Study of Mg-Fe-silicate glasses of variable composition. Astron. Astrophys. 300, 503 (1995).
Sogawa, H. et al. Infrared reflection spectra of forsterite crystal. Astron. Astrophys. 451, 357–361 (2006).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20041538
Jäger, C., Mutschke, H. & Henning, Th. Optical properties of carbonaceous dust analogues. Astron. Astrophys. 332, 291–299 (1998).
Henning, T. & Mutschke, H. Low-temperature infrared properties of cosmic dust analogues. Astron. Astrophys. 327, 743–754 (1997).
Feroz, F. & Hobson, M. P. Multimodal nested sampling: an efficient and robust alternative to Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods for astronomical data analyses. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 384, 449–463 (2008).
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12353.x
Buchner, J. et al. X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue. Astron. Astrophys. 564, A125 (2014).
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201322971
Bouwman, J. et al. The formation and evolution of planetary systems: grain growth and chemical processing of dust in T Tauri systems. Astrophys. J. 683, 479–498 (2008).
doi: 10.1086/587793