Myopia Progression in Adults: A Retrospective Analysis.
Journal
Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry
ISSN: 1538-9235
Titre abrégé: Optom Vis Sci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8904931
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 08 2023
01 08 2023
Historique:
medline:
11
9
2023
pubmed:
27
7
2023
entrez:
27
7
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Studies on adult myopia progression are limited. This retrospective analysis of a large data set of young adult myopes characterizes myopia progression during adulthood. This study aimed to determine the mean annual progression of myopia and to estimate the proportion of progressors in adult myopes. Longitudinal, noncycloplegic subjective refraction data for young adult myopes (spherical equivalent refractive error, -0.5 D or more), age ranging from 18 to 30 years, were retrospectively analyzed. The mean annual progression, as well as the proportion of progressors (at least -0.50 D shift between visits and annualized progression of -0.25 D or more), was estimated. A total of 354 myopes (230 females [64.7%]), with a mean (standard deviation) age of 22.2 (3.8) years, were considered. The mean (standard deviation) annualized progression was -0.10 (0.21), -0.08 (0.2), and -0.04 (0.21) D in the 18- to 21-year, 22- to 26-year, and 27- to 30-year age groups, respectively ( P = .003). The difference between 18- to 21- and 27- to 30-year age groups was significant ( P = .05), whereas all other pairwise comparisons were not significant. The proportion (95% confidence interval) of progressors in the 18- to 21-, >21- to 26-, and >26- to 30-year age groups was 18.3% (14.9 to 21.7%), 10.9% (7.1 to 14.7%), and 8.8% (4.4 to 13.1%), respectively. The proportion of progressors working or studying in a higher learning/academic environment was 16.2% with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for progression of 2.07 (1.15 to 3.74) compared with those in nonacademic environments ( P = .02), with no significant effect of sex or ethnicity. This study is consistent with other studies on myopia in young adults, which show that myopia does not progress by substantial amounts throughout the adult years, particularly after the age of 21 years. Although future studies may be challenged by the small rates of change and the small proportion of progressors, further research is needed to understand the implications of adult myopia progression on clinical management.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37499166
doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000002045
pii: 00006324-990000000-00131
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
537-542Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023 American Academy of Optometry.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Conflict of Interest Disclosure: None of the authors have reported a financial conflict of interest.
Références
Morgan IG, Wu PC, Ostrin LA, et al. IMI Risk Factors for Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021;62:3.
Sankaridurg P, Tahhan N, Kandel H, et al. IMI Impact of Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021;62:2.
Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, et al. Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology 2016;123:1036–42.
Naidoo KS, Fricke TR, Frick KD, et al. Potential Lost Productivity Resulting from the Global Burden of Myopia: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Modeling. Ophthalmology 2019;126:338–46.
Bullimore MA, Brennan NA. Myopia Control: Why Each Diopter Matters. Optom Vis Sci 2019;96:463–5.
Haarman AE, Enthoven CA, Tideman JW, et al. The Complications of Myopia: A Review and Meta-analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020;61:49.
Wolffsohn JS, Flitcroft DI, Gifford KL, et al. IMI — Myopia Control Reports Overview and Introduction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019;60:M1–19.
Polling JR, Klaver C, Tideman JW. Myopia Progression from Wearing First Glasses to Adult Age: The Dream Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2022;106:820–4.
Bullimore MA, Jones LA, Moeschberger ML, et al. A Retrospective Study of Myopia Progression in Adult Contact Lens Wearers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43:2110–3.
O'Neal MR, Connon TR. Refractive Error Change at the United States Air Force Academy—Class of 1985. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1987;64:344–54.
McBrien NA, Adams DW. A Longitudinal Investigation of Adult-onset and Adult-progression of Myopia in an Occupational Group. Refractive and Biometric Findings. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997;38:321–33.
Ducloux A, Marillet S, Ingrand P, et al. Progression of Myopia in Teenagers and Adults: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study of a Prevalent Cohort. Br J Ophthalmol 2023;107:644–9.
Zadnik K, Mutti DO. Refractive Error Changes in Law Students. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1987;64:558–61.
COMET Group. Myopia Stabilization and Associated Factors among Participants in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013;54:7871–84.
Goss DA, Erickson P, Cox VD. Prevalence and Pattern of Adult Myopia Progression in a General Optometric Practice Population. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1985;62:470–7.
Kinge B, Midelfart A, Jacobsen G. Refractive Errors among Young Adults and University Students in Norway. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1998;76:692–5.
Lee YY, Lo CT, Sheu SJ, et al. What Factors Are Associated with Myopia in Young Adults? A Survey Study in Taiwan Military Conscripts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013;54:1026–33.
Bullimore MA, Lee SS, Schmid KL, et al. IMI-onset and Progression of Myopia in Young Adults. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023;64:2.
Holladay JT. Standardizing Constants for Ultrasonic Biometry, Keratometry, and Intraocular Lens Power Calculations. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997;23:1356–70.
Grosvenor T, Scott R. Three-year Changes in Refraction and Its Components in Youth-onset and Early Adult-onset Myopia. Optom Vis Sci 1993;70:677–83.
Kinge B, Midelfart A, Jacobsen G, et al. The Influence of Near-work on Development of Myopia among University Students. A Three-year Longitudinal Study among Engineering Students in Norway. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2000;78:26–9.
Jacobsen N, Jensen H, Goldschmidt E. Does the Level of Physical Activity in University Students Influence Development and Progression of Myopia?—A 2-year Prospective Cohort Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49:1322–7.
Lee SS, Lingham G, Sanfilippo PG, et al. Incidence and Progression of Myopia in Early Adulthood. JAMA Ophthalmol 2022;140:162–9.
Adams DW, McBrien NA. Prevalence of Myopia and Myopic Progression in a Population of Clinical Microscopists. Optom Vis Sci 1992;69:467–73.
McKnight CM, Sherwin JC, Yazar S, et al. Myopia in Young Adults Is Inversely Related to an Objective Marker of Ocular Sun Exposure: The Western Australian Raine Cohort Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2014;158:1079–85.
Hsu CC, Huang N, Lin PY, et al. Risk Factors for Myopia Progression in Second-grade Primary School Children in Taipei: A Population-based Cohort Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2017;101:1611–7.
Hyman L, Gwiazda J, Hussein M, et al. Relationship of Age, Sex, and Ethnicity with Myopia Progression and Axial Elongation in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:977–87.
Saw SM, Nieto FJ, Katz J, et al. Factors Related to the Progression of Myopia in Singaporean Children. Optom Vis Sci 2000;77:549–54.
Ng FJ, Mackey DA, O'Sullivan TA, et al. Is Dietary Vitamin A Associated with Myopia from Adolescence to Young Adulthood? Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020;9:29.
Mutti DO, Marks AR. Blood Levels of Vitamin D in Teens and Young Adults with Myopia. Optom Vis Sci 2011;88:377–82.
Grosvenor T, Goss DA. Role of the Cornea in Emmetropia and Myopia. Optom Vis Sci 1998;75:132–45.
Tabernero J, Otero C, Pardhan S. A Comparison between Refraction from an Adaptive Optics Visual Simulator and Clinical Refractions. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020;9:23.
Bullimore MA, Fusaro RE, Adams CW. The Repeatability of Automated and Clinician Refraction. Optom Vis Sci 1998;75:617–22.
Goss DA, Grosvenor T. Reliability of Refraction—A Literature Review. J Am Optom Assoc 1996;67:619–30.
Reinstein DZ, Yap TE, Carp GI, et al. Reproducibility of Manifest Refraction between Surgeons and Optometrists in a Clinical Refractive Surgery Practice. J Cataract Refract Surg 2014;40:450–9.
Brennan NA, Toubouti YM, Cheng X, et al. Efficacy in Myopia Control. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021;83:100923.
Cheung SW, Cho P. Validity of Axial Length Measurements for Monitoring Myopic Progression in Orthokeratology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013;54:1613–5.