Is socio-economic status associated with risk of childhood type 1 diabetes? Literature review.
environmental factors
incidence
parental education
parental occupation
public health
socio-economic status
type 1 diabetes
Journal
Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association
ISSN: 1464-5491
Titre abrégé: Diabet Med
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8500858
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2023
10 2023
Historique:
revised:
16
06
2023
received:
24
06
2022
accepted:
09
07
2023
medline:
18
9
2023
pubmed:
25
7
2023
entrez:
25
7
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Studies of social inequality and risk of developing type 1 diabetes are inconsistent. The present review aimed to comprehensively review relevant literature and describe what has been reported on socio-economic status or parental occupation and risk of type 1 diabetes in children. We searched for publications between 1 January 1970 and 30 November 2021. We focused on the most recent and/or informative publication in cases of multiple publications from the same data source and referred to these as primary studies. Our search identified 69 publications with relevant data. We identified eight primary cohort studies with individual-level data, which we considered the highest quality of evidence. Furthermore, we identified 13 primary case-control studies and 14 semi-ecological studies with area-level socio-economic status variables which provided a weaker quality of evidence. Four of eight primary cohort studies contained data on maternal education, showing non-linear associations with type 1 diabetes that were not consistent across studies. There was no consistent pattern on the association of parental occupation and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. There is a need for more high-quality studies, but the existing literature does not suggest a major and consistent role of socio-economic status in the risk of type 1 diabetes.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e15182Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Diabetes UK.
Références
Gomez-Lopera N, Pineda-Trujillo N, Diaz-Valencia PA. Correlating the global increase in type 1 diabetes incidence across age groups with national economic prosperity: a systematic review. World J Diabetes. 2019;10:560-580.
Tuomilehto J, Ogle GD, Lund-Blix NA, Stene LC. Update on worldwide trends in cccurrence of childhood type 1 diabetes in 2020. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2020;17:198-209.
Rewers M, Ludvigsson J. Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2016;387:2340-2348.
Dowd JB, Zajacova A, Aiello A. Early origins of health disparities: burden of infection, health, and socioeconomic status in U.S. children. Soc Sci Med. 2009;68:699-707.
Lund-Blix NA, Dydensborg Sander S, Størdal K, et al. Infant feeding and risk of type 1 diabetes in two large Scandinavian birth cohorts. Diabetes Care. 2017;40:920-927.
Biehl A, Hovengen R, Grøholt EK, Hjelmesaeth J, Strand BH, Meyer HE. Adiposity among children in Norway by urbanity and maternal education: a nationally representative study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:842.
Diabetes mellitus and socioeconomic factors (Editorial). Lancet. 1982;2:530-531.
Borchers AT, Uibo R, Gershwin ME. The geoepidemiology of type 1 diabetes. Autoimmun Rev. 2010;9:A355-A365.
Calixto OJ, Anaya JM. Socioeconomic status. The relationship with health and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13:641-654.
Stene LC, Tuomilehto J, Rewers M. Global epidemiology of type 1 diabetes. In: Ekoé J-M, Rewers M, Williams R, Zimmet P, eds. The Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2008:355-383.
Cardwell CR, Stene LC, Ludvigsson J, et al. Breast-feeding and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: a pooled analysis of individual participant data from 43 observational studies. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:2215-2225.
Cardwell CR, Stene LC, Joner G, et al. Birth order and childhood type 1 diabetes risk: a pooled analysis of 31 observational studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40:363-374.
Egger M, Davey Smith G, Altman DG. Systematic Reviews in Health Care: Meta-Analysis in Context. BMJ Publishing Group; 2001.
Bengtsson J, Byberg S, Carstensen B, et al. Accumulation of childhood adversities and type 1 diabetes risk: a register-based cohort study of all children born in Denmark between 1980 and 2015. Int J Epidemiol. 2020;49:1604-1613.
Gissler M, Rahkonen O, Mortensen L, et al. Sex differences in child and adolescent mortality by parental education in the Nordic countries. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012;66:57-63.
Poole C, Greenland S, Luetters C, Kelsey JL, Mezei G. Socioeconomic status and childhood leukaemia: a review. Int J Epidemiol. 2006;35:370-384.
Montazeri P, Thomsen C, Casas M, et al. Socioeconomic position and exposure to multiple environmental chemical contaminants in six European mother-child cohorts. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019;222:864-872.
Hill-Briggs F, Adler NE, Berkowitz SA, et al. Social determinants of health and diabetes: a scientific review. Diabetes Care. 2020;44:258-279.
Lindner LME, Rathmann W, Rosenbauer J. Inequalities in glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis according to socio-economic status and area-level deprivation in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Diabet Med. 2018;35:12-32.
Liberatos P, Link BG, Kelsey JL. The measurement of social class in epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev. 1988;10:87-121.
Galobardes B, Shaw M, Lawlor DA, Lynch JW, Davey SG. Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 1). J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006;60:7-12.
von Mutius E. The “hygiene hypothesis” and the lessons learnt from farm studies. Front Immunol. 2021;12:635522.
Ponsonby AL, Pezic A, Cameron FJ, et al. Higher parental occupational social contact is associated with a reduced risk of incident pediatric type 1 diabetes: mediation through molecular enteroviral indices. PloS One. 2018;13:e0193992.
Allen DW, Kim KW, Rawlinson WD, Craig ME. Maternal virus infections in pregnancy and type 1 diabetes in their offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Rev Med Virol. 2018;28:e1974.
Savitz DA, Chen JH. Parental occupation and childhood cancer: review of epidemiologic studies. Environ Health Perspect. 1990;88:325-337.
Stene LC, Joner G; the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Study Group. Use of cod liver oil during the first year of life is associated with lower risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: a large, population based, case-control study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:1128-1134.
Morton LM, Cahill J, Hartge P. Reporting participation in epidemiologic studies: a survey of practice. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;163:197-203.
Morgenstern H, Wakefield J. Ecological studies and analysis. In: Lash TL, VanderWeele TJ, Haneuse S, Rothman KJ, eds. Modern epidemiology. 4th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2021.
Dehn-Hindenberg A, Sassmann H, Berndt V, et al. Long-term occupational consequences for families of children with type 1 diabetes: the mothers take the burden. Diabetes Care. 2021;44:2656-2663.
Merlo J, Wagner P, Austin PC, Subramanian SV, Leckie G. General and specific contextual effects in multilevel regression analyses and their paradoxical relationship: a conceptual tutorial. SSM Popul Health. 2018;5:33-37.
Bruno G, Spadea T, Picariello R, et al. Early life socioeconomic indicators and risk of type 1 diabetes in children and young adults. J Pediatr. 2013;162(3):600-605.e1.
Begum M, Chittleborough C, Pilkington R, et al. Incidence of type 1 diabetes by socio-demographic characteristics among south Australian children: whole-of-population study. J Paediatr Child Health. 2020;56:1952-1958.
Syrjälä E, Nevalainen J, Peltonen J, et al. A joint modeling approach for childhood meat, fish and egg consumption and the risk of advanced islet autoimmunity. Sci Rep. 2019;9:7760.
Clausen TD, Bergholt T, Bouaziz O, et al. Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and subsequent childhood type 1 diabetes: a nationwide Danish cohort study. PloS One. 2016;11:e0161654.
Khashan AS, Kenny LC, Lundholm C, et al. Gestational age and birth weight and the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes: a population-based cohort and sibling design study. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:2308-2315.
D'Angeli MA, Merzon E, Valbuena LF, Tirschwell D, Paris CA, Mueller BA. Environmental factors associated with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: an exploration of the hygiene and overload hypotheses. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164:732-738.
Ievins R, Roberts SE, Goldacre MJ. Perinatal factors associated with subsequent diabetes mellitus in the child: record linkage study. Diabet Med. 2007;24:664-670.
Liese AD, Puett RC, Lamichhane AP, et al. Neighborhood level risk factors for type 1 diabetes in youth: the SEARCH case-control study. Int J Health Geogr. 2012;11:1.
Karavanaki K, Tsoka E, Karayianni C, et al. Prevalence of allergic symptoms among children with diabetes mellitus type 1 of different socioeconomic status. Pediatr Diabetes. 2008;9:407-416.
Svensson J, Carstensen B, Mortensen HB, Borch-Johnsen K; Diabetes DSGoC. Early childhood risk factors associated with type 1 diabetes-is gender important? Eur J Epidemiol. 2005;20:429-434.
Sipetic S, Vlajinac H, Kocev N, Saji S. The Belgrade childhood diabetes study: prenatal and social associations for type 1 diabetes. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2004;18:33-39.
Sipetic SB, Vlajinac HD, Kocev NI, Marinkovic JM, Radmanovic SZ, Bjekic MD. The Belgrade childhood diabetes study: a multivariate analysis of risk determinants for diabetes. Eur J Public Health. 2005;15:117-122.
Wadsworth EJ, Shield JP, Hunt LP, Baum JD. A case-control study of environmental factors associated with diabetes in the under 5s. Diabet Med. 1997;14:390-396.
McKinney PA, Parslow R, Gurney K, Law G, Bodansky HJ, Williams DR. Antenatal risk factors for childhood diabetes mellitus; a case-control study of medical record data in Yorkshire. UK Diabetologia. 1997;40:933-939.
Verge CF, Howard NJ, Irwig L, Simpson JM, Mackerras D, Silink M. Environmental factors in childhood IDDM. A population-based, case-control study. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:1381-1389.
Soltesz G, Jeges S, Dahlquist G. Hungarian childhood Diabetes epidemiology study group. Non-genetic risk determinants for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in childhood. Acta Paediatr. 1994;83:730-735.
Patterson CC, Carson DJ, Hadden DR, Waugh NR, Cole SK. A case-control investigation of perinatal risk factors for childhood IDDM in Northern Ireland and Scotland. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:376-381.
Lawler-Heavner J, Cruickshanks KJ, Hay WW, Gay EC, Hamman RF. Birth size and risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1994;24:153-159.
Virtanen SM, Räsänen L, Aro A, et al. Infant feedig in Finnish children >7 yr of age with newly diagnosed IDDM. Diabetes Care. 1991;14:415-417.
Blom L, Dahlquist G, Nyström L, Sandström A, Wall S. The Swedish childhood diabetes study-social and perinatal determinants for diabetes in childhood. Diabetologia. 1989;32:7-13.